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| | #REDIRECT:[[Mixed connective tissue disease]] |
| {{WikiDoc Cardiology Network Infobox}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| '''Associate Editor:''' {{CZ}}
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| ==Histopathological Findings==
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| There are no specific histologic findings that aid in the diagnosis of [[Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder]] as a separate autoimmune disease. For example, [[nephritis]] in [[MCTD]] is usually indistinguishable from [[lupus]] nephritis.
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="225" widths="225">
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| image:Fibrous Pericarditis in MCTD.jpg|Fibrous Pericarditis in MCTD
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| image:Cellular aggregates in perivascular space and adjacent myocardium.jpg|Cellular aggregates in perivascular space and adjacent myocardium
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="225" widths="225">
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| image:Cross Section of Intramural Coronary Artery.jpg|Cross Section of Intramural Coronary Artery
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| image:Small pulmonary artery in patient with MCTD and pulmonary hypertension.jpg|Small pulmonary artery in patient with MCTD and pulmnonary hypertension
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| ==Symptoms of MCTD==
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| ===Common symptoms===
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| *[[Raynaud’s phenomenon]]
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| *Swollen fingers or hands
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| ===Anti–U1 small nuclear RNP positive===
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| ===Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder Findings===
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| A.[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]–like findings
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| *[[Polyarthritis]]
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| *[[Lymphadenopathy]]
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| *Facial [[erythema]]
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| *[[Pericarditis]] or [[pleuritis]]
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| *[[Leukopenia]] (<4,000/mm3) or thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm3)
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| B.[[Scleroderma|Progressive Systemic Sclerosis]]–like findings
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| *[[Sclerodactyly]]
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| *[[Pulmonary fibrosis]], restrictive changes of the lung (forced vital capacity <80% of predicted), or reduced carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (<70% of predicted)
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| *Hypomotility or dilatation of esophagus
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| C.[[Polymyositis]]-like findings
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| *Muscle weakness
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| *Elevated serum level of muscle enzymes (creatine kinase)
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| *Myogenic pattern on electromyogram
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| ==Cardiac Involvement in MCTD==
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| Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with mixed connective tissue disease are rare. Presence of any of the complications listed below indicates unfavorable prognosis;
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| *Acute [[pericarditis]] and/or [[pericardial effusion]],
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| *[[Mitral valve prolapse]],
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| *Intimal hyperplasia of coronary arteries,
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| *Perivascular and myocardial leukocytic infiltrates,
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| *[[Pulmonary hypertension]].
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| *Coronary Artery Disease (although it is rarer, ACS may occur secondary to vascular changes and underlying CAD. The youngest patient with MCTD and ACS in literature was 18 years old)<ref>Jang J J, Olin J W, Fuster V. A teenager with mixed connective tissue disease presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Vascular Medicine; 2004, Vol. 9 Issue 1, 31-34</ref>
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| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="225" widths="225">
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| image:Teenager before PCI.jpg|A teenager with MCTD presented as ACS before PCI
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| image:Teenager post PCI.jpg|A teenager with MCTD presented as ACS post PCI
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Rheumatology]]
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| [[fr:Syndrome de Sharp]]
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| [[nl:Mixed connective tissue disease]]
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| [[ja:混合性結合組織病]]
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| [[sv:Mixed Connective Tissue Disease]]
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