Dizziness classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Dizziness}} | {{Dizziness}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FB}} {{Norina Usman}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Debduti}} {{FB}} {{Norina Usman}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Based on the symptoms, dizziness may be classified into vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, lightheadedness. | Based on the symptoms, dizziness may be classified into vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, lightheadedness. Vertigo can further be classified into timing and trigger as well as based on the area of pathology such as central and/ or peripheral. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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* Sensation of impending faint/[[loss of consciousness]] | * Sensation of impending faint/[[loss of consciousness]] | ||
* [[Pallor]], dimness of vision, roaring in the ears, and [[diaphoresis]] may occur | * [[Pallor]], dimness of vision, roaring in the ears, and [[diaphoresis]] may occur | ||
* Recovery upon assuming the recumbent position is common | * Recovery upon assuming the [[recumbent]] position is common | ||
| rowspan="3" |Non Vestibular system disorder | | rowspan="3" |Non Vestibular system disorder | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Type III Dizziness (Disequilibrium) | |Type III Dizziness (Disequilibrium) | ||
| | | | ||
* Loss of balance without an abnormal sensation in the head occurs | * [[Loss of balance]] without an abnormal sensation in the head occurs | ||
* Occurs when walking and disappears upon sitting down. | * Occurs when walking and disappears upon sitting down. | ||
* Occurs as a result of a disorder of motor system control | * Occurs as a result of a disorder of [[motor system]] control | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Type IV Dizziness | |Type IV Dizziness | ||
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
One way to classify dizziness and vertigo is based on the timing and trigger as follows:<ref name="pmid26231273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Newman-Toker DE, Edlow JA |title=TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo |journal=Neurol Clin |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=577–99, viii |date=August 2015 |pmid=26231273 |pmc=4522574 |doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.011 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*New episodic: | |||
**With triggers: | |||
***Triggered episodic [[vestibular syndrome]] (e.g., [[positional vertigo]] from [[BPPV]]) | |||
**Without triggers: | |||
***Spontaneous episodic vestibular syndrome (e.g., [[arrhythmia]] from cardiac causes) | |||
- Post-exposure acute vestibular syndrome (e.g., after gentamicin) | -New continuous: | ||
- Spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome (e.g., stroke of posterior fossa) | - Post-exposure acute vestibular syndrome (e.g., after [[gentamicin]]) | ||
- Spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome (e.g., [[stroke]] of [[posterior fossa]]) | |||
- Chronic vestibular syndrome (unilateral vestibular loss, present with head movement) | |||
- Spontaneous chronic vestibular syndrome (associated with degeneration of cerebellum) | -Chronic, persistent: | ||
- Chronic vestibular syndrome (unilateral vestibular loss, present with [[head movement]]) | |||
- Spontaneous chronic vestibular syndrome (associated with degeneration of [[cerebellum]]) | |||
Vertigo can be further classified into peripheral and central based on the area of pathology (explained further under the pathophysiology section): <ref name="pmid28722891">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lui F, Foris LA, Willner K, Tadi P |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=28722891 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28613548">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baumgartner B, Taylor RS |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=28613548 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
-Central: | |||
-[[Ischemia]] or [[infarction of the brainstem]] | |||
-[[Vertebrobasilar insuffiency]] | |||
-[[Demyelination]] syndromes like [[multiple sclerosis]] | |||
-[[Space occupying lesions]] (both benign and malignant) | |||
-[[Arnold-Chiari malformation]] | |||
-[[Vestibular migraine]] | |||
-Peripheral: | |||
-[[Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo]] (BPPV) | |||
-[[Cogan syndrome]] ([[autoimmune]] condition that affects [[eyes]] and [[inner ears]]) | |||
-[[Acoustic neuroma]] | |||
-[[Herpes zoster]] | |||
-[[Labyrynthitis]] | |||
-[[Vestibular neuritis]] | |||
-[[Medication toxicity]] (e.g., [[aminoglycosides]], etc) | |||
-[[Perilymphatic fistula]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category: (name of the system)]] | [[Category: (name of the system)]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 24 April 2021
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Dizziness Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Dizziness classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dizziness classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Dizziness classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Debduti Mukhopadhyay, M.B.B.S[2] Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [3] Norina Usman, M.B.B.S[4]
Overview
Based on the symptoms, dizziness may be classified into vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, lightheadedness. Vertigo can further be classified into timing and trigger as well as based on the area of pathology such as central and/ or peripheral.
Classification
Dizziness may be classified into subtypes based on the symptoms[1]:
| Classification of Dizziness[2] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Type of Dizziness | Description | Origin of Disorder |
| Type I Dizziness
(Vertigo) |
|
Vestibular system disorder
(Peripheral OR Central) |
| Type II Dizziness
(Impending faint/Presyncope) |
|
Non Vestibular system disorder |
| Type III Dizziness (Disequilibrium) |
| |
| Type IV Dizziness |
| |
Classification
One way to classify dizziness and vertigo is based on the timing and trigger as follows:[3]
- New episodic:
- With triggers:
- Triggered episodic vestibular syndrome (e.g., positional vertigo from BPPV)
- Without triggers:
- Spontaneous episodic vestibular syndrome (e.g., arrhythmia from cardiac causes)
- With triggers:
-New continuous: - Post-exposure acute vestibular syndrome (e.g., after gentamicin) - Spontaneous acute vestibular syndrome (e.g., stroke of posterior fossa)
-Chronic, persistent: - Chronic vestibular syndrome (unilateral vestibular loss, present with head movement) - Spontaneous chronic vestibular syndrome (associated with degeneration of cerebellum)
Vertigo can be further classified into peripheral and central based on the area of pathology (explained further under the pathophysiology section): [4][5]
-Central: -Ischemia or infarction of the brainstem -Vertebrobasilar insuffiency -Demyelination syndromes like multiple sclerosis -Space occupying lesions (both benign and malignant) -Arnold-Chiari malformation -Vestibular migraine
-Peripheral: -Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) -Cogan syndrome (autoimmune condition that affects eyes and inner ears) -Acoustic neuroma -Herpes zoster -Labyrynthitis -Vestibular neuritis -Medication toxicity (e.g., aminoglycosides, etc) -Perilymphatic fistula
References
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250167.
- ↑ Mukherjee A, Chatterjee SK, Chakravarty A (2003). "Vertigo and dizziness--a clinical approach". J Assoc Physicians India. 51: 1095–101. PMID 15260396.
- ↑ Newman-Toker DE, Edlow JA (August 2015). "TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo". Neurol Clin. 33 (3): 577–99, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.011. PMC 4522574. PMID 26231273.
- ↑ Lui F, Foris LA, Willner K, Tadi P. PMID 28722891. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Baumgartner B, Taylor RS. PMID 28613548. Missing or empty
|title=(help)