Horner's syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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===Common Causes===
==Overview==
Horner's syndrome is usually acquired but may also be [[congenital]] (inborn) or [[iatrogenic]] (caused by medical treatment). Although most causes are relatively benign, Horner's syndrome may reflect serious pathology in the neck or chest (such as a [[Pancoast tumor]] or thyrocervical venous dilatation) and hence requires workup.
Horner's syndrome is usually acquired but may also be [[congenital]] (inborn) or [[iatrogenic]] (caused by medical treatment). Although most causes are relatively benign, Horner's syndrome may reflect serious pathology in the neck or chest (such as a [[Pancoast tumor]] or thyrocervical venous dilatation) and hence requires workup.


==Common Causes==
* Due to lesion of one side of the cervical sympathetic chain which affects on the same side of the lesion
* Due to lesion of one side of the cervical sympathetic chain which affects on the same side of the lesion
* [[PICA syndrome]]
* [[PICA syndrome]]
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* [[Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis adenitis]]
* [[Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis adenitis]]


===Causes by Organ System===
==Causes by Organ System==
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aneurysm]] or [[dissection]] of the [[aorta]], [[Aortic aneurysm]] thoracic, Carotid [[aneurysm]], Carotid [[angiography]], [[Carotid artery]] dissection, [[Carotid artery]] [[thrombosis]], [[Carotid]] [[cavernous]], [[fistula]], [[Cavernous sinus]] Inflammation, [[Coronary artery]] bypass grafting, Dissecting [[aortic aneurysm]], [[Internal carotid artery]], [[Aneurysm ]], Internal [[carotid artery]] [[Arteritis]], Internal [[carotid artery]] [[Dissection]], Lesions of the [[subclavian]] or common [[carotid artery]], [[Subclavian artery]] [[aneurysm]], Thoracic Aortic [[aneurysm]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|Acute [[otitis media]], Lesions of the [[middle ear]], [[Middle ear]] infection
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Goitre]], Invasive [[pituitary tumor]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arnold-Chiari malformation]], [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Leukemia]], [[Cavernous sinus]] [[thrombosis]], [[Internal carotid artery]] [[Thrombosis]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[Lymphoma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|Central venous [[catheterization]], [[Cervical plexus]] block, [[Chest tube]] placement, Interscalene block, [[Jugular]] cannulation, Neck surgery, Radical neck [[dissection]], [[Stellate ganglion]] block, [[Sympathectomy]], [[Thoracic surgery]], [[Thyroidectomy]], Traumatic [[dissection]] of the [[vertebral artery]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|Basal [[meningitis]], Congenital [[infections]], [[Herpes zoster]], [[Hydatid cyst]], Mandibular tooth [[abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]],
Tuberculosis adenitis
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Brain stem]] Demyelination, [[Brain stem]] lesion, [[Brainstem]] [[stroke]], [[Brainstem]] tumor, [[Brainstem]] tumors, [[Glioma]], [[Brainstem]] vascular malformations (AVM), Cerebral vascular accident (CVA), [[Cluster headache]], Demyelinating disease, [[Demyelination]] [[brainstem]], Hematomyelia, High cervical cord lesion, [[Hypothalamic]] lesion, [[Hypothalamic]] [[Stroke]], [[Hypothalamic]] tumor, Intrapontine hemorrhage, Lesions in the [[hypothalamus]] or [[medulla]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Myelitis ]], [[PICA syndrome]], [[Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome]], [[Spinal cord]] demyelination, [[spinal cord]] [[Infarction ]], Spinal Meningioma, [[Syringomyelia]], [[Wallenberg syndrome]], Lateral medullary syndrome]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|Birth trauma related, Birth trauma with injury to lower [[brachial plexus]], [[Klumpke paralysis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[Carotid body tumor]], [[Cavernous sinus]] Tumors, Cervical [[spinal cord]] tumor, [[Hodgkin disease]], Internal carotid artery Tumor, Intramedullary Tumor, large cell [[Lung cancer]], [[Mediastinal]] mass, Mediastinal [[Neuroblastoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], Metastasis, [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Neuroblastoma]], Pancoast syndrome, [[Parotid gland]] tumor, Pulmonary [[lymphoma]], [[Rhabdomyosarcoma]], Skull base [[lymphoma]], [[Squamous cell]] Lung cancer, Superior [[cervical ganglion]] Jugular venous ectasia, Thoracic [[spinal cord]] tumor, [[Thyroid]] carcinoma
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|Adeno carcinoma lung, Apical lung tumor
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|Basal skull [[tumor]], Cervical [[spinal cord]] injury, Cervico-thoracic [[Spinal cord]] Trauma, Internal [[carotid artery]] Trauma, [[Neck trauma]], Superior [[cervical ganglion]] Trauma, Trauma - base of neck, Traumatic dislocation of [[cervical vertebrae]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cervical rib]], [[Idiopathic]], Superior [[cervical ganglion]] surgical dissection, [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
==Causes in Alphabetical Order==
{{Multicol}}
{{Multicol}}
*Acute [[otitis media]]
*Acute [[otitis media]]
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*[[Brainstem stroke ]]
*[[Brainstem stroke ]]
*[[Brainstem stroke]]
*[[Brainstem stroke]]
*[[Brainstem tumor ]]
*Brainstem [[tumor ]]
*[[Brainstem tumors (glioma) ]]
*[[Brain stem]] tumors [[glioma ]]
*[[Brainstem vascular malformations (AVM) ]]
*Brainstem vascular malformations (AVM)  
*[[Bronchogenic cancer]]
*Bronchogenic cancer
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]
*[[Carotid aneurysm ]]
*Carotid aneurysm
*[[Carotid angiography]]
*[[Carotid]] [[angiography]]
*[[Carotid artery dissection]]
*[[Carotid artery]] [[dissection]]
*[[Carotid artery thrombosis ]]
*Carotid artery [[thrombosis ]]
*[[Carotid body tumor]]
*[[Carotid body]] tumor
*[[Carotid cavernous fistula]]
*Carotid cavernous [[fistula]]
*[[Cavernous sinus Inflammation  ]]
*[[Cavernous sinus]] Inflammation   
*[[Cavernous sinus thrombosis]]
*[[Cavernous sinus]] [[thrombosis]]
*[[Cavernous sinus Tumors  ]]
*[[Cavernous sinus]] [[ Tumors  ]]
*[[Central venous catheterization]]
*Central venous [[catheterization]]
*[[Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)]]
*Cerebral vascular accident  
*[[Cervical plexus block]]
*[[Cervical plexus]] block
*[[Cervical rib]]
*[[Cervical rib]]
*[[Cervical spinal cord injury]]
*Cervical [[spinal cord]] injury
*[[Cervical spinal cord tumor]]
*Cervical [[spinal cord]] tumor
*[[Cervico-thoracic Spinal cord Trauma  ]]
*Cervico-thoracic Spinal cord Trauma   
*[[Chest tube placement, ]]
*[[Chest tube]] placement
*[[Cluster headache]]
*[[Cluster headache]]
*[[Congenital infections ]]
*[[Congenital]] infections
*[[Coronary artery bypass grafting)]]
*[[Coronary artery]] bypass grafting
{{ColBreak}}
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Demyelinating disease ]]
*[[Demyelinating disease ]]
*[[Demyelination (brainstem) ]]
*Demyelination [[brainstem]]
*[[Dissecting aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Dissecting aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Goitre]]
*[[Goitre]]
*[[Hematomyelia]]
*Hematomyelia
*[[Herpes zoster]]
*[[Herpes zoster]]
*[[High cervical cord lesion ]]
*High cervical cord lesion  
*[[Hodgkin disease]]
*[[Hodgkin disease]]
*[[Hydatid cyst]]
*[[Hydatid cyst]]
*[[Hypothalamic lesion]]
*Hypothalamic lesion
*[[Hypothalamic Stroke ]]
*Hypothalamic [[Stroke ]]
*[[Hypothalamic tumor ]]
*Hypothalamic [[tumor ]]
*[[Idiopathic ]]
*[[Idiopathic ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery Aneurysm ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery]] [[Aneurysm ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery Arteritis ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery]] [[Arteritis ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery Dissection ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery]] [[Dissection ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery Thrombosis ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery]] [[Thrombosis ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery Trauma ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery]] Trauma
*[[Internal carotid artery Tumor  ]]
*[[Internal carotid artery]] Tumor   
*[[Interscalene block]]
*Interscalene block
*[[Intramedullary Tumor ]]
*Intramedullary Tumor  
*[[Intrapontine hemorrhage]]
*Intrapontine [[hemorrhage]]
*[[Invasive pituitary tumor ]]
*Invasive [[pituitary tumor ]]
*[[Jugular cannulation ]]
*[[Jugular]] cannulation
*[[Klumpke paralysis]]
*[[Klumpke paralysis]]
*[[large cell Lung cancer]]
*Large cell [[Lung cancer]]
*[[Lesions in the hypothalamus or medulla]]
*Lesions in the [[hypothalamus]] or [[medulla]]
*[[Lesions of the middle ear ]]
*Lesions of the [[middle ear ]]
*[[Lesions of the subclavian or common carotid artery]]
*Lesions of the [[subclavian]] or [[common carotid artery]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy ]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy ]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Mandibular tooth abscess]]
*Mandibular tooth [[abscess]]
*[[Mediastinal mass]]
*Mediastinal mass
*[[Mediastinal Neuroblastoma]]
*Mediastinal [[Neuroblastoma]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*[[Metastasis]]
*[[Metastasis]]
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{{ColBreak}}
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]
*[[Neck surgery ]]
*Neck surgery  
*[[Neck trauma ]]
*Neck trauma  
*[[Neuroblastoma]]
*[[Neuroblastoma]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
*[[Pancoast syndrom]]
*Pancoast syndrome
*[[Parotid gland tumor]]
*[[Parotid gland tumor]]
*[[PICA syndrome]]
*[[PICA syndrome]]
*[[Pituitary tumor]]
*[[Pituitary tumor]]
*[[Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome]]
*[[Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome]]
*[[Pulmonary lymphoma]]
*Pulmonary [[lymphoma]]
*[[Radical neck dissection]]
*Radical neck [[dissection]]
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma ]]
*[[Rhabdomyosarcoma ]]
*[[Skull base lymphoma]]
*Skull base [[lymphoma]]
*[[Spinal cord demyelination ]]
*[[Spinal cord]] demyelination
*[[spinal cord Infarction ]]
*[[spinal cord]] [[Infarction ]]
*[[Spinal Meningioma]]
*Spinal [[Meningioma]]
*[[Squamous cell Lung cancer]]
*[[Squamous cell]] [[Lung cancer]]
*[[stellate ganglion block ]]
*[[Stellate ganglion]] block
*[[Subclavian artery aneurysm ]]
*[[Subclavian artery]] [[aneurysm ]]
*[[Superior cervical ganglion Jugular venous ectasia ]]
*[[Superior cervical ganglion]] Jugular venous ectasia  
*[[Superior cervical ganglion surgical dissection]]
*[[Superior cervical ganglion]] surgical dissection
*[[Superior cervical ganglion Trauma  ]]
*[[Superior cervical ganglion]] Trauma   
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[Sympathectomy]]
*[[Sympathectomy]]
*[[Syringomyelia]]
*[[Syringomyelia]]
*[[Thoracic Aortic aneurysm]]
*Thoracic [[Aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Thoracic spinal cord tumor]]
*Thoracic [[spinal cord]] tumor
*[[Thoracic surgery ]]
*[[Thoracic surgery ]]
*[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
*[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
*[[Thyroidectomy ]]
*[[Thyroidectomy ]]
*[[Trauma - base of neck]]
*Trauma - base of neck
*[[Traumatic dislocation of cervical vertebrae ]]
*Traumatic dislocation of [[cervical vertebrae ]]
*[[Traumatic dissection of the vertebral artery  ]]
*Traumatic dissection of the [[vertebral artery  ]]
*[[Tuberculosis ]]
*[[Tuberculosis ]]
*[[Tuberculosis adenitis]]
*Tuberculosis [[adenitis]]
*[[Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)]]
*[[Wallenberg syndrome]] (lateral medullary syndrome)
{{EndMultiCol}}
{{EndMultiCol}}


Latest revision as of 21:28, 25 July 2013

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Horner's syndrome is usually acquired but may also be congenital (inborn) or iatrogenic (caused by medical treatment). Although most causes are relatively benign, Horner's syndrome may reflect serious pathology in the neck or chest (such as a Pancoast tumor or thyrocervical venous dilatation) and hence requires workup.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aneurysm or dissection of the aorta, Aortic aneurysm thoracic, Carotid aneurysm, Carotid angiography, Carotid artery dissection, Carotid artery thrombosis, Carotid cavernous, fistula, Cavernous sinus Inflammation, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Dissecting aortic aneurysm, Internal carotid artery, Aneurysm , Internal carotid artery Arteritis, Internal carotid artery Dissection, Lesions of the subclavian or common carotid artery, Subclavian artery aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic aneurysm
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Acute otitis media, Lesions of the middle ear, Middle ear infection
Endocrine Goitre, Invasive pituitary tumor
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Arnold-Chiari malformation, Neurofibromatosis type 1
Hematologic Leukemia, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Internal carotid artery Thrombosis, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphoma
Iatrogenic Central venous catheterization, Cervical plexus block, Chest tube placement, Interscalene block, Jugular cannulation, Neck surgery, Radical neck dissection, Stellate ganglion block, Sympathectomy, Thoracic surgery, Thyroidectomy, Traumatic dissection of the vertebral artery
Infectious Disease Basal meningitis, Congenital infections, Herpes zoster, Hydatid cyst, Mandibular tooth abscess, Tuberculosis,

Tuberculosis adenitis

Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Brain stem Demyelination, Brain stem lesion, Brainstem stroke, Brainstem tumor, Brainstem tumors, Glioma, Brainstem vascular malformations (AVM), Cerebral vascular accident (CVA), Cluster headache, Demyelinating disease, Demyelination brainstem, Hematomyelia, High cervical cord lesion, Hypothalamic lesion, Hypothalamic Stroke, Hypothalamic tumor, Intrapontine hemorrhage, Lesions in the hypothalamus or medulla, Multiple sclerosis, Myelitis , PICA syndrome, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, Spinal cord demyelination, spinal cord Infarction , Spinal Meningioma, Syringomyelia, Wallenberg syndrome, Lateral medullary syndrome]
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Birth trauma related, Birth trauma with injury to lower brachial plexus, Klumpke paralysis
Oncologic Bronchogenic carcinoma, Carotid body tumor, Cavernous sinus Tumors, Cervical spinal cord tumor, Hodgkin disease, Internal carotid artery Tumor, Intramedullary Tumor, large cell Lung cancer, Mediastinal mass, Mediastinal Neuroblastoma, Mesothelioma, Metastasis, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Neuroblastoma, Pancoast syndrome, Parotid gland tumor, Pulmonary lymphoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Skull base lymphoma, Squamous cell Lung cancer, Superior cervical ganglion Jugular venous ectasia, Thoracic spinal cord tumor, Thyroid carcinoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Adeno carcinoma lung, Apical lung tumor
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Basal skull tumor, Cervical spinal cord injury, Cervico-thoracic Spinal cord Trauma, Internal carotid artery Trauma, Neck trauma, Superior cervical ganglion Trauma, Trauma - base of neck, Traumatic dislocation of cervical vertebrae
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Cervical rib, Idiopathic, Superior cervical ganglion surgical dissection, Superior vena cava syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

  1. ↑ Graff JM, Lee AG (February 21, 2005). "Horner's Syndrome (due to Cluster Headache): 46 y.o. man presenting with headache and ptosis". Ophthalmology Grand Rounds. The University of Iowa. Retrieved 2006-09-22.

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