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==Overview==
==Main Page==
Tick-borne [[pathogens]] are able to [[infect]] humans when a tick carrying them bites a person.
Different [[pathogens]] may be carried by a tick, including: ''[[bacteria]]'', ''[[viruses]]'', or ''[[parasites]]''. Usually each kind of tick is associated with a specific [[pathogen]]. According to this, patients will present different [[symptoms]] and a different [[therapy|treatment]] will be required. Some ticks are more common in certain areas of the United States, however some populations of these may be found in other areas.
People who work outdoors, particularly in areas with vegetation, are at higher [[Risk factor|risk]] of being bitten by a tick carrying a [[pathogen]], especially during warm seasons.


==Tick-borne diseases==


===Most Common in the US===
'''''Please click on the specific skin and soft-tissue infections below for further information.'''''
====Lyme disease====


====Babesiosis====
{| style="border: 2px solid #4479BA;" align="center"
! style="width: 150px; background: #4479BA;" colspan=2 |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Anatomic Layers of the Skin}}
! style="width: 150px; background: #4479BA;"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Condition}}
! style="width: 500px; background: #4479BA;"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition<sup>†</sup>}}
! style="width: 100px; background: #4479BA;"|{{fontcolor|#FFF|Image}}
|-
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF;" | [[File:Epidermis.png|x100%|link=Epidermis]]
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | [[Epidermis]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Impetigo]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Superficial pyogenic infection of the skin which usually begins as [[vesicle]]s with a very thin, fragile roof consisting only of [[stratum corneum]].
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Impetigo elbow.jpg|100px|link=Impetigo]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF;" rowspan=5 | [[File:Dermis.png|x100%|link=Dermis]]
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" rowspan=5 | [[Dermis]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Erysipelas]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Infection of the upper [[dermis]] including the superficial [[lymphatics]] which typically presents as an indurated, "peau d’orange" lesion with a raised border that is demarcated from uninvolved skin.
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Facial erysipelas.jpg|100px|link=Erysipelas]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Folliculitis]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Inflammation and/or infection of the [[hair follicle]] in which [[suppuration]] presents in the [[epidermis]].
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Folliculitis.jpg|100px|link=Folliculitis]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Furuncle|Furuncle<BR>(Boil)]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Infection of the [[hair follicle]] in which [[suppuration]] extends through the [[dermis]] into the [[subcutaneous tissue]]. Each lesion consists of a deep-seated inflammatory [[nodule]] and an overlying [[pustule]] through which hair emerges.
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Furuncle.jpg|100px|link=Furuncle]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Carbuncle]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Infection of several adjacent [[hair follicle]]s, producing a coalescent inflammatory mass with [[pus]] draining from multiple follicular orifices.
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Carbuncle on buttok.JPG|100px|link=Carbuncle]]
|-
| style="padding: 50px 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" rowspan=2 | [[Cellulitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" rowspan=2 | Acute spreading infection of the deeper [[dermis]] and the [[subcutaneous tissue]] which lacks sharp demarcation from uninvolved skin.
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" rowspan=2 | [[File:Cellulitis4.jpg|100px|link=Cellulitis]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF;" rowspan=2 | [[File:Subcutaneous tissue.png|x100%|link=subcutaneous tissue]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F8F8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" rowspan=2 | [[Subcutaneous tissue|Subcutaneous<BR>Tissue]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Necrotizing fasciitis|Necrotizing<BR>Fasciitis]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Rapidly progressive infection of deep [[fascia]] associated with bullae and [[necrosis]] of underlying skin.
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Necrotizing fasciitis left leg.JPEG|100px|link=Necrotizing fasciitis]]
|-
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF;" | [[File:Muscle layer.png|x100%|link=Muscle]]
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F8F8FF; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | [[Muscle]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%;" | [[Gas gangrene|Myonecrosis<BR>(Gas Gangrene)]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Rapidly progressive toxemic infection of injured muscle, producing marked [[edema]], [[crepitus]], and brown bullae, characterized by extensive gaseous dissection of muscle and fascial planes on radiography.
| style="padding: 0 0px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[File:Gas gangrene.jpg|100px|link=Myonecrosis]]
|}


====Ehrlichiosis====
<sup>†</sup><SMALL>Adapted from ''Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(10):1373-406.'',<ref name="pmid16231249">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Everett ED, Dellinger P, Goldstein EJ et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 41 | issue= 10 | pages= 1373-406 | pmid=16231249 | doi=10.1086/497143 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16231249  }} </ref> ''Rook's Textbook of Dermatology'',<ref name="Rook's Textbook of Dermatology">{{cite book | last = Rook | first = Arthur | title = Rook's textbook of dermatology | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Hoboken, NJ | year = 2010 | isbn = 1405161698 }}</ref> and ''Infectious Diseases of the Skin''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Elston | first = Dirk | title = Infectious diseases of the skin | publisher = Manson | location = London | year = 2011 | isbn = 1840761776 }}</ref></SMALL>


====Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever====


====Anaplasmosis====
==Extra images==


====Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness====
{| style="float: right;"
|  [[Image:American dog tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|American dog tick distribution]]
|}


====Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever====
{| style="float: right;"
|  [[Image:Blacklegged tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Blacklegged tick distribution]]
|}


====Tularemia====
{| style="float: right;"
|  [[Image:Brown dog tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Brown dog tick distribution]]
|}


===Less Common in the US===
====Colorado tick fever====


====Powassan encephalitis====
{| style="float: right;"
|  [[Image:Gulf coast tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Gulf coast tick distribution]]
|}


====Q fever====


===Tick Geographic Distribution===
{| style="float: right;"
|  [[Image:Lone star tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Lone star tick distribution]]
|}


==Risk Factors==
Which workers are at risk of infection?


All outdoor workers should check with their supervisor if they have questions about possible exposure to ticks. Workers at risk of tick-borne diseases include, but are not limited to, those working in the following:
{| style="float: right;"
|  [[Image:Rocky mountain wood tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Rocky mountain wood tick distribution]]
|}


Construction
{| style="float: right;"
Landscaping
|  [[Image:Western blacklegged tick.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Western blacklegged tick distribution]]
Forestry
|}
Brush clearing
Land surveying
Farming
Railroad work
Oil field work
Utility line work
Park or wildlife management
Other outdoor work
When are workers at risk of infection?


Ticks are usually more active in the months of April through October and peak in the summer months of June through August. The time of year when ticks are active may vary with the geographic region and climate. Outdoor workers should be extra careful to protect themselves in the late spring and summer when immature ticks are most active.
==Diagnosis==


 
==References==
==Common Symptoms==
{{reflist|2}}
 
 
==Recommendations==

Latest revision as of 05:01, 9 July 2014

Main Page

Please click on the specific skin and soft-tissue infections below for further information.

Anatomic Layers of the Skin Condition Definition† Image
x100% Epidermis Impetigo Superficial pyogenic infection of the skin which usually begins as vesicles with a very thin, fragile roof consisting only of stratum corneum.
x100% Dermis Erysipelas Infection of the upper dermis including the superficial lymphatics which typically presents as an indurated, "peau d’orange" lesion with a raised border that is demarcated from uninvolved skin.
Folliculitis Inflammation and/or infection of the hair follicle in which suppuration presents in the epidermis.
Furuncle
(Boil) 		Infection of the hair follicle in which suppuration extends through the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue. Each lesion consists of a deep-seated inflammatory nodule and an overlying pustule through which hair emerges.
Carbuncle Infection of several adjacent hair follicles, producing a coalescent inflammatory mass with pus draining from multiple follicular orifices.
Cellulitis Acute spreading infection of the deeper dermis and the subcutaneous tissue which lacks sharp demarcation from uninvolved skin.
x100% Subcutaneous
Tissue
Necrotizing
Fasciitis 		Rapidly progressive infection of deep fascia associated with bullae and necrosis of underlying skin.
x100% Muscle Myonecrosis
(Gas Gangrene) 		Rapidly progressive toxemic infection of injured muscle, producing marked edema, crepitus, and brown bullae, characterized by extensive gaseous dissection of muscle and fascial planes on radiography.

†Adapted from Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(10):1373-406.,[1] Rook's Textbook of Dermatology,[2] and Infectious Diseases of the Skin.[3]


Extra images

American dog tick distribution
Blacklegged tick distribution
Brown dog tick distribution


Gulf coast tick distribution


Lone star tick distribution


Rocky mountain wood tick distribution
Western blacklegged tick distribution


References

  1. ↑ Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Everett ED, Dellinger P, Goldstein EJ; et al. (2005). "Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections". Clin Infect Dis. 41 (10): 1373–406. doi:10.1086/497143. PMID 16231249.
  2. ↑ Rook, Arthur (2010). Rook's textbook of dermatology. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 1405161698.
  3. ↑ Elston, Dirk (2011). Infectious diseases of the skin. London: Manson. ISBN 1840761776.
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