Mitral stenosis general approach to mitral stenosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Blanked the page)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Mitral stenosis}}


{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{RT}}
==Overview==
[[Mitral stenosis]] is a valvular disease characterized by a narrowing in the heart valve between the two left chambers of the heart ([[left atrium]] and [[left ventricle]]).
==Pathophysiology==
* Commisural fusion is the hallmark anatomic finding in mitral stenosis.
* The narrowing in the [[mitral valve]]  causes build up of pressures in the left atrium, and eventually in the pulmonary bed.
* The build up of pressures in the pulmonary bed leads to [[pulmonary hypertension]] which results in [[right heart failure]].
* The left ventricle is unaffected in pure mitral stenosis.
==Causes==
The cause of [[mitral stenosis]] is almost always [[rheumatic heart disease]].
==Differentiating Mitral stenosis from other Diseases==
Mitral stenosis should be differentiated from:
* [[Cor triatriatum]]
* [[Atrial myxoma]]
* Pulmonary vein obstruction
==Natural History and Complications==
===Natural History===
Mitral stenosis is intermittently progressive and has a prolonged clinical course before becoming severe.
===Complications===
Complications occur in the late stages of mitral stenosis. They include:
* [[Atrial fibrillation]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Right heart failure]]
* [[Stroke]] - due to thrombus formation in the [[left atrium]]
==Diagnosis==
===Symptoms===
Symptoms of mitral stenosis occur late in the course of the disease as the disease progresses slowly over decades. Common symptoms include:
* [[Dyspnea]]
* [[Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea]]
* [[Orthopnea]]
* [[Hemoptysis]]
* [[Palpitations]]
* [[Emboli]]
===Physical Examination===
* A high pitched additional sound called opening snap may be heard after the A<sub>2</sub> component of S<sub>2</sub> and it signifies the closure of the mitral valve.
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Valvular heart disease]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiac surgery]]
[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:For review]]
[[Category:Template complete]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 18:13, 17 January 2013