Hierarchy of evidence: Difference between revisions
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'''Evidence hierarchies''' reflect the relative authority of various types of [[biomedical research]]. Although there is no single, universally-accepted hierarchy of evidence,<ref>Two examples of evidence hierarchies can be found in the [[evidence based medicine#qualification of evidence|qualification of evidence]] section of the Wikipedia article on [[evidence-based medicine]].</ref> there is broad agreement on the relative strength of the principal types of research. [[Randomized controlled trials]] (RCTs) rank above [[observational studies]], while expert opinion and anecdaotal experience are ranked at the bottom. Some evidence hierarchies place [[systematic review]] and [[meta analysis]] above RCTs, since these often combine data from multiple RCTs, and possibly from other study types as well. Evidence hierarchies are integral to [[evidence-based medicine]]. | '''Evidence hierarchies''' reflect the relative authority of various types of [[biomedical research]]. Although there is no single, universally-accepted hierarchy of evidence,<ref>Two examples of evidence hierarchies can be found in the [[evidence based medicine#qualification of evidence|qualification of evidence]] section of the Wikipedia article on [[evidence-based medicine]].</ref> there is broad agreement on the relative strength of the principal types of research. [[Randomized controlled trials]] (RCTs) rank above [[observational studies]], while expert opinion and anecdaotal experience are ranked at the bottom. Some evidence hierarchies place [[systematic review]] and [[meta analysis]] above RCTs, since these often combine data from multiple RCTs, and possibly from other study types as well. Evidence hierarchies are integral to [[evidence-based medicine]]. | ||
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1. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis | 1. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis | ||
2. Randomized Controlled Trials with definite results | 2. Randomized Controlled Trials with definite results | ||
3. Randomized Controlled Trials with no definite results | 3. Randomized Controlled Trials with no definite results | ||
4. Cohort Studies | 4. Cohort Studies | ||
5. Case-Control Studies | 5. Case-Control Studies | ||
6. Cross-Sectional Studies | 6. Cross-Sectional Studies | ||
7. Case Reports | 7. Case Reports | ||
8. Expert Opinion | 8. Expert Opinion | ||
9. Anecdotes | 9. Anecdotes | ||
Latest revision as of 15:59, 9 August 2012
Evidence hierarchies reflect the relative authority of various types of biomedical research. Although there is no single, universally-accepted hierarchy of evidence,[1] there is broad agreement on the relative strength of the principal types of research. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) rank above observational studies, while expert opinion and anecdaotal experience are ranked at the bottom. Some evidence hierarchies place systematic review and meta analysis above RCTs, since these often combine data from multiple RCTs, and possibly from other study types as well. Evidence hierarchies are integral to evidence-based medicine.
The use of evidence hierarchies has been criticized as allowing RCTs too much authority. Not all research questions can be answered through RCTs, either because of practical issues or because of ethical issues. Moreover, even when evidence is available from high-quality RCTs, evidence from other study types may still be relevant.
Ranking:
1. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis
2. Randomized Controlled Trials with definite results
3. Randomized Controlled Trials with no definite results
4. Cohort Studies
5. Case-Control Studies
6. Cross-Sectional Studies
7. Case Reports
8. Expert Opinion
9. Anecdotes
References
- ↑ Two examples of evidence hierarchies can be found in the qualification of evidence section of the Wikipedia article on evidence-based medicine.
External links
School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, "Hierarchy of evidence". http://www.shef.ac.uk/scharr/ir/units/systrev/hierarchy.htm. Accessed 2008-03-31.
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