HIV coinfection with tuberculosis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
HIV is | [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] is considered a main cause of inability to control [[tuberculosis]] (TB) in high [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] settings. In spite of fewer people in USA suffering with [[Tuberculosis|TB]], it remains a serious threat, especially for [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected persons. In general, [[Tuberculosis|TB]] is one of the leading causes of death among [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected patients. It is estimated that about 4.2% of Americans, with or without HIV infection, are infected with [[Tuberculosis|TB]] bacteria. | ||
[[Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |IRIS]] | [[Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |IRIS]] refers to a group of clinical [[Syndrome|syndromes]] associated with [[Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome|immune reconstitution]] which have been commonly linked to [[Mycobacterium|mycobacterial]] infections (TB and disseminated MAC disease).<ref name="pmid11784229">{{cite journal |author=Navas E, Martín-Dávila P, Moreno L, Pintado V, Casado JL, Fortún J, Pérez-Elías MJ, Gomez-Mampaso E, Moreno S |title=Paradoxical reactions of tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=162 |issue=1 |pages=97–9 |year=2002 |month=January |pmid=11784229 |doi= |url=http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11784229 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> | ||
Tuberculosis infection in HIV patients also affect the initiation of treatment. <ref name="pmid9164318">{{cite journal |author=Jacobson MA, Zegans M, Pavan PR, O'Donnell JJ, Sattler F, Rao N, Owens S, Pollard R |title=Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy |journal=Lancet |volume=349 |issue=9063 |pages=1443–5 |year=1997 |month=May |pmid=9164318|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)11431-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(96)11431-8|accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> | Tuberculosis infection in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] patients also affect the initiation of [[treatment]]. <ref name="pmid9164318">{{cite journal |author=Jacobson MA, Zegans M, Pavan PR, O'Donnell JJ, Sattler F, Rao N, Owens S, Pollard R |title=Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy |journal=Lancet |volume=349 |issue=9063 |pages=1443–5 |year=1997 |month=May |pmid=9164318|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)11431-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(96)11431-8|accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The likelihood of getting sick with other [[Infection|infections]] and [[Disease|diseases]] is much more in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected individuals. [[Tuberculosis]] ([[Tuberculosis|TB]]) is one of these diseases. [[Tuberculosis|TB]] commonly affects the [[Lung|lungs]]; however, It can sometimes affects other organs and body parts, such as the [[brain]], [[heart]], [[Kidney|kidneys]], or [[Spinal cord|spine]]. | |||
==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
There are no differences between [[tuberculosis]] treatment in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected adults and adults [[Tuberculosis|TB]] patients without [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] infection. However, [[Tuberculosis|TB]] management in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected patients is complex and patients with both [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] and [[Tuberculosis|TB]] infections have to seek the medical care from a health care provider or providers with experience in the management of both [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] disease and [[Tuberculosis|TB]]. Because patients with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] infection are often taking several drugs, some of which interact with [[anti-TB drugs]], experts in the treatment of HIV-related TB should be consulted. | |||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
A new epidemiological model, developed by WHO, UNAIDS and the Stop TB Partnership, | A new epidemiological model, developed by [[World Health Organization|WHO]], UNAIDS and the Stop [[Tuberculosis|TB]] Partnership, has reported that [[HIV AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] deaths can be reduced obviously through [[tuberculosis]] (TB) [[Prevention (medical)|prevention]] and [[treatment]]. In 2009, almost one in four deaths among [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected patients were as a result of [[Tuberculosis|TB]], which is both curable and preventable nowadays. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 05:07, 25 March 2021
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HIV coinfection with tuberculosis Microchapters |
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Differentiating HIV coinfection with tuberculosis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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HIV coinfection with tuberculosis overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of HIV coinfection with tuberculosis overview |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating HIV coinfection with tuberculosis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for HIV coinfection with tuberculosis overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
HIV is considered a main cause of inability to control tuberculosis (TB) in high HIV settings. In spite of fewer people in USA suffering with TB, it remains a serious threat, especially for HIV-infected persons. In general, TB is one of the leading causes of death among HIV-infected patients. It is estimated that about 4.2% of Americans, with or without HIV infection, are infected with TB bacteria.
IRIS refers to a group of clinical syndromes associated with immune reconstitution which have been commonly linked to mycobacterial infections (TB and disseminated MAC disease).[1]
Tuberculosis infection in HIV patients also affect the initiation of treatment. [2]
Pathophysiology
The likelihood of getting sick with other infections and diseases is much more in HIV-infected individuals. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of these diseases. TB commonly affects the lungs; however, It can sometimes affects other organs and body parts, such as the brain, heart, kidneys, or spine.
Medical Therapy
There are no differences between tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected adults and adults TB patients without HIV infection. However, TB management in HIV-infected patients is complex and patients with both HIV and TB infections have to seek the medical care from a health care provider or providers with experience in the management of both HIV disease and TB. Because patients with HIV infection are often taking several drugs, some of which interact with anti-TB drugs, experts in the treatment of HIV-related TB should be consulted.
Prevention
A new epidemiological model, developed by WHO, UNAIDS and the Stop TB Partnership, has reported that HIV/AIDS deaths can be reduced obviously through tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment. In 2009, almost one in four deaths among HIV-infected patients were as a result of TB, which is both curable and preventable nowadays.
References
- ↑ Navas E, Martín-Dávila P, Moreno L, Pintado V, Casado JL, Fortún J, Pérez-Elías MJ, Gomez-Mampaso E, Moreno S (2002). "Paradoxical reactions of tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy". Arch. Intern. Med. 162 (1): 97–9. PMID 11784229. Retrieved 2012-04-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Jacobson MA, Zegans M, Pavan PR, O'Donnell JJ, Sattler F, Rao N, Owens S, Pollard R (1997). "Cytomegalovirus retinitis after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy". Lancet. 349 (9063): 1443–5. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)11431-8. PMID 9164318. Retrieved 2012-04-06. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)