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{{CMG}}, {{AE}} [[User:Edzelco|Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.]]
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==Overview==
There are several [[risk factors]] for [[gangrene]] and these include [[penetrating trauma]], [[blunt trauma]], recent [[surgery]], [[obesity]], [[alcoholism]], [[mucosal]] breach, [[skin]] breach, and [[immunosuppression]]. <ref name="pmid29211672">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bryant AE| title=Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2017 | volume= 377 | issue= 23 | pages= 2253-2265 | pmid=29211672 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1600673 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29211672  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17278065">{{cite journal| author=Anaya DA, Dellinger EP| title=Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 705-10 | pmid=17278065 | doi=10.1086/511638 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17278065  }} </ref>
<ref name="pmid15814880">{{cite journal| author=Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, Bayer AS | display-authors=etal| title=Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 14 | pages= 1445-53 | pmid=15814880 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa042683 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15814880  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15817551">{{cite journal| author=Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB| title=Necrotising fasciitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2005 | volume= 330 | issue= 7495 | pages= 830-3 | pmid=15817551 | doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7495.830 | pmc=556077 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15817551  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17586195">{{cite journal| author=Eneli I, Davies HD| title=Epidemiology and outcome of necrotizing fasciitis in children: an active surveillance study of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2007 | volume= 151 | issue= 1 | pages= 79-84, 84.e1 | pmid=17586195 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17586195  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8909829">{{cite journal| author=Aebi C, Ahmed A, Ramilo O| title=Bacterial complications of primary varicella in children. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1996 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 698-705 | pmid=8909829 | doi=10.1093/clinids/23.4.698 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8909829  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24861675">{{cite journal| author=Beaudoin AL, Torso L, Richards K, Said M, Van Beneden C, Longenberger A | display-authors=etal| title=Invasive group A Streptococcus infections associated with liposuction surgery at outpatient facilities not subject to state or federal regulation. | journal=JAMA Intern Med | year= 2014 | volume= 174 | issue= 7 | pages= 1136-42 | pmid=24861675 | doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1875 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24861675  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28586594">{{cite journal| author=Gupta Y, Chhetry M, Pathak KR, Jha RK, Ghimire N, Mishra BN | display-authors=etal| title=Risk Factors For Necrotizing Fasciitis And Its Outcome At A Tertiary Care Centre. | journal=J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad | year= 2016 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 680-682 | pmid=28586594 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28586594  }} </ref>


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
There are several [[risk factors]] for [[gangrene]] and these include [[penetrating trauma]], [[blunt trauma]], recent [[surgery]], [[obesity]], [[alcoholism]], [[mucosal breach]], [[skin breach]], and[[immunosuppression]]. <ref name="pmid29211672">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bryant AE| title=Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2017 | volume= 377 | issue= 23 | pages= 2253-2265 | pmid=29211672 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1600673 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29211672  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17278065">{{cite journal| author=Anaya DA, Dellinger EP| title=Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 705-10 | pmid=17278065 | doi=10.1086/511638 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17278065  }} </ref>  
There are several [[risk factors]] for [[gangrene]] and these include:
*[[Penetrating trauma]]
*[[Blunt trauma]]  
*Minor [[laceration]]
*Recent [[surgery]] ([[urologic]], [[colonic]] or [[gynecologic]] [[procedures]]).
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Mucosal]] breach ([[rectal fissures]], [[hemorrhoids]], [[episiotomy]])
*[[Skin]] breach ([[insect bite]], [[varicella lesion]], [[injection drug use]])
*[[Immunosuppression]] ([[cirrhosis]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[HIV]], etc.) <ref name="pmid29211672">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bryant AE| title=Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2017 | volume= 377 | issue= 23 | pages= 2253-2265 | pmid=29211672 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1600673 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29211672  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17278065">{{cite journal| author=Anaya DA, Dellinger EP| title=Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 44 | issue= 5 | pages= 705-10 | pmid=17278065 | doi=10.1086/511638 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17278065  }} </ref>  
<ref name="pmid15814880">{{cite journal| author=Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, Bayer AS | display-authors=etal| title=Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 14 | pages= 1445-53 | pmid=15814880 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa042683 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15814880  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15817551">{{cite journal| author=Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB| title=Necrotising fasciitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2005 | volume= 330 | issue= 7495 | pages= 830-3 | pmid=15817551 | doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7495.830 | pmc=556077 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15817551  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17586195">{{cite journal| author=Eneli I, Davies HD| title=Epidemiology and outcome of necrotizing fasciitis in children: an active surveillance study of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2007 | volume= 151 | issue= 1 | pages= 79-84, 84.e1 | pmid=17586195 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17586195  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8909829">{{cite journal| author=Aebi C, Ahmed A, Ramilo O| title=Bacterial complications of primary varicella in children. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1996 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 698-705 | pmid=8909829 | doi=10.1093/clinids/23.4.698 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8909829  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24861675">{{cite journal| author=Beaudoin AL, Torso L, Richards K, Said M, Van Beneden C, Longenberger A | display-authors=etal| title=Invasive group A Streptococcus infections associated with liposuction surgery at outpatient facilities not subject to state or federal regulation. | journal=JAMA Intern Med | year= 2014 | volume= 174 | issue= 7 | pages= 1136-42 | pmid=24861675 | doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1875 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24861675  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28586594">{{cite journal| author=Gupta Y, Chhetry M, Pathak KR, Jha RK, Ghimire N, Mishra BN | display-authors=etal| title=Risk Factors For Necrotizing Fasciitis And Its Outcome At A Tertiary Care Centre. | journal=J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad | year= 2016 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 680-682 | pmid=28586594 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28586594  }} </ref>
<ref name="pmid15814880">{{cite journal| author=Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, Bayer AS | display-authors=etal| title=Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 14 | pages= 1445-53 | pmid=15814880 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa042683 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15814880  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15817551">{{cite journal| author=Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB| title=Necrotising fasciitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2005 | volume= 330 | issue= 7495 | pages= 830-3 | pmid=15817551 | doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7495.830 | pmc=556077 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15817551  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid17586195">{{cite journal| author=Eneli I, Davies HD| title=Epidemiology and outcome of necrotizing fasciitis in children: an active surveillance study of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2007 | volume= 151 | issue= 1 | pages= 79-84, 84.e1 | pmid=17586195 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17586195  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8909829">{{cite journal| author=Aebi C, Ahmed A, Ramilo O| title=Bacterial complications of primary varicella in children. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 1996 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 698-705 | pmid=8909829 | doi=10.1093/clinids/23.4.698 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8909829  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid24861675">{{cite journal| author=Beaudoin AL, Torso L, Richards K, Said M, Van Beneden C, Longenberger A | display-authors=etal| title=Invasive group A Streptococcus infections associated with liposuction surgery at outpatient facilities not subject to state or federal regulation. | journal=JAMA Intern Med | year= 2014 | volume= 174 | issue= 7 | pages= 1136-42 | pmid=24861675 | doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1875 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24861675  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid28586594">{{cite journal| author=Gupta Y, Chhetry M, Pathak KR, Jha RK, Ghimire N, Mishra BN | display-authors=etal| title=Risk Factors For Necrotizing Fasciitis And Its Outcome At A Tertiary Care Centre. | journal=J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad | year= 2016 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 680-682 | pmid=28586594 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28586594  }} </ref>


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Latest revision as of 17:40, 14 July 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

There are several risk factors for gangrene and these include penetrating trauma, blunt trauma, recent surgery, obesity, alcoholism, mucosal breach, skin breach, and immunosuppression. [1] [2] [3][4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Risk Factors

There are several risk factors for gangrene and these include:

[3][4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stevens DL, Bryant AE (2017). "Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections". N Engl J Med. 377 (23): 2253–2265. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1600673. PMID 29211672.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Anaya DA, Dellinger EP (2007). "Necrotizing soft-tissue infection: diagnosis and management". Clin Infect Dis. 44 (5): 705–10. doi:10.1086/511638. PMID 17278065.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, Bayer AS; et al. (2005). "Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles". N Engl J Med. 352 (14): 1445–53. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa042683. PMID 15814880.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hasham S, Matteucci P, Stanley PR, Hart NB (2005). "Necrotising fasciitis". BMJ. 330 (7495): 830–3. doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7495.830. PMC 556077. PMID 15817551.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Eneli I, Davies HD (2007). "Epidemiology and outcome of necrotizing fasciitis in children: an active surveillance study of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program". J Pediatr. 151 (1): 79–84, 84.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.019. PMID 17586195.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Aebi C, Ahmed A, Ramilo O (1996). "Bacterial complications of primary varicella in children". Clin Infect Dis. 23 (4): 698–705. doi:10.1093/clinids/23.4.698. PMID 8909829.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Beaudoin AL, Torso L, Richards K, Said M, Van Beneden C, Longenberger A; et al. (2014). "Invasive group A Streptococcus infections associated with liposuction surgery at outpatient facilities not subject to state or federal regulation". JAMA Intern Med. 174 (7): 1136–42. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1875. PMID 24861675.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gupta Y, Chhetry M, Pathak KR, Jha RK, Ghimire N, Mishra BN; et al. (2016). "Risk Factors For Necrotizing Fasciitis And Its Outcome At A Tertiary Care Centre". J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 28 (4): 680–682. PMID 28586594.
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