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| {{SI}}
| | #REDIRECT [[seizure classification]] |
| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| ==Future classifications==
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| In 1997, the ILAE began work on revising the classification of seizures, epilepsies and epileptic syndromes.<ref name="ILEA-Diagnostic">[http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org/Visitors/Centre/ctf/overview.cfm ILEA: A Proposed Diagnostic Scheme For People With Epileptic Seizures And With Epilepsy: Report Of The Ilae Task Force On Classification And Terminology]</ref> This revision remains in gestation and has not superseded the 1981 classification.
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| Proposed changes to terminology include:<ref name="ILEA-KeyTerms">[http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org/Visitors/Centre/ctf/table3.cfm ILEA: Defintions of Key Terms]</ref>
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| *Replace ''partial'' with the older term ''focal'' to describe seizures that originate in one part of the brain (though not necessarily a small or well defined area). The word partial was regarded as ambiguous.
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| *Drop the terms ''simple partial'' and ''complex partial'' - grouping based on the effect to consciousness is no longer regarded as useful.
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| *Replace ''cryptogenic'' with ''probably symptomatic''.
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| The hierarchy presented has the structure:<ref name="ILEA-SeizureTypes">[http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org/Visitors/Centre/ctf/seizure_types.cfm ILEA: Seizure Types]</ref>
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| :'''Self limiting seizure types'''
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| ::'''''Generalized seizures'''''
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| :::Tonic-clonic seizures (includes variations beginning with a clonic or myoclonic phase)
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| :::Clonic seizures (with and without tonic features)
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| :::Typical absence seizures
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| :::Atypical absence seizures
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| :::Myoclonic absence seizures
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| :::Tonic seizures
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| :::Spasms
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| :::Myoclonic seizures
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| :::Massive bilateral myoclonus
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| :::Eyelid myoclonia (with and without absences)
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| :::Myoclonic atonic seizures
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| :::Negative myoclonus
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| :::Atonic seizures
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| :::Reflex seizures in generalized epilepsy syndromes
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| :::Seizures of the posterior neocortex
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| :::Neocortical temporal lobe seizures
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| ::'''''Focal seizures'''''
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| :::Focal sensory seizures
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| :::Focal motor seizures
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| :::Gelastic seizures
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| :::Hemiclonic seizures
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| :::Secondarily generalized seizures
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| :::Reflex seizures in focal epilepsy syndromes
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| :'''Continuous seizure types'''
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| ::'''''Generalized status epilepticus'''''
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| :::Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus
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| :::Clonic status epilepticus
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| :::Absence status epilepticus
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| :::Tonic status epilepticus
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| :::Myoclonic status epilepticus
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| ::'''''Focal status epilepticus'''''
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| :::Epilepsia partialis continua of Kojevnikov
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| :::Aura continua
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| :::Limbic status epilepticus (psychomotor status)
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| :::Hemiconvulsive status with hemiparesis
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| ==Earlier classifications==
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| The 1981 classification was a revision of the one devised by [[Henri Gastaut]] for the ILAE and published in 1970.<ref name="Gastaut1970">{{cite journal | author = Gastaut H | title = Clinical and electroencephalographical classification of epileptic seizures. | journal = Epilepsia | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 102-13 | year = 1970 | id = PMID 5268244}}</ref> A significant difference was the distinction between simple and complex partial seizures. In the 1970 classification, the distinction was whether the symptoms involved elementary sensory or motor functions (simple) or whether "higher functions" were involved (complex).
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| This was changed to consider whether consciousness was fully retained or not. As a result, studies that group patients according to these classifications are not directly comparable from one generation to another. The 1970 classification was important for standardising the modern terms for many seizure types. Prior to this, terms such as ''petit mal'', ''grand mal'', ''Jacksonian'', ''psychomotor'' and ''temporal-lobe'' seizures were used.
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| The earliest classification of seizures can be attributed to Babylonian scholars who inscribed their medical knowledge into stone tablets know as the ''Sakikku'' (meaning ''All Diseases'').<ref name="Reynolds1990">{{cite journal | author = Wilson J, Reynolds E | title = Texts and documents. Translation and analysis of a cuneiform text forming part of a Babylonian treatise on epilepsy. | journal = Med Hist | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 185-98 | year = 1990 | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artinstid=1036070&blobtype=pdf | id = PMID 2187129}}</ref> This dates from the reign of the Babylonian king Adad-apla-iddina of the Second Dynasty of Isin - reckoned to be between 1067 and 1046 BC. Many types of seizures are described, each attributed to a certain demon or departed spirit and given a prognosis.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Neurology]]
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| [[Category:Epilepsy]]
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