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{{Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)}}
'''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click [[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (patient information)|here]]'''


'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@perfuse.org]
'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:moh_sbeih@hotmail.com]Phone: 617-849-2629; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]


'''Related Key Words and Synonyms:''' Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, single incision laparoscopic surgery, minimally invasive surgery, transanal endoscopic microsurgery.
'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, Single incision laparoscopic surgery, Minimally invasive surgery, Transanal endoscopic microsurgery, Natural orifice surgery consortium for assessment and research, Society of american gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons.


==Overview==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) overview|Overview]]==
[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)]] is an experimental surgical technique whereby "scarless" abdominal operations can be performed. The surgeon accesses the peritoneal cavity or the thoracic cavity via a hollow viscus and performs diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. NOTES involves passing surgical instruments and a tiny camera through a natural orifice (mouth, urethra, anus, etc.), then the procedure can be performed through an internal incision in the stomach, vagina, bladder or colon, thus avoiding scars and external incisions through the skin, muscles, and nerves. The patients recover more quickly and experience less pain with better cosmetic results. The postoperative complications such as wound infections and hernias are significantly reduced.


Animal models and cadavers have been used to demonstrate the possible applications of NOTES, including abdominal cavity screening, abdominal organs biopsy, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, tubal ligation, gastrojejunostomy, partial hysterectomy, oophorectomy, colorectal resection and trans-esophageal myotomy.
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==Historical Perspective==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) experimental evolution|Experimental Evolution]]==
*Dimitri Ott from Russia performed transvaginal inspection of the peritoneal cavity in 1901.
*[[Laparoscopic surgery]] innovation was introduced in the late 1980s.
*The first reported human transgastric endoscopic appendectomy was in India in 2004 (by G.V. Rao and N. Reddy).
*NOTES was originally described in animals by researchers at Johns Hopkins University (Dr. Anthony Kalloo et al.).
*Senior leadership from the [[American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy]] (ASGE) and the [[Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons]] (SAGES) organized a working group of surgeons and gastroenterologists in 2006 to develop standards for the practice of NOTES. This group is known as the [[Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research]] (NOSCAR) <ref>[http://www.noscar.org/faq.php Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
*The first human transvaginal endoscopic cholecystectomy case was reported in 2007 <ref name="pmid17875836">{{cite journal |author=Marescaux J, Dallemagne B, Perretta S, Wattiez A, Mutter D, Coumaros D |title=Surgery without scars: report of transluminal cholecystectomy in a human being |journal=Arch Surg |volume=142 |issue=9 |pages=823–6; discussion 826–7 |year=2007 |month=September |pmid=17875836 |doi=10.1001/archsurg.142.9.823 |url=http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17875836 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref><ref name="pmid17892873">{{cite journal |author=Bessler M, Stevens PD, Milone L, Parikh M, Fowler D |title=Transvaginal laparoscopically assisted endoscopic cholecystectomy: a hybrid approach to natural orifice surgery |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=1243–5 |year=2007 |month=December |pmid=17892873 |doi=10.1016/j.gie.2007.08.017 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016-5107(07)02553-9 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>.
*Radical sigmoidectomy using a pure NOTES transanal approach was first described in 3 human cadavers in 2007 by Whiteford et al who used TEM as an endoscopic platform without the need for any abdominal incisions <ref name="pmid17705068">{{cite journal |author=Whiteford MH, Denk PM, Swanström LL |title=Feasibility of radical sigmoid colectomy performed as natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) using transanal endoscopic microsurgery |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1870–4 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17705068 |doi=10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9552-x |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>.
*EURO-NOTES Foundation, established in 2006 in cooperation between European Asociation for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) to focus on all activities regarding Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). The first meeting was in June 23, 2006 in Berlin/Germany.
*On June 25, 2007 Swanstrom and colleagues reported the first human transgastric cholecystectomy <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20071110233147/http://www.usgimedical.com/pr_transgastric_cholecystectomy.html NOTES Transgastric Cholecystectomy : USGI Medical<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
*Totally transvaginal cholecystectomy has been described in experimental model without using laparoscopic assistance <ref>{{cite journal |author=Sánchez-Margallo FM, Asencio JM, Tejonero MC, ''et al.'' |title=Technical feasibility of totally natural orifice cholecystectomy in a swine model |journal=Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=361–4 |year=2008 |pmid=18972251 |doi=10.1080/13645700802528199}}</ref>.
*In early March 2007, the NOTES Research Group in [[Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]], led by Dr. Ricardo Zorron, performed the first series of transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy in four patients, based in previous experimental studies.
* The first clinical case of a NOTES transanal resection for rectal cancer using TEM and laparoscopic assistance was performed at the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona by a team of surgeons from the Hospital Clinic in Barcelona and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston in November 2009 <ref name="pmid20186432">{{cite journal |author=Sylla P, Rattner DW, Delgado S, Lacy AM |title=NOTES transanal rectal cancer resection using transanal endoscopic microsurgery and laparoscopic assistance |journal=Surg Endosc |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=1205–10 |year=2010 |month=May |pmid=20186432 |doi=10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-010-0965-6 |accessdate=2012-02-15}}</ref>.
*In late 2008 surgeons from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine removed a healthy kidney from a woman donor using NOTES. The surgery was called transvaginal donor kidney extraction <ref name="InfoNIAC.com">{{cite news | title=Surgeons Remove Healthy Kidney Through Vagina | url=http://www.infoniac.com/health-fitness/remove-healthy-kidney-through-vagina.html | accessdate=2009-02-03 | publisher=InfoNIAC.com}}</ref>.


==NOTES Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques and The Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS)==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) advantages|Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques]]==


==Experimental Evolution==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) laboratory/clinical reports|What has been achieved so far?]]==


==What has been achieved so far?==  
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) challenges and drawbacks|Current Challenges and Drawbacks to Clinical Application of NOTES]]==
*Laboratory Reports
*Human Cases


==Current Challenges to Clinical Application of NOTES and the Drawbacks==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) human experience|Human Experience]]==


==Human Experience==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) potential applications|Potential Applications]]==


==Potential Applications==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) future directions|Future Directions]]==
*Transvaginal NOTES
*Transrectal NOTES
*Transgastric NOTES
*Transesophagea NOTES
*Transurethral/Transcystic NOTES


==Future Directions==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) current technological developments|Current Technological Developments]]==


==Current Technologic Developments==
==[[Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)|Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)]]==


==Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) conclusions|Conclusions]]==


==Conclusions==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) published trials|Published Trials]]==


==Published Studies==
==[[Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) videos|Videos]]==


==Videos==
==External Links==
*http://www.noscar.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/NOTES_White_Paper_Feb06.pdf
*http://www.noscar.org/
*http://www.dgav.de/english/notes.html
*http://www.euronotes.world.it/
*http://www.japan-medical-tourism.com/content/natural-orifice-translumenal-endoscopic-surgery-notes-japan


==External links==
==Acknowledgments==
 
Person who first created this page was '''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:moh_sbeih@hotmail.com]
==
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Surgery]]
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[[Category:For review]]
[[Category:For review]]
[[Category:General surgery]]
[[Category:General surgery]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]


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Latest revision as of 19:28, 1 November 2012

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Microchapters

Home

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Experimental Evolution

Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques

What has been achieved so far?

Challenges and Drawbacks

Human Experience

Potential Applications

Future Directions

Current Technological Developments

Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)

Conclusions

Published Trials

Videos

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Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

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Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

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For the WikiPatient page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [1]Phone: 617-849-2629; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery, Single incision laparoscopic surgery, Minimally invasive surgery, Transanal endoscopic microsurgery, Natural orifice surgery consortium for assessment and research, Society of american gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Experimental Evolution

Advantages Over Current Surgical Techniques

What has been achieved so far?

Current Challenges and Drawbacks to Clinical Application of NOTES

Human Experience

Potential Applications

Future Directions

Current Technological Developments

Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR)

Conclusions

Published Trials

Videos

External Links

Acknowledgments

Person who first created this page was Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [3]

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