Dislocated patella overview: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
It can be caused by some form of [[blunt force trauma|blunt trauma]], or may be a [[congenital]] defect. In congenital cases, it is usually bilateral. | It can be caused by some form of [[blunt force trauma|blunt trauma]], or may be a [[congenital]] defect. In congenital cases, it is usually bilateral. | ||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
[[Osteoarthritis]] can develop secondarily. | [[Osteoarthritis]] can develop secondarily. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
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Symptoms can range from none to severe pain. | Symptoms can range from none to severe pain. | ||
===Physical Examination=== | ===Physical Examination=== | ||
Diagnosis is made through palpation of the knee. The patient can do the ''patella tracking assessment'' by making a single leg squat and standing, or, lying on his or her back with knee extended from flexed position. A patella that slips medially on early flexion is called the | Diagnosis is made through palpation of the knee. The patient can do the ''patella tracking assessment'' by making a single leg squat and standing, or, lying on his or her back with knee extended from flexed position. A patella that slips medially on early flexion is called the J sign, and indicates imbalance between the VMO and lateral structures.<ref>[http://www.fpnotebook.com/Ortho/Exam/PtlTrckngAsmnt.htm Family Practice Notebook > Patella Tracking Assessment] by Scott Moses, last revised before 5/10/08</ref> | ||
===X Ray=== | ===X Ray=== | ||
[[X-ray]]s are necessary in some cases. | [[X-ray]]s are necessary in some cases. | ||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | ===Medical Therapy=== | ||
Supplements like [[glucosamine]] and [[NSAID]]s can be used to keep the knee strong. | Supplements like [[glucosamine]] and [[NSAID]]s can be used to keep the knee strong. | ||
===Surgery=== | ===Surgery=== | ||
Grades III and IV, as well as most grade II cases, require [[surgery]] to correct, if the | Grades III and IV, as well as most grade II cases, require [[surgery]] to correct, if the patient has difficulty walking. The surgery involves a [[sulcoplasty]], a deepening of the [[trochlea]]r sulcus that the patella sits in. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:07, 25 March 2013
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Dislocated patella Microchapters |
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Dislocated patella overview On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Grace M. Gibson
Overview
Luxating patella is a condition in which the patella, or kneecap, dislocates or moves out of its normal location. The luxation is usually medial, but can be lateral.
Causes
It can be caused by some form of blunt trauma, or may be a congenital defect. In congenital cases, it is usually bilateral.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Osteoarthritis can develop secondarily.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Symptoms can range from none to severe pain.
Physical Examination
Diagnosis is made through palpation of the knee. The patient can do the patella tracking assessment by making a single leg squat and standing, or, lying on his or her back with knee extended from flexed position. A patella that slips medially on early flexion is called the J sign, and indicates imbalance between the VMO and lateral structures.[1]
X Ray
X-rays are necessary in some cases.
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Supplements like glucosamine and NSAIDs can be used to keep the knee strong.
Surgery
Grades III and IV, as well as most grade II cases, require surgery to correct, if the patient has difficulty walking. The surgery involves a sulcoplasty, a deepening of the trochlear sulcus that the patella sits in.
References
- ↑ Family Practice Notebook > Patella Tracking Assessment by Scott Moses, last revised before 5/10/08