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| {{Lotensin}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Benazepril]] |
| <div style="width: 80%">
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| __NOTOC__
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AM}}; {{AZ}}
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| '''''For information about (Generic Name), click [[(Generic Name)|here]].'''''
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| ==Disclaimer==
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| '''''WikiDoc Drug Project is a constellation of drug information for healthcare providers and patients vigorously vetted on the basis of FDA package insert, MedlinePlus, Practice Guidelines, Scientific Statements, and scholarly medical literature. The information provided is not a medical advice or treatment. WikiDoc does not promote any medication or off-label use of drugs. Please read our full disclaimer [[wikidoc:General_disclaimer|{{fontcolor|#FF0000|here}}]].'''''
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| ==<span style="color:#FF0000; background:#000000;">Black Box Warning</span>==
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| {| style="border: 3px solid #696969;"
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| | style="background: #000000; border: 0px; padding: 20px 20px; width: 800px;" |
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| <center>
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| <font color="#F8F8FF" style="font-weight: bold;">WARNING</font>
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| </center>
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| <center>
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| <font color="#F8F8FF" size="1" style="font-style: italic;">See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.</font>
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| </center>
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| <font color="#F8F8FF" style="font-weight: bold;">
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| ''{{fontcolor|#FF0000|Condition Name:}}'' (Content)
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| </font>
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| |}
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| ==Overview==
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| {{PAGENAME}} is a _______ drug that is FDA approved for the treatment of _______. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown <span style="background:#000000;">'''[[{{PAGENAME}}#Black Box Warning|{{fontcolor|#FF0000|here}}]]'''</span>. Common adverse reactions include _______.
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| ==Adult Indications and Dosage==
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| ===FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)===
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| ===Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)===
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| ====Guideline-Supported Use====
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| * Developed by: (Organisation)
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| * Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
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| * Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| * Developed by: (Organisation)
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| * Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
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| * Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| ====Non–Guideline-Supported Use====
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 3=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| ==Pediatric Indications and Dosage==
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| ===FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)===
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| ===Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)===
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| ====Guideline-Supported Use====
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| * Developed by: (Organisation)
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| * Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
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| * Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| * Developed by: (Organisation)
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| * Class of Recommendation: (Class) (Link)
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| * Strength of Evidence: (Category A/B/C) (Link)
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| ====Non–Guideline-Supported Use====
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| =====Condition 3=====
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| * Dosing Information
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| :: (Dosage)
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| ==Contraindications==
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| * Condition 1
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| * Condition 2
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| * Condition 3
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| * Condition 4
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| * Condition 5
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| ==Warnings==
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| =====Conidition 1=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Conidition 2=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Conidition 3=====
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| (Description)
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| ==Adverse Reactions==
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| ===Clinical Trials Experience===
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| ======Central Nervous System======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Cardiovascular======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Respiratory======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Gastrointestinal======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Hypersensitive Reactions======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Miscellaneous======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| ======Central Nervous System======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Cardiovascular======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Respiratory======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Gastrointestinal======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Hypersensitive Reactions======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ======Miscellaneous======
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| : (list/description of adverse reactions)
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| ===Postmarketing Experience===
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| (Description)
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| ==Drug Interactions==
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| * Drug 1
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| * Drug 2
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| * Drug 3
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| * Drug 4
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| * Drug 5
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| =====Drug 1=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Drug 2=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Drug 3=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Drug 4=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Drug 5=====
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| (Description)
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| ==Use in Specific Populations==
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| ====Pregnancy====
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| : '''[[Pregnancy category#United States|Pregnancy Category (FDA)]]: X'''
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| : '''[[Pregnancy category#Australia|Pregnancy Category (AUS)]]: X'''
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| (Description)
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| ====Labor and Delivery====
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| (Description)
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| ====Nursing Mothers====
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| (Description)
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| ====Pediatric Use====
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| (Description)
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| ====Geriatric Use====
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| (Description)
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| ====Gender====
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| (Description)
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| ====Race====
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| (Description)
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| ====Renal Impairment====
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| (Description)
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| ====Hepatic Impairment====
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| (Description)
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| ====Females of Reproductive Potential and Males====
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| (Description)
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| ====Immunocompromised Patients====
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| (Description)
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| ==Administration and Monitoring==
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| ====Administration====
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| (Oral/Intravenous/etc)
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| ====Monitoring====
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| (Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| (Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
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| =====Condition 3=====
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| (Description regarding monitoring, from ''Warnings'' section)
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| ==IV Compatibility==
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| ===Solution===
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| ====Compatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Not Tested====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Variable====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Incompatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ===Y-Site===
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| ====Compatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Not Tested====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Variable====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Incompatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ===Admixture===
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| ====Compatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Not Tested====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Variable====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Incompatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ===Syringe===
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| ====Compatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Not Tested====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Variable====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Incompatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ===TPN/TNA===
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| ====Compatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Not Tested====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Variable====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ====Incompatible====
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| * Solution 1
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| * Solution 2
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| * Solution 3
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| ==Overdosage==
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| ===Acute Overdose===
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| ====Signs and Symptoms====
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| (Description)
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| ====Management====
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| (Description)
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| ===Chronic Overdose===
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| ====Signs and Symptoms====
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| (Description)
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| ====Management====
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| (Description)
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| ==Pharmacology==
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| {{Drugbox2
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| | verifiedrevid =
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| | IUPAC_name =
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| | image =
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| | drug_name =
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| <!--Clinical data-->
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| | tradename =
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| | MedlinePlus =
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| | licence_US =
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| | pregnancy_AU =
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| | pregnancy_US =
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration =
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| <!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
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| | bioavailability =
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life =
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| | excretion =
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| <!--Identifiers-->
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| | CAS_number_Ref =
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| | CAS_number =
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| | ATC_prefix =
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| | ATC_suffix =
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| | PubChem =
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| | IUPHAR_ligand =
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| | DrugBank_Ref =
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| | DrugBank =
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| | ChemSpiderID_Ref =
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| | ChemSpiderID =
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| | UNII_Ref =
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| | UNII =
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| | KEGG_Ref =
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| | KEGG =
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| | ChEBI_Ref =
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| | ChEBI =
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| | ChEMBL_Ref =
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| | ChEMBL =
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| | |
| <!--Chemical data-->
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| | C= | H= | N= | O=
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| | molecular_weight =
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| | smiles =
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| | InChI =
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| | InChIKey =
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| | StdInChI_Ref =
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| | StdInChI =
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| | StdInChIKey_Ref =
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| | StdInChIKey =
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| | melting_point =
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| }}
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| ===Mechanism of Action===
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| Benazepril and benazeprilat inhibit [[angiotensin-converting enzyme]] ([[ACE]]) in human subjects and animals. [[ACE]] is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of [[angiotensin I]] to the vasoconstrictor substance, [[angiotensin II]]. Angiotensin II also stimulates [[aldosterone]] secretion by the [[adrenal cortex]]. | |
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| Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased [[aldosterone]] secretion. The latter decrease may result in a small increase of serum [[potassium]]. [[Hypertensive]] patients treated with Lotensin alone for up to 52 weeks had elevations of serum [[potassium]] of up to 0.2 mEq/L. Similar patients treated with Lotensin and [[hydrochlorothiazide]] for up to 24 weeks had no consistent changes in their serum potassium (see PRECAUTIONS).
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| Removal of [[angiotensin II]] negative feedback on [[renin]] secretion leads to increased plasma [[renin]] activity. In animal studies, benazepril had no inhibitory effect on the vasopressor response to [[angiotensin II]] and did not interfere with the hemodynamic effects of the autonomic [[neurotransmitters]] [[acetylcholine]], [[epinephrine]], and [[norepinephrine]].
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| ACE is identical to [[kininase]], an enzyme that degrades [[bradykinin]]. Whether increased levels of [[bradykinin]], a potent vasodepressor peptide, play a role in the therapeutic effects of Lotensin remains to be elucidated.
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| While the mechanism through which benazepril lowers [[blood pressure]] is believed to be primarily suppression of the [[renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system]], benazepril has an [[antihypertensive]] effect even in patients with low-renin [[hypertension]] (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE).
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| ===Structure===
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| (Description with picture)
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| ===Pharmacodynamics===
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| Single and multiple doses of 10 mg or more of Lotensin cause inhibition of plasma ACE activity by at least 80%-90% for at least 24 hours after dosing. Pressor responses to exogenous angiotensin I were inhibited by 60%-90% (up to 4 hours post-dose) at the 10-mg dose.
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| ===Pharmacokinetics===
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| (Description)
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| ===Nonclinical Toxicology===
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| (Description)
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| ==Clinical Studies==
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| =====Condition 1=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Condition 2=====
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| (Description)
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| =====Condition 3=====
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| (Description)
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| ==How Supplied==
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| (Description)
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| * National Drug Code (NDC):
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| * Storage:
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| * Manufactured by:
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| * Distributed by:
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| ==Images==
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| ===Drug Images===
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| (PillBox Images)
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| ===Package and Label Display Panel===
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| (Package Images)
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| (Display Panel Images)
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| ==Patient Information==
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| ===Patient Information from FDA===
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| (Patient Counseling Information)
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| ===Patient Information from NLM===
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| (Link to patient information page)
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| ==Precautions with Alcohol==
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| Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
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| ==Look-Alike Drug Names==
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| * (Paired Confused Name 1a) — (Paired Confused Name 1b)
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| * (Paired Confused Name 2a) — (Paired Confused Name 2b)
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| * (Paired Confused Name 3a) — (Paired Confused Name 3b)
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| ==[http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/drugshortages/ucm050792.htm Drug Shortage Status]==
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| ==[http://www.goodrx.com/{{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}/price Price]==
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| </div>
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