Gliotoxin: Difference between revisions
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'''Gliotoxin''' is a [[sulfur|sulfur-containing]] [[antibiotic]] produced by some unrelated species of [[pathogen|pathogenic]] [[fungus|fungi]], such as ''[[Aspergillus]]'', ''[[Trichoderma]]'', and ''[[Penicillium]]'', and by the [[yeast]] ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]''. It was originally isolated from ''Gliocladium fimbriatum'', and was named accordingly. It is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabilite. | '''Gliotoxin''' is a [[sulfur|sulfur-containing]] [[antibiotic]] produced by some unrelated species of [[pathogen|pathogenic]] [[fungus|fungi]], such as ''[[Aspergillus]]'', ''[[Trichoderma]]'', and ''[[Penicillium]]'', and by the [[yeast]] ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]''. It was originally isolated from ''Gliocladium fimbriatum'', and was named accordingly. It is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabilite. | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
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*''Identification of an agent in cultures of ''Aspergillus fumigatus'' displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro'': A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985) | *''Identification of an agent in cultures of ''Aspergillus fumigatus'' displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro'': A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985) | ||
*R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988) ''Gliotoxin stimulates Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from intact rat liver mitochondria'': M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994) | *R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988) ''Gliotoxin stimulates Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from intact rat liver mitochondria'': M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994) | ||
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[[Category:Immunosuppressive agents]] | [[Category:Immunosuppressive agents]] | ||
[[de:Gliotoxin]] | [[de:Gliotoxin]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:52, 4 September 2012
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Patient resources on Gliotoxin Discussion groups on Gliotoxin Directions to Hospitals Treating Gliotoxin Risk calculators and risk factors for Gliotoxin
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Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic produced by some unrelated species of pathogenic fungi, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, and by the yeast Candida. It was originally isolated from Gliocladium fimbriatum, and was named accordingly. It is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabilite.
Gliotoxin possesses immunosuppressive properties as it may suppress and cause apoptosis in certain types of cells of the immune system, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and granulocytes. Causes apoptosis in macrophages and thymocytes. It also acts as an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase. It noncompetitively inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. In vivo it displays anti-inflammatory activity.[1] It acts by blocking thiol groups in the cell membranes.
References
- Identification of an agent in cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro: A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985)
- R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988) Gliotoxin stimulates Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria: M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994)
- Extracellular calcium is not required for gliotoxin or dexamethasone- induced DNA fragmentation: a reappraisal of the use of EGTA: P. Waring & A. Sjaarda; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17, 403 (1995)
External links
Gliotoxin product page from Fermentek