Emphysema risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Emphysema}} | |||
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==Overview== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
Patients with [[alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]] (A1AD) are more likely to suffer from [[emphysema]]. A1AD allows inflammatory enzymes (such as [[elastase]]) to destroy the [[Pulmonary alveolus|alveolar]] [[tissue (biology)|tissue]]. Most A1AD patients do not develop clinically significant [[emphysema]], but smoking and severely decreased A1AT levels (10-15%) can cause [[emphysema]] at a young age. The type of [[emphysema]] caused by A1AD is known as ''panacinar'' emphysema (involving the entire [[acinus]]) as opposed to ''centrilobular'' [[emphysema]], which is caused by smoking. Panacinar emphysema typically affects the lower lungs, while centrilobular emphysema affects the upper lungs. A1AD causes about 2% of all [[emphysema]]. Smokers with A1AD are at the greatest risk for [[emphysema]]. Mild [[emphysema]] can often develop into a severe case over a short period of time (1–2 weeks). | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | |||
[[Category:Aging-associated diseases]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:51, 25 September 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Risk Factors
Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD) are more likely to suffer from emphysema. A1AD allows inflammatory enzymes (such as elastase) to destroy the alveolar tissue. Most A1AD patients do not develop clinically significant emphysema, but smoking and severely decreased A1AT levels (10-15%) can cause emphysema at a young age. The type of emphysema caused by A1AD is known as panacinar emphysema (involving the entire acinus) as opposed to centrilobular emphysema, which is caused by smoking. Panacinar emphysema typically affects the lower lungs, while centrilobular emphysema affects the upper lungs. A1AD causes about 2% of all emphysema. Smokers with A1AD are at the greatest risk for emphysema. Mild emphysema can often develop into a severe case over a short period of time (1–2 weeks).