Ketoacidosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 17:29, 13 February 2013

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Ketoacidemia.

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Ketoacidosis from other Diseases

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

de:Ketoazidose fi:Ketoasidoosi sv:Ketoacidos

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-{{SI}}
+__NOTOC__
+'''For patient information, click [[Ketoacidosis (patient information)|here]]'''
+{{Ketoacidosis}}
 {{CMG}}
-{{SK}} ketoacidemia;
+{{SK}} Ketoacidemia.
-==Overview==
+== [[Ketoacidosis overview|Overview]] ==
-'''Ketoacidosis''' is a type of metabolic [[acidosis]] which is caused by high concentrations of [[ketone bodies]], formed by the [[deamination]] of [[amino acid]]s, and the breakdown of [[fatty acids]].
-==Pathophysiology==
+== [[Ketoacidosis classification|Classification]] ==
-Ketoacidosis occurs when cells do not have sufficient glucose to meet their metabolic demands.  Instead, [[ketone bodies]] are produced for energy via the [[metabolism]] of [[fatty acids]].
-Acidity results from the dissociation of the H<sup>+</sup> ion at physiological pH of metabolic ketone bodies such as [[acetoacetate]], and [[Beta-hydroxybutyrate|β-hydroxybutyrate]].
+== [[Ketoacidosis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
-==Causes==
+== [[Ketoacidosis causes|Causes]] ==
-Two common causes include [[diabetic]] and [[alcoholic]] ketoacidosis. This is most common in untreated type 1 [[diabetes mellitus]], when the liver breaks down [[adipose tissue|fat]] and proteins in response to a perceived need for respiratory substrate. It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition.
-===Diabetic Ketoacidosis===
+== [[Ketoacidosis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Ketoacidosis from other Diseases]] ==
-In [[diabetic]] patients, ketoacidosis is usually accompanied by [[insulin]] deficiency, [[hyperglycemia]], and [[dehydration]]. Since insulin is required to absorb [[glucose]] from the blood, its deficiency results in an energy crisis, fatty acid metabolism, and production of ketone bodies.  Hyperglycemia results in glucose overloading the nephron and spilling into the [[urine]].  Dehydration results following the osmotic movement of water into [[urine]], exacerbating the [[acidosis]].
-===Alcoholic Ketoacidosis===
+== [[Ketoacidosis risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
-In [[alcoholic]] ketoacidosis, [[alcohol]] causes dehydration and blocks the first step of [[gluconeogenesis]].  The body is unable to synthesize enough glucose to meet its needs, thus creating an energy crisis resulting in [[fatty acid]] metabolism, and [[ketone body]] formation.
+== [[Ketoacidosis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
-==Differentiation of Ketoacidosis from other Disorders==
+== Diagnosis ==
-Ketoacidosis should not be confused with [[ketosis]], which is one of the body's normal processes for the metabolism of body fat. In ketoacidosis, the accumulation of keto acids is so severe that the [[pH]] of the [[blood]] is substantially decreased.
-== See also ==
+[[Ketoacidosis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Ketoacidosis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Ketoacidosis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Ketoacidosis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Ketoacidosis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
+== Treatment ==
+[[Ketoacidosis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Ketoacidosis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Ketoacidosis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Ketoacidosis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Ketoacidosis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
+==Case Studies==
+[[Ketoacidosis case study one|Case #1]]
+== Related Chapters ==
 * [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
 * [[Keto acids]]
 * [[Low-carbohydrate diet]]
+<br>
 [[Category:Medical emergencies]]
 [[Category:Endocrinology]]
-[[Category:diabetes]]
+[[Category:Diabetes]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
 [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
+[[Category:Nephrology]]

Ketoacidosis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:29, 13 February 2013

Overview

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Ketoacidosis from other Diseases

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Related Chapters

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