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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Yersinia enterocolitica infection]] |
| {{CMG}}
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| {{SK}} pseudotuberculosis
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Yersiniosis''' is an [[infectious disease]] caused by a [[bacterium]] of the genus ''[[Yersinia]]''. In the [[United States]], most yersiniosis infections among humans are caused by ''Y. enterocolitica''. Yersiniosis is mentioned as a specific zoonotic disease to prevent outbreaks in European Council Directive 92/117/EEC.<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0117:EN:HTML European Council Directive 92/117/EEC]</ref> It is also known as '''pseudotuberculosis'''.<ref name=Dictionary>{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/medical_dictionary/ypsilon_yvon.html#yersiniosis |title=Yersiniosis |work=Medical Dictionary |accessdate=2013-01-28}}</ref>
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| ==Risk Factors==
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| The infection is thought to be contracted through the consumption of undercooked meat products, unpasteurized milk, or water contaminated by the bacteria. It has been also sometimes associated with handling raw chitterlings.<ref name="pmid12967503">{{cite journal |author=Jones TF |title=From pig to pacifier: chitterling-associated yersiniosis outbreak among black infants |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=1007–9 |date=August 2003 |pmid=12967503 |pmc=3020614 |doi= 10.3201/eid0908.030103|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no8/03-0103.htm}}</ref>
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| Infection with ''Y. enterocolitica'' occurs most often in young children.
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| == Symptoms ==
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| Infection with ''Y. enterocolitica'' can cause a variety of [[symptom]]s depending on the age of the person infected, therefore it's often referred to as "monkey of diseases". Common symptoms in children are [[fever]], [[abdominal pain]], and [[diarrhea]], which is often bloody. Symptoms typically develop 4 to 7 days after exposure and may last 1 to 3 weeks or longer. In older children and adults, right-sided abdominal pain and fever may be the predominant symptoms, and may be confused with [[appendicitis]]. In a small proportion of cases, complications such as skin rash, joint pains, ileitis, erythema nodosum, and sometimes septicemia, acute arthritis<ref name=Dictionary></ref> or the spread of bacteria to the bloodstream ([[bacteremia]]) can occur.
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| ==Treatment==
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| Treatment for gastroenteritis due to ''Y. enterocolitica'' is not needed in the majority of cases. Severe infections with systemic involvemenet (sepsis and bacteremia) often requires aggressive antibiotic therapy; the drugs of choice are doxycicline and an amynoglycoside. Alternatives include cefotaxime, co-trimoxazole and fluoroquinolones such as [[ciprofloxacin]].<ref>Torok E. Oxford MHandbook of Infect Dis and Microbiol, 2009</ref><ref name=Barron>
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| {{cite book
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| | author = Collins FM
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| | title = Pasteurella, and Francisella. ''In:'' Barron's Medical Microbiology ''(Barron S ''et al.'', eds.)
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| | edition = 4th
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| | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch
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| | year = 1996
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| | id = [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1621 (via NCBI Bookshelf)]
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| | isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}
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| </ref>
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
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| {{Gram-negative bacterial diseases}}
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