Congestive heart failure implantation of intracardiac defibrillator: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 23:15, 22 June 2022

Editor(s)-In-Chief: James Chang, M.D., Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, Harvard Medical School [1] and C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2], Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, Harvard Medical School; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [3] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD [4]

Overview

Fifty percent of patients with heart failure die of sudden cardiac death. ICDs are indicated for patients with previous myocardial infarction and an LVEF <30%, sustained ventricular tachycardia, inducible ventricular tachycardia. The morbidity and mortality benefit of ICD placement compared with anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is controversial.

Indications for an Intracardiac Defibrillator

1. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is ≤ 35% ^[1]

and

2. NYHA class II/III

OR

1. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is ≤ 30%

and

2. There is a prior history of myocardial infarction (MI) ^[2]

Background

ICDs prevent sudden death in appropriately selected patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction irrespective of etiology.

Implantation of an ICD for primary prevention of sudden death should be considered for patients with LVEF ≤ 35% who are in NYHA functional class II or III.

ICD implantation is not appropriate or beneficial for patients in NYHA class IV (severely debilitated). In post-MI patients, implantation of an ICD should be performed no earlier than 40 days post-MI in patients with persistent moderate or severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: LVEF ≤ 30% for asymptomatic (NYHA class I) patients or LVEF ≤ 35% for symptomatic (NYHA class II or III) patients.

ICD implantation has NOT been demonstrated to prolong life in patients who are severely symptomatic or otherwise profoundly debilitated (NYHA class IV).

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline (DO NOT EDIT) ^[3]

ICDs and CRTs

Class I
"1. In patients with nonischemic DCM or ischemic heart disease at least 40 days post-MI with LVEF ≤ 35% and NYHA class II or III symptoms or chronic GDMT, who have reasonable expectation of meaningful survival for >1 year, ICD therapy is recommended for primary prevention of SCD to reduce total mortality. ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[1]^[11](Level of Evidence: A) "

Value Statement:High Value
"2. A transvenous ICD provides high economic value in the primary prevention of SCD particularly when the patient's risk of death caused by ventricular arrhythmia is deemed high and the risk of non-arrhythmic death (either cardiac or noncardiac) is deemed low based on the patient's burden of comorbidities and functional status. ^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17] (Level of Evidence: A) "

Class I
"3. In patients at least 40 days post-MI with LVEF ≤ 30% and NYHA class I symptoms while receiving GDMT, who have reasonable expectation of meaningful survival for > 1 year, ICD therapy is recommended for primary preve≤ntion of SCD to reduce total mortality. ^[2] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "
"4. For patients who have LVEF ≤ 35%, sinus rhythm, LBBB with a QRS duration ≥150ms, and NYHA class II, III, or ambulatory IV symptoms on GDMT, CRT is indicated to reduce total mortality, reduce hospitalizations, and improve symptoms and QOL.^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "

Value Statement:High Value
"5. For patients who have LVEF ≤ 35%, sinus rhythm, LBBB with a QRS duration of ≥ 150ms, and NYHA class II, III, or ambulatory class IV symptoms on GDMT, CRT implementation provides high economic value. ^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29] (Level of Evidence: B-NR) "

Class IIa
"6.For patients who have LVEF ≤ 35%, sinus rhythm, a non-LBBB pattern with a QRS duration ≥ 150ms, and NYHA class II, III, or ambulatory class IV symptoms on GDMT, CRT can be useful to reduce total mortality, reduce hospitalizations, and improve symptoms and QOL. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "
"7. In patients with high-degree or complete heart block and LVEF of 36% to 50%, CRT is reasonable to reduce total mortality, reduce hospitalizations, and improve symptoms and QOL. ^[36]^[37] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "
"8. For patients who have LVEF ≤ 35%, sinus rhythm, LBBB with a QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms, and NYHA class II, III, or ambulatory IV symptoms on GDMT, CRT can be useful to reduce total mortality reduce hospitalizations, and improve symptoms and QOL. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35] (Level of Evidence: B-NR) "
"9. In patients with AF and LVEF ≤ 35% on GDMT, CRT can be useful to reduce total mortality, improve symptoms and QOL, and increase LVEF, if: a) the patient requires ventricular pacing or otherwise meets CRT criteria and b) atrioventricular nodal ablation or pharmacological rate control will allow near 100% ventricular pacing with CRT. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35] (Level of Evidence: B-NR) "
"10. For patients on GDMT who have LVEF ≤ 35% and are undergoing placement of a new or replacement device implantation with anticipated requirement for significant (>40%) ventricular pacing, CRT can be useful to reduce total mortality, reduce hospitalizations, and improve symptoms and QOL. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35] (Level of Evidence: B-NR) "
"11. In patients with genetic arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with high-risk features of sudden death, with EF ≤ 45%, implantation of ICD is reasonable to decrease sudden death. ^[38]^[39](Level of Evidence: B-NR) "

Class IIb
"12. For patients who have LVEF ≤ 35%, sinus rhythm, a non-LBBB pattern with QRS duration of 120 to 149 ms, and NYHA class III or ambulatory class IV on GDMT, CRT may be considered to reduce total mortality, reduce hospitalizations, and improve symptoms and QOL. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "
"13.For patients who have LVEF ≤ 30%, ischemic case of HF, sinus rhythm, LBBB with a QRS duration ≥ 150ms, and NYHA class I symptoms on GDMT, CRT may be considered to reduce hospitalizations and improve symptoms and QOL. ^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35] (Level of Evidence: B-R) "

Class III (No Benefit)
"14. In patients with QRS duration < 120 ms, CRT is not recommended. ^[38]^[39]^[40]^[41]^[42]^[43](Level of Evidence: B-R) "
"15. For patients with NYHA class I or II symptoms and non-LBBB pattern with QRS durati150 ms, CRT is not recommended.^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[1]^[11]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23] (Level of Evidence: C-LD) "

Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines

The CHF Living Guidelines: Vote on current recommendations and suggest revisions to the guidelines

External Links

The ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult ^[44]

2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation ^[45]

References

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↑ Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American College of Chest Physicians; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005 Sep 20; 112(12): e154-235. Epub 2005 Sep 13. PMID 16160202
↑ Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009) 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 119 (14):1977-2016. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 PMID: 19324967

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[pmid15659722-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson J, Johnson G, McNulty SE, Clapp-Channing N, Davidson-Ray LD, Fraulo ES, Fishbein DP, Luceri RM, Ip JH (2005). "Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (3): 225–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa043399. PMID 15659722. Retrieved 2012-04-03. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid11907286-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML (2002). "Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction". The New England Journal of Medicine. 346 (12): 877–83. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013474. PMID 11907286. Retrieved 2012-04-03. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid35363500-3] Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM; et al. (2022). "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 145 (18): e876–e894. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062. PMID 35363500 Check |pmid= value (help).

[pmid9411221-4] Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators (1997). "A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias". N Engl J Med. 337 (22): 1576–83. doi:10.1056/NEJM199711273372202. PMID 9411221.

[pmid10942742-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Kuck KH, Cappato R, Siebels J, Rüppel R (2000). "Randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest : the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH)". Circulation. 102 (7): 748–54. doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.7.748. PMID 10942742.

[pmid10725290-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Connolly SJ, Gent M, Roberts RS, Dorian P, Roy D, Sheldon RS; et al. (2000). "Canadian implantable defibrillator study (CIDS) : a randomized trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone". Circulation. 101 (11): 1297–302. doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.11.1297. PMID 10725290.

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[pmid:_11907286-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS; et al. (2002). "Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction". N Engl J Med. 346 (12): 877–83. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013474. PMID 11907286 : 11907286 Check |pmid= value (help). Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):81

[pmid15152060-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes NA, Anderson KP; et al. (2004). "Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy". N Engl J Med. 350 (21): 2151–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa033088. PMID 15152060. Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):61

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[pmid9626173-15] Mushlin AI, Hall WJ, Zwanziger J, Gajary E, Andrews M, Marron R; et al. (1998). "The cost-effectiveness of automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators: results from MADIT. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial". Circulation. 97 (21): 2129–35. doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.21.2129. PMID 9626173.

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[pmid12063368-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 ^18.4 ^18.5 ^18.6 ^18.7 ^18.8 Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E; et al. (2002). "Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure". N Engl J Med. 346 (24): 1845–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013168. PMID 12063368. Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82

[pmid15152059-19] 19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 ^19.3 ^19.4 ^19.5 ^19.6 ^19.7 ^19.8 Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T; et al. (2004). "Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure". N Engl J Med. 350 (21): 2140–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa032423. PMID 15152059. Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60

[pmid15753115-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 ^20.5 ^20.6 ^20.7 ^20.8 Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L; et al. (2005). "The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure". N Engl J Med. 352 (15): 1539–49. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa050496. PMID 15753115. Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29

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[Hunt-44] Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American College of Chest Physicians; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005 Sep 20; 112(12): e154-235. Epub 2005 Sep 13. PMID 16160202

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
+{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
+|-
+| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Congestive heart failure resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
+| [[Acute decompensated heart failure resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
+|}
+{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
+|-
+| [[File:Critical_Pathways.gif|88px|link= Congestive heart failure critical pathways]]|| <br> || <br>
+|}
 {{Congestive heart failure}}
-'''Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' James Chang, M.D., Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, Harvard Medical School [mailto:jchang@caregroup.org] and [[User:C Michael Gibson|C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [mailto:mgibson@perfuse.org], Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, Harvard Medical School; {{AOEIC}} {{LG}}
+'''Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' James Chang, M.D., Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, Harvard Medical School [mailto:jchang@caregroup.org] and [[User:C Michael Gibson|C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]] [mailto:charlesmichaelgibson@gmail.com], Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston MA, Harvard Medical School; {{AOEIC}} {{LG}} {{EdzelCo}}
 ==Overview==
-*50% of heart failure patients die of [[sudden cardiac death]].
+Fifty percent of patients with [[heart failure]] die of [[sudden cardiac death]]. [[ICD]]s are indicated for patients with previous [[myocardial infarction]] and an [[LVEF]] <30%, sustained [[ventricular tachycardia]], inducible ventricular tachycardia. The morbidity and mortality benefit of ICD placement compared with anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is controversial.
-*ICDs are indicated for patients with previous myocardial infarction and LVEF <30%, sustained ventricular tachycardia, inducible ventricular tachycardia.
-*Morbidity/mortality benefit of ICD placement vs. anti-arrhythmic drug therapy is controversial.
 ==Indications for an Intracardiac Defibrillator==
@@ Line 34: / Line 41: @@
 *[[ICD]] implantation has NOT been demonstrated to prolong life in patients who are severely symptomatic or otherwise profoundly debilitated ([[New york heart association functional classification|NYHA class IV]]).
-==ACC/AHA Guidelines- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recommendation <ref name="Hunt"> Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American College of Chest Physicians; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005 Sep 20; 112(12): e154-235. Epub 2005 Sep 13. PMID 16160202</ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref>==
+== 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref>==
+===[[ICDs]] and CRTs===
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' In [[patients]] with nonischemic DCM or [[ischemic heart disease]] at least 40 days post-[[MI]] with [[LVEF]] ≤ 35% and [[NYHA]] class II or III [[symptoms]] or chronic GDMT, who have reasonable expectation of meaningful [[survival]] for >1 year, [[ICD therapy]] is recommended for [[primary prevention]] of [[SCD]] to reduce total [[mortality]]. <ref name="pmid9411221">{{cite journal| author=Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators| title=A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1997 | volume= 337 | issue= 22 | pages= 1576-83 | pmid=9411221 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199711273372202 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9411221  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10942742">{{cite journal| author=Kuck KH, Cappato R, Siebels J, Rüppel R| title=Randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest : the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). | journal=Circulation | year= 2000 | volume= 102 | issue= 7 | pages= 748-54 | pmid=10942742 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.102.7.748 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10942742  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10725290">{{cite journal| author=Connolly SJ, Gent M, Roberts RS, Dorian P, Roy D, Sheldon RS | display-authors=etal| title=Canadian implantable defibrillator study (CIDS) : a randomized trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone. | journal=Circulation | year= 2000 | volume= 101 | issue= 11 | pages= 1297-302 | pmid=10725290 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.101.11.1297 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10725290  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8960472">{{cite journal| author=Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Klein H | display-authors=etal| title=Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 335 | issue= 26 | pages= 1933-40 | pmid=8960472 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199612263352601 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8960472  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10601507">{{cite journal| author=Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Hafley G| title=A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1999 | volume= 341 | issue= 25 | pages= 1882-90 | pmid=10601507 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199912163412503 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10601507  }} </ref><ref name="pmid: 11907286">{{cite journal| author=Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS | display-authors=etal| title=Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 12 | pages= 877-83 | pmid=: 11907286 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013474 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11907286  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418821 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):81] </ref><ref name="pmid15152060">{{cite journal| author=Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes NA, Anderson KP | display-authors=etal| title=Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2151-8 | pmid=15152060 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033088 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152060  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518445 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):61] </ref><ref name="pmid15659722">{{cite journal| author=Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R | display-authors=etal| title=Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 3 | pages= 225-37 | pmid=15659722 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa043399 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15659722  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15989294 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Jul-Aug;143(1):6] </ref><ref name="pmid27571011">{{cite journal| author=Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbæk L, Korup E | display-authors=etal| title=Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 375 | issue= 13 | pages= 1221-30 | pmid=27571011 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1608029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27571011  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=27842392 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2016 Nov 15;165(10 ):JC55] </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|}
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:White"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Value Statement:High Value]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="White"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' A transvenous [[ICD]] provides high economic value in the [[primary prevention]] of [[SCD]] particularly when the [[patient]]'s risk of [[death]] caused by [[ventricular]] [[arrhythmia]] is deemed high and the risk of non-[[arrhythmic]] [[death]] (either [[cardiac]] or [[noncardiac]]) is deemed low based on the [[patient]]'s burden of [[comorbidities]] and functional status. <ref name="pmid15838065">{{cite journal| author=Al-Khatib SM, Anstrom KJ, Eisenstein EL, Peterson ED, Jollis JG, Mark DB | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical and economic implications of the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-II. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2005 | volume= 142 | issue= 8 | pages= 593-600 | pmid=15838065 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-142-8-200504190-00007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15838065  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19359333">{{cite journal| author=Cowie MR, Marshall D, Drummond M, Ferko N, Maschio M, Ekman M | display-authors=etal| title=Lifetime cost-effectiveness of prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator in patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function: results of Markov modelling in a European population. | journal=Europace | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 716-26 | pmid=19359333 | doi=10.1093/europace/eup068 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19359333  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16818817">{{cite journal| author=Mark DB, Nelson CL, Anstrom KJ, Al-Khatib SM, Tsiatis AA, Cowper PA | display-authors=etal| title=Cost-effectiveness of defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in chronic stable heart failure: results from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2006 | volume= 114 | issue= 2 | pages= 135-42 | pmid=16818817 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.581884 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16818817  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9626173">{{cite journal| author=Mushlin AI, Hall WJ, Zwanziger J, Gajary E, Andrews M, Marron R | display-authors=etal| title=The cost-effectiveness of automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators: results from MADIT. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial. | journal=Circulation | year= 1998 | volume= 97 | issue= 21 | pages= 2129-35 | pmid=9626173 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.97.21.2129 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9626173  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16207849">{{cite journal| author=Sanders GD, Hlatky MA, Owens DK| title=Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 353 | issue= 14 | pages= 1471-80 | pmid=16207849 | doi=10.1056/NEJMsa051989 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16207849  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16539367 Review in: ACP J Club. 2006 Mar-Apr;144(2):52] </ref><ref name="pmid16750701">{{cite journal| author=Zwanziger J, Hall WJ, Dick AW, Zhao H, Mushlin AI, Hahn RM | display-authors=etal| title=The cost effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: results from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT)-II. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2006 | volume= 47 | issue= 11 | pages= 2310-8 | pmid=16750701 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.032 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16750701  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|}
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGReen"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' In [[patients]] at least 40 days post-[[MI]] with [[LVEF]] ≤ 30% and [[NYHA]] class I [[symptoms]] while receiving GDMT, who have reasonable expectation of meaningful [[survival]] for > 1 year, [[ICD therapy]] is recommended for [[primary preve≤ntion]] of [[SCD]] to reduce total [[mortality]]. <ref name="pmid11907286">{{cite journal| author=Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS | display-authors=etal| title=Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 12 | pages= 877-83 | pmid=11907286 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013474 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11907286  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418821 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):81] </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' For [[patients]] who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 35%, [[sinus rhythm]], [[LBBB]] with a [[QRS duration]] ≥150ms, and [[NYHA]] class II, III, or ambulatory IV [[symptoms]] on GDMT, CRT is indicated to reduce total [[mortality]], reduce [[hospitalizations]], and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]].<ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref>   ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|}
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:White"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Value Statement:High Value]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="White"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' For [[patients]] who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 35%, [[sinus rhythm]], [[LBBB]] with a [[QRS duration]] of ≥ 150ms, and [[NYHA]] class II, III, or ambulatory class IV [[symptoms]] on GDMT, CRT implementation provides high economic value. <ref name="pmid16360064">{{cite journal| author=Feldman AM, de Lissovoy G, Bristow MR, Saxon LA, De Marco T, Kass DA | display-authors=etal| title=Cost effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2005 | volume= 46 | issue= 12 | pages= 2311-21 | pmid=16360064 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16360064  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28254126">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Padhiar A, Mealing S, Sidhu MK, Tsintzos SI, Abraham WT| title=Economic Value and Cost-Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Among Patients With Mild Heart Failure: Projections From the REVERSE Long-Term Follow-Up. | journal=JACC Heart Fail | year= 2017 | volume= 5 | issue= 3 | pages= 204-212 | pmid=28254126 | doi=10.1016/j.jchf.2016.10.014 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28254126  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16555866">{{cite journal| author=Heerey A, Lauer M, Alsolaiman F, Czerr J, James K| title=Cost effectiveness of biventricular pacemakers in heart failure patients. | journal=Am J Cardiovasc Drugs | year= 2006 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 129-37 | pmid=16555866 | doi=10.2165/00129784-200606020-00007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16555866  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15353425">{{cite journal| author=Nichol G, Kaul P, Huszti E, Bridges JF| title=Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with symptomatic heart failure. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2004 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 343-51 | pmid=15353425 | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-141-5-200409070-00102 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15353425  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22913474">{{cite journal| author=Noyes K, Veazie P, Hall WJ, Zhao H, Buttaccio A, Thevenet-Morrison K | display-authors=etal| title=Cost-effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the MADIT-CRT trial. | journal=J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | year= 2013 | volume= 24 | issue= 1 | pages= 66-74 | pmid=22913474 | doi=10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02413.x | pmc=3711178 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22913474  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26301323">{{cite journal| author=Woo CY, Strandberg EJ, Schmiegelow MD, Pitt AL, Hlatky MA, Owens DK | display-authors=etal| title=Cost-Effectiveness of Adding Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy to an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Among Patients With Mild Heart Failure. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2015 | volume= 163 | issue= 6 | pages= 417-26 | pmid=26301323 | doi=10.7326/M14-1804 | pmc=8105088 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26301323  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=26887422 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2016 Jun;21(3):88] </ref>    ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|}
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''6.'''For [[patients]] who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 35%, [[sinus rhythm]], a non-[[LBBB]] pattern with a [[QRS duration]] ≥ 150ms, and [[NYHA]] class II, III, or ambulatory class IV [[symptoms]] on GDMT, CRT can be useful to reduce total [[mortality]], reduce [[hospitalizations]], and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]]. <ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref>  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''7.''' In [[patients]] with high-degree or [[complete heart block]] and [[LVEF]] of 36% to 50%, CRT is reasonable to reduce total [[mortality]], reduce [[hospitalizations]], and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]]. <ref name="pmid23924013">{{cite journal| author=Curtis AB| title=Biventricular pacing for atrioventricular block and systolic dysfunction. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2013 | volume= 369 | issue= 6 | pages= 579 | pmid=23924013 | doi=10.1056/NEJMc1306998 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23924013  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16302897">{{cite journal| author=Doshi RN, Daoud EG, Fellows C, Turk K, Duran A, Hamdan MH | display-authors=etal| title=Left ventricular-based cardiac stimulation post AV nodal ablation evaluation (the PAVE study). | journal=J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol | year= 2005 | volume= 16 | issue= 11 | pages= 1160-5 | pmid=16302897 | doi=10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.50062.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16302897  }} </ref>  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''8.''' For [[patients]] who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 35%, [[sinus rhythm]], [[LBBB]] with a [[QRS duration]] of 120 to 149 ms, and [[NYHA]] class II, III, or ambulatory IV [[symptoms]] on GDMT, CRT can be useful to reduce total [[mortality]] reduce [[hospitalizations]], and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]]. <ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''9.''' In [[patients]] with [[AF]] and [[LVEF]] ≤ 35% on GDMT, CRT can be useful to reduce total [[mortality]], improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]], and increase [[LVEF]], if: a) the [[patient]] requires [[ventricular pacing]] or otherwise meets CRT criteria and b) [[atrioventricular nodal ablation]] or [[pharmacological]] [[rate control]] will allow near 100% [[ventricular pacing]] with CRT. <ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref>  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''10.''' For [[patients]] on GDMT who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 35% and are undergoing placement of a new or replacement device implantation with anticipated requirement for significant (>40%) [[ventricular pacing]], CRT can be useful to reduce total [[mortality]], reduce [[hospitalizations]], and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]]. <ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref>  ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''11.''' In [[patients]] with [[genetic]] [[arrhythmogenic]] [[cardiomyopathy]] with high-risk features of [[sudden death]], with [[EF]] ≤ 45%, [[implantation]] of [[ICD]] is reasonable to decrease sudden death. <ref name="pmid24503780">{{cite journal| author=Pugh TJ, Kelly MA, Gowrisankar S, Hynes E, Seidman MA, Baxter SM | display-authors=etal| title=The landscape of genetic variation in dilated cardiomyopathy as surveyed by clinical DNA sequencing. | journal=Genet Med | year= 2014 | volume= 16 | issue= 8 | pages= 601-8 | pmid=24503780 | doi=10.1038/gim.2013.204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24503780  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31514951">{{cite journal| author=Gigli M, Merlo M, Graw SL, Barbati G, Rowland TJ, Slavov DB | display-authors=etal| title=Genetic Risk of Arrhythmic Phenotypes in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2019 | volume= 74 | issue= 11 | pages= 1480-1490 | pmid=31514951 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.072 | pmc=6750731 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31514951  }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|}
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''12.''' For [[patients]] who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 35%, [[sinus rhythm]], a non-[[LBBB]] pattern with [[QRS duration]] of 120 to 149 ms, and NYHA class III or ambulatory class IV on GDMT, CRT may be considered to reduce total [[mortality]], reduce [[hospitalizations]], and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]]. <ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|-
+|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''13.'''For [[patients]] who have [[LVEF]] ≤ 30%, [[ischemic]] case of [[HF]], [[sinus rhythm]], [[LBBB]] with a [[QRS duration]] ≥ 150ms, and [[NYHA]] class I [[symptoms]] on GDMT, CRT may be considered to reduce [[hospitalizations]] and improve [[symptoms]] and [[QOL]]. <ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|}
+{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
+|-
+| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (No Benefit)
-{|class="wikitable"
 |-
-| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
+|bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''14.''' In [[patients]] with [[QRS duration]] < 120 ms, CRT is not recommended. <ref name="pmid24503780">{{cite journal| author=Pugh TJ, Kelly MA, Gowrisankar S, Hynes E, Seidman MA, Baxter SM | display-authors=etal| title=The landscape of genetic variation in dilated cardiomyopathy as surveyed by clinical DNA sequencing. | journal=Genet Med | year= 2014 | volume= 16 | issue= 8 | pages= 601-8 | pmid=24503780 | doi=10.1038/gim.2013.204 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24503780  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31514951">{{cite journal| author=Gigli M, Merlo M, Graw SL, Barbati G, Rowland TJ, Slavov DB | display-authors=etal| title=Genetic Risk of Arrhythmic Phenotypes in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2019 | volume= 74 | issue= 11 | pages= 1480-1490 | pmid=31514951 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.072 | pmc=6750731 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31514951  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31078652">{{cite journal| author=Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC | display-authors=etal| title=2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2019 | volume= 16 | issue= 11 | pages= e301-e372 | pmid=31078652 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31078652  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19723701">{{cite journal| author=Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Klein H, Brown MW, Daubert JP | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 361 | issue= 14 | pages= 1329-38 | pmid=19723701 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0906431 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19723701  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17986493">{{cite journal| author=Beshai JF, Grimm RA, Nagueh SF, Baker JH, Beau SL, Greenberg SM | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with narrow QRS complexes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 24 | pages= 2461-71 | pmid=17986493 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0706695 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17986493  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23998714">{{cite journal| author=Ruschitzka F, Abraham WT, Singh JP, Bax JJ, Borer JS, Brugada J | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in heart failure with a narrow QRS complex. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2013 | volume= 369 | issue= 15 | pages= 1395-405 | pmid=23998714 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1306687 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23998714  }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-R]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 |-
-| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' An [[implantable cardioverter deﬁbrillator]] is recommended as secondary prevention to prolong survival in patients with current or prior symptoms of [[heart failure]] and reduced [[left ventricular ejection fraction]] ([[LVEF]]) who have a history of [[cardiac arrest]], [[ventricular ﬁbrillation]], or hemodynamically destabilizing [[ventricular tachycardia]].<ref name="pmid15238454">{{cite journal |author=Bokhari F, Newman D, Greene M, Korley V, Mangat I, Dorian P |title=Long-term comparison of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator versus amiodarone: eleven-year follow-up of a subset of patients in the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS) |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=112–6 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15238454 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000134957.51747.6E |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15238454 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid16818817">{{cite journal |author=Mark DB, Nelson CL, Anstrom KJ, Al-Khatib SM, Tsiatis AA, Cowper PA, Clapp-Channing NE, Davidson-Ray L, Poole JE, Johnson G, Anderson J, Lee KL, Bardy GH |title=Cost-effectiveness of defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in chronic stable heart failure: results from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=135–42 |year=2006 |month=July |pmid=16818817 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.581884 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16818817 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid15659722">{{cite journal |author=Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson J, Johnson G, McNulty SE, Clapp-Channing N, Davidson-Ray LD, Fraulo ES, Fishbein DP, Luceri RM, Ip JH |title=Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=352 |issue=3 |pages=225–37 |year=2005 |month=January |pmid=15659722 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa043399 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043399 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''15.''' For [[patients]] with [[NYHA]] class I or II [[symptoms]] and non-[[LBBB]] pattern with [[QRS durati]]150 ms, CRT is not recommended.<ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref><ref name="pmid22305845">{{cite journal| author=Sipahi I, Chou JC, Hyden M, Rowland DY, Simon DI, Fang JC| title=Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2012 | volume= 163 | issue= 2 | pages= 260-7.e3 | pmid=22305845 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2011.11.014 | pmc=4113034 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22305845  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19505883">{{cite journal| author=Gervais R, Leclercq C, Shankar A, Jacobs S, Eiskjaer H, Johannessen A | display-authors=etal| title=Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub-analysis of the CARE-HF trial. | journal=Eur J Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 11 | issue= 7 | pages= 699-705 | pmid=19505883 | doi=10.1093/eurjhf/hfp074 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505883  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21357819">{{cite journal| author=Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, Hall WJ, McNitt S, Brown M | display-authors=etal| title=Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by QRS Morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). | journal=Circulation | year= 2011 | volume= 123 | issue= 10 | pages= 1061-72 | pmid=21357819 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21357819  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22781424">{{cite journal| author=Gold MR, Thébault C, Linde C, Abraham WT, Gerritse B, Ghio S | display-authors=etal| title=Effect of QRS duration and morphology on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in mild heart failure: results from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. | journal=Circulation | year= 2012 | volume= 126 | issue= 7 | pages= 822-9 | pmid=22781424 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.097709 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22781424  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23995437">{{cite journal| author=Birnie DH, Ha A, Higginson L, Sidhu K, Green M, Philippon F | display-authors=etal| title=Impact of QRS morphology and duration on outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy: Results from the Resynchronization-Defibrillation for Ambulatory Heart Failure Trial (RAFT). | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= 6 | pages= 1190-8 | pmid=23995437 | doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000380 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23995437  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21300176">{{cite journal| author=Nery PB, Ha AC, Keren A, Birnie DH| title=Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and right bundle branch block: a systematic review. | journal=Heart Rhythm | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 1083-7 | pmid=21300176 | doi=10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.01.041 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21300176  }} </ref ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B-NR]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 |-
-| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' [[Implantable cardioverter deﬁbrillator]] therapy is recommended for primary prevention of [[sudden cardiac death]] to reduce total mortality in patients with [[Dilated cardiomyopathy#Implantable cardiac defibrillators in dilated cardiomyopathy|non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy]] or ischemic heart disease at least 40 days post-[[myocardial infarction]], a [[left ventricular ejection fraction]] ([[LVEF]]) less than or equal to 35%, and [[New york heart association functional classification|NYHA functional class II or III]] symptoms while receiving chronic optimal medical therapy, and who have reasonable expectation of survival with a good functional status for more than 1 year.<ref name="pmid18498951">{{cite journal |author=Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Faxon DP, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW |title=ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices) developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=51 |issue=21 |pages=e1–62 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18498951 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.02.032 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(08)00712-2 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid15659722">{{cite journal |author=Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R, Domanski M, Troutman C, Anderson J, Johnson G, McNulty SE, Clapp-Channing N, Davidson-Ray LD, Fraulo ES, Fishbein DP, Luceri RM, Ip JH |title=Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=352 |issue=3 |pages=225–37 |year=2005 |month=January |pmid=15659722 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa043399 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043399 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid17174229">{{cite journal |author=Hebert K, McKinnie J, Horswell R, Arcement L, Stevenson L |title=Expansion of heart failure device therapy into a rural indigent population in Louisiana: potential economic and health policy implications |journal=[[Journal of Cardiac Failure]] |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=689–93 |year=2006 |month=December |pmid=17174229 |doi=10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.08.214 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1071-9164(06)01112-2 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid10362200">{{cite journal |author=Knight BP, Goyal R, Pelosi F, Flemming M, Horwood L, Morady F, Strickberger SA |title=Outcome of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and unexplained syncope treated with an implantable defibrillator |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=1964–70 |year=1999 |month=June |pmid=10362200 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(99)00148-5 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid10590488">{{cite journal |author=Klein HU, Reek S |title=The MUSTT study: evaluating testing and treatment |journal=[[Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology : an International Journal of Arrhythmias and Pacing]] |volume=4 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=45–50 |year=2000 |month=January |pmid=10590488 |doi= |url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=1383-875X&volume=4%20Suppl%201&page=45 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid11907286">{{cite journal |author=Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML |title=Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=346 |issue=12 |pages=877–83 |year=2002 |month=March |pmid=11907286 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013474 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013474 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid11054618">{{cite journal |author=Hohnloser SH, Connolly SJ, Kuck KH, Dorian P, Fain E, Hampton JR, Hatala R, Pauly AC, Roberts RS, Themeles E, Gent M |title=The defibrillator in acute myocardial infarction trial (DINAMIT): study protocol |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=140 |issue=5 |pages=735–9 |year=2000 |month=November |pmid=11054618 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000287030027302X |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid12495391">{{cite journal |author=Wilkoff BL, Cook JR, Epstein AE, Greene HL, Hallstrom AP, Hsia H, Kutalek SP, Sharma A |title=Dual-chamber pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with an implantable defibrillator: the Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial |journal=[[JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=288 |issue=24 |pages=3115–23 |year=2002 |month=December |pmid=12495391 |doi= |url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12495391 |accessdate=2012-04-05}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
+|bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''16.''' For [[patients]] whose [[comorbidities]] or frailty limit [[survival]] with good functional capacity to <1 year, [[ICD]] and [[cardiac resynchronization therapy]] with [[defibrillation]] (CRT-D) are not indicated. <ref name="pmid9411221">{{cite journal| author=Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators| title=A comparison of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1997 | volume= 337 | issue= 22 | pages= 1576-83 | pmid=9411221 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199711273372202 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9411221  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10942742">{{cite journal| author=Kuck KH, Cappato R, Siebels J, Rüppel R| title=Randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest : the Cardiac Arrest Study Hamburg (CASH). | journal=Circulation | year= 2000 | volume= 102 | issue= 7 | pages= 748-54 | pmid=10942742 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.102.7.748 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10942742  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10725290">{{cite journal| author=Connolly SJ, Gent M, Roberts RS, Dorian P, Roy D, Sheldon RS | display-authors=etal| title=Canadian implantable defibrillator study (CIDS) : a randomized trial of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator against amiodarone. | journal=Circulation | year= 2000 | volume= 101 | issue= 11 | pages= 1297-302 | pmid=10725290 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.101.11.1297 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10725290  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8960472">{{cite journal| author=Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Klein H | display-authors=etal| title=Improved survival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arrhythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Investigators. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 335 | issue= 26 | pages= 1933-40 | pmid=8960472 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199612263352601 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8960472  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10601507">{{cite journal| author=Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, Josephson ME, Prystowsky EN, Hafley G| title=A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1999 | volume= 341 | issue= 25 | pages= 1882-90 | pmid=10601507 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199912163412503 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10601507  }} </ref><ref name="pmid: 11907286">{{cite journal| author=Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS | display-authors=etal| title=Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 12 | pages= 877-83 | pmid=: 11907286 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013474 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11907286  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418821 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):81] </ref><ref name="pmid15152060">{{cite journal| author=Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes NA, Anderson KP | display-authors=etal| title=Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2151-8 | pmid=15152060 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa033088 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152060  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518445 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):61] </ref><ref name="pmid15659722">{{cite journal| author=Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, Poole JE, Packer DL, Boineau R | display-authors=etal| title=Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 3 | pages= 225-37 | pmid=15659722 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa043399 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15659722  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15989294 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Jul-Aug;143(1):6] </ref><ref name="pmid27571011">{{cite journal| author=Køber L, Thune JJ, Nielsen JC, Haarbo J, Videbæk L, Korup E | display-authors=etal| title=Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2016 | volume= 375 | issue= 13 | pages= 1221-30 | pmid=27571011 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1608029 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27571011  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=27842392 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2016 Nov 15;165(10 ):JC55] </ref><ref name="pmid12063368">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, Delurgio DB, Leon AR, Loh E | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 346 | issue= 24 | pages= 1845-53 | pmid=12063368 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa013168 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12063368  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=12418822 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 Nov-Dec;137(3):82] </ref><ref name="pmid15152059">{{cite journal| author=Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, Krueger S, Kass DA, De Marco T | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 21 | pages= 2140-50 | pmid=15152059 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15152059  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=15518444 Review in: ACP J Club. 2004 Nov-Dec;141(3):60] </ref><ref name="pmid15753115">{{cite journal| author=Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Freemantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L | display-authors=etal| title=The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 15 | pages= 1539-49 | pmid=15753115 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa050496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15753115  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=16134903 Review in: ACP J Club. 2005 Sep-Oct;143(2):29] </ref><ref name="pmid19038680">{{cite journal| author=Linde C, Abraham WT, Gold MR, St John Sutton M, Ghio S, Daubert C | display-authors=etal| title=Randomized trial of cardiac resynchronization in mildly symptomatic heart failure patients and in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction and previous heart failure symptoms. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 52 | issue= 23 | pages= 1834-1843 | pmid=19038680 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19038680  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24678999">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg I, Kutyifa V, Klein HU, Cannom DS, Brown MW, Dan A | display-authors=etal| title=Survival with cardiac-resynchronization therapy in mild heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2014 | volume= 370 | issue= 18 | pages= 1694-701 | pmid=24678999 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1401426 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24678999  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21073365">{{cite journal| author=Tang AS, Wells GA, Talajic M, Arnold MO, Sheldon R, Connolly S | display-authors=etal| title=Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for mild-to-moderate heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 25 | pages= 2385-95 | pmid=21073365 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1009540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21073365  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=21436182 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Oct;16(5):138-9] </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C-LD]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 |}
@@ Line 51: / Line 138: @@
 *[[The Living Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure | The CHF Living Guidelines: Vote on current recommendations and suggest revisions to the guidelines]]
-==Guidelines Resources==
+==External Links==
 *[http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/12/e154.full.pdf The ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult] <ref name="Hunt"> Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American College of Chest Physicians; International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2005 Sep 20; 112(12): e154-235. Epub 2005 Sep 13. PMID 16160202</ref>
@@ Line 58: / Line 145: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
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