Complement deficiency: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{SK}} Hypocomplementemia | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Complement deficiency''' is an [[immunodeficiency]] of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the [[complement system]] proteins.<ref name="GorbachBartlett2004">{{cite book|author1=Sherwood L. Gorbach|author2=John G. Bartlett|author3=Neil R. Blacklow|title=Infectious diseases|url=http://books.google.com/?id=91altE1evAsC&pg=PA11|accessdate=30 May 2010|year=2004|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-3371-7|pages=11–}}</ref> | |||
The disorders can be divided into two categories: | |||
* Disorders of the proteins that act to ''inhibit'' the complement system (such as [[C1-inhibitor]]) can lead to an ''overactive'' response, causing conditions such as [[hereditary angioedema]] and [[hemolytic-uremic syndrome]]. | |||
'' | * Disorders of the proteins that act to ''activate'' the complement system (such as [[C3 (complement)|C3]]) can lead to an ''underactive'' response, causing greater susceptibility to infections. | ||
Because there are redundancies in the [[immune system]], many complement disorders are never diagnosed. A recent study estimated that less than 10% are identified.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sjöholm AG, Jönsson G, Braconier JH, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L |title=Complement deficiency and disease: an update |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=43 |issue=1–2 |pages=78–85 |year=2006 |pmid=16026838 |doi=10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.025}}</ref> | |||
==Hypocomplementemia== | |||
The term "hypocomplementemia" is a more general term used to describe decreased complement levels.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|four/000051548|hypocomplementemia}}</ref> The term "secondary complement disorder" is sometimes used to refer to low complement levels that are not directly due to a genetic cause but secondary to another medical condition.<ref>http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136368-overview</ref> | |||
These levels can be used to distinguish conditions: | |||
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] causes low [[Complement component 3|C3]] and [[Complement component 4|C4]] | |||
* [[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]] causes low C3, but normal C4 | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] | * [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] | ||
==References== | == References == | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
{{ | |||
{{Lymphoid and complement immunodeficiency}} | |||
[[Category:Noninfectious immunodeficiency-related cutaneous conditions]] | |||
[[Category:Complement deficiency]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:22, 31 July 2012
| Complement deficiency | |
| ICD-10 | D84.1 |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 279.8 |
| OMIM | 217000 120820, 120900, 610102 |
| DiseasesDB | 1847 Template:DiseasesDB2, Template:DiseasesDB2, Template:DiseasesDB2, Template:DiseasesDB2 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Hypocomplementemia
Overview
Complement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins.[1]
The disorders can be divided into two categories:
- Disorders of the proteins that act to inhibit the complement system (such as C1-inhibitor) can lead to an overactive response, causing conditions such as hereditary angioedema and hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
- Disorders of the proteins that act to activate the complement system (such as C3) can lead to an underactive response, causing greater susceptibility to infections.
Because there are redundancies in the immune system, many complement disorders are never diagnosed. A recent study estimated that less than 10% are identified.[2]
Hypocomplementemia
The term "hypocomplementemia" is a more general term used to describe decreased complement levels.[3] The term "secondary complement disorder" is sometimes used to refer to low complement levels that are not directly due to a genetic cause but secondary to another medical condition.[4]
These levels can be used to distinguish conditions:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus causes low C3 and C4
- Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis causes low C3, but normal C4
See also
References
- ↑ Sherwood L. Gorbach; John G. Bartlett; Neil R. Blacklow (2004). Infectious diseases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-0-7817-3371-7. Retrieved 30 May 2010.
- ↑ Sjöholm AG, Jönsson G, Braconier JH, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L (2006). "Complement deficiency and disease: an update". Mol. Immunol. 43 (1–2): 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.025. PMID 16026838.
- ↑ Template:DorlandsDict
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136368-overview