Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, autoantibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor are present. These antibodies lead to internalization of NMDA receptors, disrupting synaptic plasticity and causing a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Antibodies and the tumors producing them | |||
|- | |||
! Antibodies | |||
! Antigens | |||
! Associated symptoms | |||
! Tumors | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-Hu (ANNA-1) | |||
| HuD | |||
| Encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, brain stem encephalitis, multi-segmental myelitis, sensory neuronopathy, sensory motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy | |||
| Lung cancer (85%), mostly SCLC, neuroblastoma, prostate carcinoma | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-Yo (PCA-1) | |||
| CDR2, CDR62 | |||
| Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration | |||
| Ovarian, breast cancer | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-CV2(CRMP5) | |||
| CRMP5 | |||
| Encephalomyelitis, polyneuropathy, optic neuritis, limbic encephalitis, choreatic syndromes, cerebellar degeneration | |||
| SCLC, thymoma | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-Ta/Ma2 | |||
| MA-proteins | |||
| Limbic encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, male>>female | |||
| Testicular cancer | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-Ri (ANNA-2) | |||
| NOVA-1 | |||
| Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome, rhombencephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, myelitis, jaw dystonia, laryngospasm | |||
| Breast, ovarian carcinoma, SCLC | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-amphiphysin | |||
| Amphiphysin | |||
| Stiff-person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, polyneuropathy | |||
| Breast cancer, SCLC | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-recoverin | |||
| Recoverin | |||
| Retinopathy | |||
| SCLC | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-SOX-1 (AGNA) | |||
| SOX-1 | |||
| Non-syndrome-specific | |||
| Sensitivity 67%, specificity 95% for SCLC in LEMS | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Partially characterized onconeural antibodies (antigen not characterized or positive predictive value for tumor unknown) | |||
|- | |||
! Antibodies | |||
! Antigens | |||
! Associated symptoms | |||
! Tumors | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-Tr (PCA-Tr) | |||
| DNER | |||
| Cerebellar degeneration | |||
| Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||
|- | |||
| Anti-Zic4 | |||
| ZIC1-4 | |||
| Cerebellar degeneration | |||
| SCLC | |||
|- | |||
| PCA-2 | |||
| 280 kD | |||
| Encephalitis, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, polyneuropathy | |||
| SCLC | |||
|- | |||
| ANNA-3 | |||
| 170 kD | |||
| Neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, limbic encephalitis | |||
| SCLC | |||
|} | |||
SCLC: Small cell lung carcinoma; LEMS: Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) DNER: delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Rheumatology]] | [[Category:Rheumatology]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
<ref name="pmid24360484">{{cite journal| author=Gresa-Arribas N, Titulaer MJ, Torrents A, Aguilar E, McCracken L, Leypoldt F | display-authors=etal| title=Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study. | journal=Lancet Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 13 | issue= 2 | pages= 167-77 | pmid=24360484 | doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70282-5 | pmc=4006368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24360484 }} </ref> | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:13, 13 May 2023
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Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis Microchapters |
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Differentiating Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis from Other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causes |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; AE Dheeraj Makkar, M.D.[2]
Overview
In anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, autoantibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor are present. These antibodies lead to internalization of NMDA receptors, disrupting synaptic plasticity and causing a range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms.
Causes
| Antibodies | Antigens | Associated symptoms | Tumors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Hu (ANNA-1) | HuD | Encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, brain stem encephalitis, multi-segmental myelitis, sensory neuronopathy, sensory motor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy | Lung cancer (85%), mostly SCLC, neuroblastoma, prostate carcinoma |
| Anti-Yo (PCA-1) | CDR2, CDR62 | Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration | Ovarian, breast cancer |
| Anti-CV2(CRMP5) | CRMP5 | Encephalomyelitis, polyneuropathy, optic neuritis, limbic encephalitis, choreatic syndromes, cerebellar degeneration | SCLC, thymoma |
| Anti-Ta/Ma2 | MA-proteins | Limbic encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, male>>female | Testicular cancer |
| Anti-Ri (ANNA-2) | NOVA-1 | Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome, rhombencephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, myelitis, jaw dystonia, laryngospasm | Breast, ovarian carcinoma, SCLC |
| Anti-amphiphysin | Amphiphysin | Stiff-person syndrome, limbic encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, polyneuropathy | Breast cancer, SCLC |
| Anti-recoverin | Recoverin | Retinopathy | SCLC |
| Anti-SOX-1 (AGNA) | SOX-1 | Non-syndrome-specific | Sensitivity 67%, specificity 95% for SCLC in LEMS |
| Antibodies | Antigens | Associated symptoms | Tumors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-Tr (PCA-Tr) | DNER | Cerebellar degeneration | Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| Anti-Zic4 | ZIC1-4 | Cerebellar degeneration | SCLC |
| PCA-2 | 280 kD | Encephalitis, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, polyneuropathy | SCLC |
| ANNA-3 | 170 kD | Neuropathy, cerebellar degeneration, limbic encephalitis | SCLC |
SCLC: Small cell lung carcinoma; LEMS: Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) DNER: delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor
References
- ↑ Gresa-Arribas N, Titulaer MJ, Torrents A, Aguilar E, McCracken L, Leypoldt F; et al. (2014). "Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study". Lancet Neurol. 13 (2): 167–77. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70282-5. PMC 4006368. PMID 24360484.