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| {{Atrial septal defect}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Atrial septal defect risk factors]] |
| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [[mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]]; {{CZ}}; '''Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]]
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| ==Overview==
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| As is common with most congenital heart conditions, the exact cause of atrial septal defect is not known. Research suggests a potential link between genetic conditions such as [[Down syndrome]] and the development of an atrial septal defect. Other potential causes include exposure to environmental contaminants such as [[rubella]] as well as [[alcohol]] consumption.
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| ==Causes==
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| * The cause of atrial septal defect is not known. There does appear to be a genetic component to the disease as it often occurs in patients with [[Down syndrome]]. [[Atrial septal defect]]s are often associated with other malformations. There is a well described association with primum or secundum ASDs with [[Down syndrome]]. Other associated lesions include:
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| **[[total anomalous pulmonary venous return | partially anomalous pulmonary venous return]]
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| **[[pulmonary valve stenosis]]
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| **[[mitral stenosis]] or [[mitral valve prolapse]]
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| **[[ventricular septal defects]]
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| **[[coarctation of the aorta]]
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| As a parent, if you or a sibling of a child have a [[congenital heart defect]], then you should consider [[genetic counseling]].
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| * There are a small group of [[atrial septal defect|ASDs]] that may have a familial occurrence <ref name="pmid9610535">{{cite journal| author=Benson DW, Sharkey A, Fatkin D, Lang P, Basson CT, McDonough B et al.| title=Reduced penetrance, variable expressivity, and genetic heterogeneity of familial atrial septal defects. | journal=Circulation | year= 1998 | volume= 97 | issue= 20 | pages= 2043-8 | pmid=9610535 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>.
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| * If the mother contracts [[rubella]] (german measles) during pregnancy, this can increase the risk of [[congenital heart disease]]. In one study, exposure to [[alcohol]] during pregnancy doubled the risk of an [[atrial septal defect]]<ref name="pmid1397217">{{cite journal| author=Tikkanen J, Heinonen OP| title=Risk factors for atrial septal defect. | journal=Eur J Epidemiol | year= 1992 | volume= 8 | issue= 4 | pages= 509-15 | pmid=1397217 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
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| [[Category:Pediatrics]]
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| [[Category:Mature chapter]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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