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| {{Zollinger-Ellison}} | | {{Zollinger-Ellison}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Zollinger-Ellison overview|Overview]]== |
| '''Zollinger-Ellison syndrome''' is a disorder where increased levels of the hormone [[gastrin]] are produced, causing the [[stomach]] to produce excess [[hydrochloric acid]]. Often, the cause is a tumor ([[gastrinoma]]) of the [[duodenum]] or [[pancreas]] producing the hormone [[gastrin]]. Gastrin then causes an excessive production of acid which can lead to peptic ulcers (in almost 95% of patients)
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| Gastrin works on stomach [[parietal cell]]s causing them to [[Hydrogen potassium ATPase|secrete]] more [[hydrogen ion]]s into the stomach lumen. In addition, gastrin acts as a trophic factor for parietal cells, causing parietal cell hyperplasia. Thus, there is an increase in the number of acid secreting cells and each of these cells produces acid at a higher rate. The increase in acidity contributes to the development of [[peptic ulcer]]s in the stomach and duodenum.
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| High acid levels lead to multiple [[ulcer]]s in the stomach and small bowel.
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| Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and [[diarrhea]]. The diagnosis is also suspected in patients without symptoms who have severe ulceration of the stomach and small bowel, especially if they fail to respond to treatment.
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| Gastrinomas may occur as single tumors or as multiple, small tumors. About one-half to two-thirds of single gastrinomas are [[malignant]] tumors that most commonly spread to the [[liver]] and [[lymph node]]s near the pancreas and small bowel. Nearly 25 percent of patients with gastrinomas have multiple tumors as part of a condition called [[multiple endocrine neoplasia]] type I (MEN I). MEN I patients have tumors in their [[pituitary gland]] and [[parathyroid gland]]s in addition to tumors of the pancreas.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |