Coronary artery aneurysm: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Rim Halaby (talk | contribs)
CMEUser, Bureaucrats, nocaptcha, Administrators
27,346 edits
No edit summary
Vanessa Cherni (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha
252 edits
No edit summary
 
(8 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Coronary angiography2}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{VK}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{VK}}
{{SK}} CAA, coronary artery ectasia


==Overview==
==Overview==
Coronary artery aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation of a [[coronary artery]] segment over 1.5 times the diameter of normal adjacent segment.<ref name="pmid4897732">{{cite journal| author=Jarcho S| title=Bougon on coronary aneurysm (1812). | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1969 | volume= 24 | issue= 4 | pages= 551-3 | pmid=4897732 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4897732  }} </ref>
Coronary artery aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation of a [[coronary artery]] segment over 1.5 times the diameter of normal adjacent segment.<ref name="pmid4897732">{{cite journal| author=Jarcho S| title=Bougon on coronary aneurysm (1812). | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1969 | volume= 24 | issue= 4 | pages= 551-3 | pmid=4897732 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4897732  }} </ref>  An [[aneurysm]] can be classified as either [[saccular]] (wider than it is long) or [[fusiform]] (elongated). Coronary artery aneurysm must be differentiated from coronary artery ectasia; in fact, coronary artery ectasia is a localized arterial dilatation that is graded according to the size of the dilatation in comparison to the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.  A coronary artery ectasia is considered as an aneurysm when the coronary artery dilatation is 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
 
The incidence of CAA ranges widely between 0.3-5.3% within angiographic series with a mean incidence of 1.65%.<ref name="pmid4052280">{{cite journal| author=Hartnell GG, Parnell BM, Pridie RB| title=Coronary artery ectasia. Its prevalence and clinical significance in 4993 patients. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1985 | volume= 54 | issue= 4 | pages= 392-5 | pmid=4052280 | doi= | pmc=PMC481917 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4052280  }} </ref> A highest incidence of 10-12% was reported in a study from India. Perhaps reflecting a specific genetic and/or environmental predisposition.<ref name="pmid2086442">{{cite journal| author=Sharma SN, Kaul U, Sharma S, Wasir HS, Manchanda SC, Bahl VK et al.| title=Coronary arteriographic profile in young and old Indian patients with ischaemic heart disease: a comparative study. | journal=Indian Heart J | year= 1990 | volume= 42 | issue= 5 | pages= 365-9 | pmid=2086442 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2086442 }} </ref>
 
CAA most commonly occurs in [[right coronary artery]] accounting for 40-87% followed by [[left anterior descending artery]] and [[left circumflex artery]].<ref name="pmid16230889">{{cite journal| author=Villines TC, Avedissian LS, Elgin EE| title=Diffuse nonatherosclerotic coronary aneurysms: an unusual cause of sudden death in a young male and a literature review. | journal=Cardiol Rev | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 309-11 | pmid=16230889 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16230889  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6847792">{{cite journal| author=Swaye PS, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Vignola PA, Judkins MP, Kemp HG et al.| title=Aneurysmal coronary artery disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 1983 | volume= 67 | issue= 1 | pages= 134-8 | pmid=6847792 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6847792  }} </ref>. CAA of left main artery or triple-vessel CAA are rare<ref name="pmid16230889">{{cite journal| author=Villines TC, Avedissian LS, Elgin EE| title=Diffuse nonatherosclerotic coronary aneurysms: an unusual cause of sudden death in a young male and a literature review. | journal=Cardiol Rev | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 309-11 | pmid=16230889 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16230889 }} </ref>
 
==Diagnosis==
 
It is often found coincidentally on [[coronary angiography]].<ref name="pmid17063947">{{cite journal |author=Pahlavan PS, Niroomand F |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=29 |issue=10 |pages=439–43 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17063947 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
==Causes==
 
Causes include [[atherosclerosis]],<ref name="pmid18466032">{{cite journal |author=Nichols L, Lagana S, Parwani A |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review and hypothesis regarding etiology |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=132 |issue=5 |pages=823–8 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18466032 |doi= |url=http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=132&page=823}}</ref> [[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid17456996">{{cite journal |author=Fukazawa R, Ikegam E, Watanabe M, ''et al'' |title=Coronary artery aneurysm induced by Kawasaki disease in children show features typical senescence |journal=Circ. J. |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=709–15 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17456996 |doi= |url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/circj/71.709?from=PubMed}}</ref> and [[coronary catheterization]] as well as vasculitides and collagen vascular diseases.
 
==Prognosis==
 
It has a good prognosis.<ref name="pmid17063947">{{cite journal |author=Pahlavan PS, Niroomand F |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=29 |issue=10 |pages=439–43 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17063947 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==Definition==
==Grading System==


A localized arterial widening (dilatation) that usually manifests itself as a bulge. Its presence may lead to weakening of the wall and eventual rupture.
A localized arterial widening (dilatation) that usually manifests itself as a bulge. Its presence may lead to weakening of the wall and eventual rupture.
Line 39: Line 24:
Aneurysm – visual assessment of an [[aneurysm]] > 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.
Aneurysm – visual assessment of an [[aneurysm]] > 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.


*NOTE: An [[aneurysm]] can be further classified as either [[saccular]] (wider than it is long) or [[fusiform]] (elongated).
Shown below are an animated image and a static image depicting an aneurysm in the [[left coronary artery]].  Outlined in yellow in the image on the right is the localized aneurysm which is a dilatation of the coronary artery segment >1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segments on the [[LCA]].
 
[[Image:Coronary-artery-aneurysm.gif|300px|Left coronary artery aneurysm]]
[[Image:Coronary artery aneurysm static.gif|300px|Left coronary artery aneurysm]]


==Angiography Examples==
==Causes==
Click [[Coronary angiography aneurysm|here]] for angiography examples of coronary artery aneurysm.
* [[Atherosclerosis]]<ref name="pmid18466032">{{cite journal |author=Nichols L, Lagana S, Parwani A |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review and hypothesis regarding etiology |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=132 |issue=5 |pages=823–8 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18466032 |doi= |url=http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=132&page=823}}</ref>
* [[Collagen vascular diseases]]
* [[Coronary catheterization]]
* [[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid17456996">{{cite journal |author=Fukazawa R, Ikegam E, Watanabe M, ''et al'' |title=Coronary artery aneurysm induced by Kawasaki disease in children show features typical senescence |journal=Circ. J. |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=709–15 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17456996 |doi= |url=http://joi.jlc.jst.go.jp/JST.JSTAGE/circj/71.709?from=PubMed}}</ref>
* [[Vasculitides]]
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* The incidence of CAA ranges widely between 0.3-5.3% within angiographic series with a mean incidence of 1.65%.<ref name="pmid4052280">{{cite journal| author=Hartnell GG, Parnell BM, Pridie RB| title=Coronary artery ectasia. Its prevalence and clinical significance in 4993 patients. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1985 | volume= 54 | issue= 4 | pages= 392-5 | pmid=4052280 | doi= | pmc=PMC481917 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4052280  }} </ref> A highest incidence of 10-12% was reported in a study from India. Perhaps reflecting a specific genetic and/or environmental predisposition.<ref name="pmid2086442">{{cite journal| author=Sharma SN, Kaul U, Sharma S, Wasir HS, Manchanda SC, Bahl VK et al.| title=Coronary arteriographic profile in young and old Indian patients with ischaemic heart disease: a comparative study. | journal=Indian Heart J | year= 1990 | volume= 42 | issue= 5 | pages= 365-9 | pmid=2086442 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2086442  }} </ref>
 
* CAA most commonly occurs in [[right coronary artery]] accounting for 40-87% followed by [[left anterior descending artery]] and [[left circumflex artery]].<ref name="pmid16230889">{{cite journal| author=Villines TC, Avedissian LS, Elgin EE| title=Diffuse nonatherosclerotic coronary aneurysms: an unusual cause of sudden death in a young male and a literature review. | journal=Cardiol Rev | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 309-11 | pmid=16230889 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16230889  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6847792">{{cite journal| author=Swaye PS, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Vignola PA, Judkins MP, Kemp HG et al.| title=Aneurysmal coronary artery disease. | journal=Circulation | year= 1983 | volume= 67 | issue= 1 | pages= 134-8 | pmid=6847792 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6847792  }} </ref>
 
* CAA of left main artery or triple-vessel CAA are rare.<ref name="pmid16230889">{{cite journal| author=Villines TC, Avedissian LS, Elgin EE| title=Diffuse nonatherosclerotic coronary aneurysms: an unusual cause of sudden death in a young male and a literature review. | journal=Cardiol Rev | year= 2005 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 309-11 | pmid=16230889 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16230889  }} </ref>
 
==Prognosis==
Coronary artery aneurysm has a good prognosis.<ref name="pmid17063947">{{cite journal |author=Pahlavan PS, Niroomand F |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=29 |issue=10 |pages=439–43 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17063947 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
==Diagnosis==
It is often found coincidentally on [[coronary angiography]].<ref name="pmid17063947">{{cite journal |author=Pahlavan PS, Niroomand F |title=Coronary artery aneurysm: a review |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=29 |issue=10 |pages=439–43 |year=2006 |month=October |pmid=17063947 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:24, 13 November 2013

Coronary Angiography

Home

General Principles

Overview
Historical Perspective
Contraindications
Appropriate Use Criteria for Revascularization
Complications
Technique
Film Quality

Anatomy & Projection Angles

Normal Anatomy

Coronary arteries
Dominance
Right System
Left System
Left Main
Left Anterior Descending
Circumflex
Median Ramus

Anatomic Variants

Separate Ostia
Anomalous Origins
Case Example
Fistula

Projection Angles

Standard Views
Left Coronary Artery
Right Coronary Artery

Epicardial Flow & Myocardial Perfusion

Epicardial Flow

TIMI Frame Count
TIMI Flow Grade
TIMI Grade 0 Flow
TIMI Grade 1 Flow
TIMI Grade 2 Flow
TIMI Grade 3 Flow
TIMI Grade 4 Flow
Pulsatile Flow
Deceleration

Myocardial Perfusion

TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade
TMP Grade 0
TMP Grade 0.5
TMP Grade 1
TMP Grade 2
TMP Grade 3

Lesion Complexity

ACC/AHA Lesion-Specific Classification of the Primary Target Stenosis

Preprocedural Lesion Morphology

Eccentricity
Irregularity
Ulceration
Intimal Flap
Aneurysm
Sawtooth Pattern
Length
Ostial location
Angulation
Proximal tortuosity
Degenerated SVG
Calcification
Total occlusion
Coronary Artery Thrombus
TIMI Thrombus Grade
TIMI Thrombus Grade 0
TIMI Thrombus Grade 1
TIMI Thrombus Grade 2
TIMI Thrombus Grade 3
TIMI Thrombus Grade 4
TIMI Thrombus Grade 5
TIMI Thrombus Grade 6

Lesion Morphology

Quantitative Coronary Angiography
Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology
Irregular Lesion
Disease Extent
Arterial Foreshortening
Infarct Related Artery
Restenosis
Degenerated SVG
Collaterals
Aneurysm
Bifurcation
Trifurcation
Ulceration

Left ventriculography

Technique
Quantification of LV Function
Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: CAA, coronary artery ectasia

Overview

Coronary artery aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation of a coronary artery segment over 1.5 times the diameter of normal adjacent segment.[1] An aneurysm can be classified as either saccular (wider than it is long) or fusiform (elongated). Coronary artery aneurysm must be differentiated from coronary artery ectasia; in fact, coronary artery ectasia is a localized arterial dilatation that is graded according to the size of the dilatation in comparison to the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery. A coronary artery ectasia is considered as an aneurysm when the coronary artery dilatation is 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.

Grading System

A localized arterial widening (dilatation) that usually manifests itself as a bulge. Its presence may lead to weakening of the wall and eventual rupture.

Grade 0

None – no ectasia present.

Grade 1

Ectasia – visual assessment of ectasia >1 & < 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.

Grade 2

Aneurysm – visual assessment of an aneurysm > 1.5 times the normal artery diameter located anywhere in the culprit artery.

Shown below are an animated image and a static image depicting an aneurysm in the left coronary artery. Outlined in yellow in the image on the right is the localized aneurysm which is a dilatation of the coronary artery segment >1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segments on the LCA.

Left coronary artery aneurysm Left coronary artery aneurysm

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The incidence of CAA ranges widely between 0.3-5.3% within angiographic series with a mean incidence of 1.65%.[4] A highest incidence of 10-12% was reported in a study from India. Perhaps reflecting a specific genetic and/or environmental predisposition.[5]
  • CAA of left main artery or triple-vessel CAA are rare.[6]

Prognosis

Coronary artery aneurysm has a good prognosis.[8]

Diagnosis

It is often found coincidentally on coronary angiography.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Jarcho S (1969). "Bougon on coronary aneurysm (1812)". Am J Cardiol. 24 (4): 551–3. PMID 4897732.
  2. ↑ Nichols L, Lagana S, Parwani A (2008). "Coronary artery aneurysm: a review and hypothesis regarding etiology". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 132 (5): 823–8. PMID 18466032. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Fukazawa R, Ikegam E, Watanabe M; et al. (2007). "Coronary artery aneurysm induced by Kawasaki disease in children show features typical senescence". Circ. J. 71 (5): 709–15. PMID 17456996. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Hartnell GG, Parnell BM, Pridie RB (1985). "Coronary artery ectasia. Its prevalence and clinical significance in 4993 patients". Br Heart J. 54 (4): 392–5. PMC 481917. PMID 4052280.
  5. ↑ Sharma SN, Kaul U, Sharma S, Wasir HS, Manchanda SC, Bahl VK; et al. (1990). "Coronary arteriographic profile in young and old Indian patients with ischaemic heart disease: a comparative study". Indian Heart J. 42 (5): 365–9. PMID 2086442.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Villines TC, Avedissian LS, Elgin EE (2005). "Diffuse nonatherosclerotic coronary aneurysms: an unusual cause of sudden death in a young male and a literature review". Cardiol Rev. 13 (6): 309–11. PMID 16230889.
  7. ↑ Swaye PS, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Vignola PA, Judkins MP, Kemp HG; et al. (1983). "Aneurysmal coronary artery disease". Circulation. 67 (1): 134–8. PMID 6847792.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Pahlavan PS, Niroomand F (2006). "Coronary artery aneurysm: a review". Clin Cardiol. 29 (10): 439–43. PMID 17063947. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


Template:WikiDoc Sources

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Coronary_artery_aneurysm&oldid=912548"