Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis}} | {{Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{ SharmiB}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
[[Genetic]] or acquired conditions causing [[thrombosis]] are considered as risk factors for developing [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]]. | |||
==Causes== | |||
There are more than 100 different causes of [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]] (CVT). Virchow's principles ([[blood]] stasis, modification of [[vascular]] wall, and [[blood]] [[rheology]]) should be used to identify all the predisposing [[conditions]] for CVT. There are also some [[genetic]] and acquired [[causes]] leading to CVT. In the [[cohort]] of an International study of [[cerebral]] [[vein]] and dural sinus [[thrombosis]](ISCVT), 34% of [[patients]] had [[thrombophilia]] while 22% of them had acquired [[thrombophilia]].<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | There are more than 100 different causes of [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]] (CVT). Virchow's principles ([[blood]] stasis, modification of [[vascular]] wall, and [[blood]] [[rheology]]) should be used to identify all the predisposing [[conditions]] for CVT. There are also some [[genetic]] and acquired [[causes]] leading to CVT. In the [[cohort]] of an International study of [[cerebral]] [[vein]] and dural sinus [[thrombosis]](ISCVT), 34% of [[patients]] had [[thrombophilia]] while 22% of them had acquired [[thrombophilia]].<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | ||
'''Genetic prothrombotic causes''' <ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | |||
- [[Antithrombin]] [[deficiency]] | - [[Antithrombin]] [[deficiency]] | ||
| Line 23: | Line 28: | ||
'''Acquired Prothrombotic States'''<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | |||
- [[pregnancy]] | - [[pregnancy]] | ||
| Line 35: | Line 40: | ||
- [[nephrotic syndrome]] | - [[nephrotic syndrome]] | ||
'''Infection''' <ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | |||
- [[meningitis]] | - [[meningitis]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 56: | ||
- [[AIDS]] | - [[AIDS]] | ||
'''Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases'''<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | |||
- [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] | - [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] | ||
| Line 65: | Line 70: | ||
- [[thromboangiitis obliterans]] | - [[thromboangiitis obliterans]] | ||
'''Hematology'''<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | |||
- [[polycythemia]] | - [[polycythemia]] | ||
| Line 79: | Line 84: | ||
- [[heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]] | - [[heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]] | ||
'''Drugs'''<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | |||
- oral contraceptives | - oral contraceptives | ||
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- illicit [[drugs]] (such as ecstasy) | - illicit [[drugs]] (such as ecstasy) | ||
'''Mechanical Causes''' | '''Mechanical Causes'''<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | ||
- [[head trauma]] | - [[head trauma]] | ||
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- [[intravenous]] [[drug]] [[abuse]] | - [[intravenous]] [[drug]] [[abuse]] | ||
''' | '''Malignancy'''<ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | ||
- CNS [[tumors]] | - CNS [[tumors]] | ||
| Line 119: | Line 124: | ||
- [['''solid''']] '''[[tumors]]''' outside ['''[CNS''']] | - [['''solid''']] '''[[tumors]]''' outside ['''[CNS''']] | ||
Other | '''Other Causes'''<ref name="Stam2005">{{cite journal|last1=Stam|first1=Jan|title=Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=17|year=2005|pages=1791–1798|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra042354}}</ref><ref name="FilippidisKapsalaki2009">{{cite journal|last1=Filippidis|first1=Aristotelis|last2=Kapsalaki|first2=Eftychia|last3=Patramani|first3=Gianna|last4=Fountas|first4=Kostas N.|title=Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment|journal=Neurosurgical Focus|volume=27|issue=5|year=2009|pages=E3|issn=1092-0684|doi=10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167}}</ref> | ||
- [[dehydration]], especially in [[children]] | - [[dehydration]], especially in [[children]] | ||
| Line 133: | Line 138: | ||
- post [[radiation]] | - post [[radiation]] | ||
==References == | |||
References == | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:14, 31 July 2021
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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Microchapters |
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Differentiating Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sharmi Biswas, M.B.B.S
Overview
Genetic or acquired conditions causing thrombosis are considered as risk factors for developing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Causes
There are more than 100 different causes of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT). Virchow's principles (blood stasis, modification of vascular wall, and blood rheology) should be used to identify all the predisposing conditions for CVT. There are also some genetic and acquired causes leading to CVT. In the cohort of an International study of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis(ISCVT), 34% of patients had thrombophilia while 22% of them had acquired thrombophilia.[1][2]
Genetic prothrombotic causes [1][2]
- Protein C and S deficiency
- Factor v Leiden mutation
- Resistance to activated protein C
- prothrombin mutation (A–G at position 20210)
- mutations leading to homocysteinemia
- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
Acquired Prothrombotic States[1][2]
- homocysteinemia
- otitis
- systemic infectious diseases
- AIDS
Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases[1][2]
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- Adamantiades-Behçet disease
- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- thrombocythemia
- severe anemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- oral contraceptives
- steroids
- illicit drugs (such as ecstasy)
- neurosurgical procedures
- jugular vein catheterization
Malignancy[2]
- CNS tumors
- '''solid''' tumors outside [[CNS]]
- dehydration, especially in children
- toxicosis
- arteriovenous malformations
- dural fistulae
- post radiation
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Stam, Jan (2005). "Thrombosis of the Cerebral Veins and Sinuses". New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (17): 1791–1798. doi:10.1056/NEJMra042354. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Filippidis, Aristotelis; Kapsalaki, Eftychia; Patramani, Gianna; Fountas, Kostas N. (2009). "Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment". Neurosurgical Focus. 27 (5): E3. doi:10.3171/2009.8.FOCUS09167. ISSN 1092-0684.