Ancylostomiasis primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Ancylostomiasis}} | {{Ancylostomiasis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Kalpana Giri}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Effective measures for the primary prevention of ancylostomiasis include periodic mass anthelminthic treatment of at-risk populations, avoid gardening barefooted, patient education on [[proper hygiene]] and [[sanitation]]. | |||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends [[controlling]] STH [[morbidity]] through [[periodic]] mass [[anthelminthic]] [[treatment]] of at-risk [[populations]] living in [[endemic areas]]. Mainly targets [[preschool-age children]], [[school-age children]], and women of [[childbearing age]], because of the particular need for [[micronutrients]] in this age group.<ref name="pmid28340144">{{cite journal| author=Marocco C, Bangert M, Joseph SA, Fitzpatrick C, Montresor A| title=Preventive chemotherapy in one year reduces by over 80% the number of individuals with soil-transmitted helminthiases causing morbidity: results from meta-analysis. | journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg | year= 2017 | volume= 111 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-17 | pmid=28340144 | doi=10.1093/trstmh/trx011 | pmc=5590722 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28340144 }} </ref> | |||
*Effective measures for the primary prevention of ancylostomiasis include: | |||
**'''preventive chemotherapy (PC)''': [[albendazole]] 400 mg PO single dose or [[mebendazole]] 500 mg Po [[single dose]] is recommended once a year when the [[prevalence]] of at least 20% of any STH [[infection]] among [[school-age children]] and twice a year when it exceeds 50%. | |||
**Also recommend, once PC started, it should be maintained for atleast 5 years.<ref name="pmid28340144">{{cite journal| author=Marocco C, Bangert M, Joseph SA, Fitzpatrick C, Montresor A| title=Preventive chemotherapy in one year reduces by over 80% the number of individuals with soil-transmitted helminthiases causing morbidity: results from meta-analysis. | journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg | year= 2017 | volume= 111 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-17 | pmid=28340144 | doi=10.1093/trstmh/trx011 | pmc=5590722 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28340144 }} </ref> | |||
**For '''pregnant women''' especially for those who are in endemic areas prevalent with hookworm infection: [[albendazole]] 400 mg PO single dose or [[mebendazole]] 500 mg Po [[single dose]] after the [[first trimester]].<ref name="pmid19323004">{{cite journal| author=Liabsuetrakul T, Chaikongkeit P, Korviwattanagarn S, Petrueng C, Chaiya S, Hanvattanakul C | display-authors=etal| title=Epidemiology and the effect of treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pregnant women in southern Thailand. | journal=Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health | year= 2009 | volume= 40 | issue= 2 | pages= 211-22 | pmid=19323004 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19323004 }} </ref> | |||
**Treating [[cats]] and [[dogs]] for [[hookworm]]. | |||
**'''Patient Education''' | |||
***We should educate the people especially in endemic areas prevalent with hookworm infection: <ref name="pmid22291577">{{cite journal| author=Ziegelbauer K, Speich B, Mäusezahl D, Bos R, Keiser J, Utzinger J| title=Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=PLoS Med | year= 2012 | volume= 9 | issue= 1 | pages= e1001162 | pmid=22291577 | doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001162 | pmc=3265535 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22291577 }} </ref><ref name="pmid32685438">{{cite journal| author=Apili F, Ochaya S, Osingada CP, Mbalinda SN, Mukunya D, Ndeezi G | display-authors=etal| title=Hookworm Infection among Pregnant Women at First Antenatal Visit in Lira, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. | journal=Int J Reprod Med | year= 2020 | volume= 2020 | issue= | pages= 8053939 | pmid=32685438 | doi=10.1155/2020/8053939 | pmc=7341405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32685438 }} </ref> | |||
****Use of proper [[footwear]] and avoid [[gardening]] [[barefooted]]. | |||
****Avoid using [[water]] from unsafe sources shared with animals for [[domestic uses]] | |||
****Promotes improved [[sanitation]] and [[public health education]] about [[proper hygiene]] such as avoid [[open-ground]] [[defecation]] and proper utilisation of the [[pit latrine]]. | |||
****Avoid eating contaminated food. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:39, 30 August 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalpana Giri, MBBS[2]
Overview
Effective measures for the primary prevention of ancylostomiasis include periodic mass anthelminthic treatment of at-risk populations, avoid gardening barefooted, patient education on proper hygiene and sanitation.
Prevention
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends controlling STH morbidity through periodic mass anthelminthic treatment of at-risk populations living in endemic areas. Mainly targets preschool-age children, school-age children, and women of childbearing age, because of the particular need for micronutrients in this age group.[1]
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of ancylostomiasis include:
- preventive chemotherapy (PC): albendazole 400 mg PO single dose or mebendazole 500 mg Po single dose is recommended once a year when the prevalence of at least 20% of any STH infection among school-age children and twice a year when it exceeds 50%.
- Also recommend, once PC started, it should be maintained for atleast 5 years.[1]
- For pregnant women especially for those who are in endemic areas prevalent with hookworm infection: albendazole 400 mg PO single dose or mebendazole 500 mg Po single dose after the first trimester.[2]
- Treating cats and dogs for hookworm.
- Patient Education
- We should educate the people especially in endemic areas prevalent with hookworm infection: [3][4]
- Use of proper footwear and avoid gardening barefooted.
- Avoid using water from unsafe sources shared with animals for domestic uses
- Promotes improved sanitation and public health education about proper hygiene such as avoid open-ground defecation and proper utilisation of the pit latrine.
- Avoid eating contaminated food.
- We should educate the people especially in endemic areas prevalent with hookworm infection: [3][4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marocco C, Bangert M, Joseph SA, Fitzpatrick C, Montresor A (2017). "Preventive chemotherapy in one year reduces by over 80% the number of individuals with soil-transmitted helminthiases causing morbidity: results from meta-analysis". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 111 (1): 12–17. doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx011. PMC 5590722. PMID 28340144.
- ↑ Liabsuetrakul T, Chaikongkeit P, Korviwattanagarn S, Petrueng C, Chaiya S, Hanvattanakul C; et al. (2009). "Epidemiology and the effect of treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pregnant women in southern Thailand". Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 40 (2): 211–22. PMID 19323004.
- ↑ Ziegelbauer K, Speich B, Mäusezahl D, Bos R, Keiser J, Utzinger J (2012). "Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis". PLoS Med. 9 (1): e1001162. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001162. PMC 3265535. PMID 22291577.
- ↑ Apili F, Ochaya S, Osingada CP, Mbalinda SN, Mukunya D, Ndeezi G; et al. (2020). "Hookworm Infection among Pregnant Women at First Antenatal Visit in Lira, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study". Int J Reprod Med. 2020: 8053939. doi:10.1155/2020/8053939. PMC 7341405 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32685438 Check|pmid=value (help).