Keratoacanthoma: Difference between revisions

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{{SI}}
{{SI}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{KS}}{{Homa}}
 
==Overview==
 


'''Keratoacanthoma''' (KA) is a relatively common, benign, epithelial tumor that was previously considered to be a variant of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] (SCC). The etiology is unknown. No [[human papillomavirus]]-DNA sequences were detected in lesions by polymerase chain reaction. It is a disease of the elderly (mean age, 64 years) with an annual incidence rate of 104 per 100,000. It is not associated with internal malignancy. There may be a seasonal presentation of keratoacanthoma that suggests that ultraviolet radiation has an acute effect on the development of KA. KAs may develop in sites of previous trauma. Most cases are the “crateriform” type, which grow rapidly then undergo spontaneous regression. Less than 2% belong to the rare destructive variants with no regression and persistent invasive growth. These are referred to as keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum and mutilating keratoacanthomas and can lead to severe defects.  
'''Keratoacanthoma''' (KA) is a relatively common, benign, epithelial tumor that was previously considered to be a variant of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] (SCC). The etiology is unknown. No [[human papillomavirus]]-DNA sequences were detected in lesions by polymerase chain reaction. It is a disease of the elderly (mean age, 64 years) with an annual incidence rate of 104 per 100,000. It is not associated with internal malignancy. There may be a seasonal presentation of keratoacanthoma that suggests that ultraviolet radiation has an acute effect on the development of KA. KAs may develop in sites of previous trauma. Most cases are the “crateriform” type, which grow rapidly then undergo spontaneous regression. Less than 2% belong to the rare destructive variants with no regression and persistent invasive growth. These are referred to as keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum and mutilating keratoacanthomas and can lead to severe defects.  
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According to a review of literature by [[Robert A. Schwartz]], KA was once considered a benign neoplasm that resembled a highly malignant one (pseudomalignancy), but it is now viewed in an opposite light as a cancer that resembles a benign neoplasm (pseudobenignity).  KA is an abortive malignancy that rarely progresses into an invasive SCC. The KA may serve as a marker for the important [[autosomal dominant]] familial cancer syndrome, the [[Muir-Torre syndrome]], as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=14871228&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum]
According to a review of literature by [[Robert A. Schwartz]], KA was once considered a benign neoplasm that resembled a highly malignant one (pseudomalignancy), but it is now viewed in an opposite light as a cancer that resembles a benign neoplasm (pseudobenignity).  KA is an abortive malignancy that rarely progresses into an invasive SCC. The KA may serve as a marker for the important [[autosomal dominant]] familial cancer syndrome, the [[Muir-Torre syndrome]], as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene.[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=14871228&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_docsum]
==External links==
*[http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic206.htm eMedicine.com article on Keratoacanthoma]


<br>
<br>
[[fr:Kératoacanthome]]
[[fr:Kératoacanthome]]
[[pl:Rogowiak kolczystokomórkowy]]
[[pl:Rogowiak kolczystokomórkowy]]
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===physicalExamination===
===Physical Examination===
====Skin====
=====Face=====
=====Face=====
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:keratoacanthoma01.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma01.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma02.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma02.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma03.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma03.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma08.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma13.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma12.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma12.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma14.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma14.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma15.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma15.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma19.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma19.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma20.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma20.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma41.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma16.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma17.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma18.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma21.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma22.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma40.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
 
=====Extremities=====
<gallery>
Image:Keratoacanthoma23.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma24.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma28.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma29.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma30.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma31.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma32.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma33.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma34.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma44.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma45.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma46.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma47.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma48.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma49.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma50.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology
Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma04.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma05.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma06.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma07.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma41.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma25.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma26.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma08.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma11.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma35.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma36.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma42.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>


</gallery>
</gallery>


=====Extremities=====
=====Ear=====
<gallery>
Image:Keratoacanthoma09.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma10.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
=====Scalp=====
<gallery>
Image:Keratoacanthoma38.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma39.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Keratoacanthoma37.jpg|Keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
 
===Keratoacanthoma Pendulum===
<gallery>
 
Image:keratoacanthomapendulum01.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image:keratoacanthomapendulum02.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthomapendulum03.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthomapendulum04.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthomapendulum05.jpg|keratoacanthomapendulum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
===Keratoacanthoma-Linear Epidermal Nevus===
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:keratoacanthoma23.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus01.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma24.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus02.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma28.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus03.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma29.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus04.jpg|keratoacanthoma linearepidermalnevus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma30.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image:keratoacanthoma31.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma32.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma33.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma34.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma43.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma44.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma45.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma46.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma47.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma48.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma49.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:keratoacanthoma50.jpg|keratoacanthoma. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
</gallery>


==Differentiating keratoacanthoma from other Diseases==
<br />
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| colspan="5" |'''Skin examination'''
! colspan="2" |Diagnosis
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Type
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Color
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Texture
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Size
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Distribution
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dermoscopic Findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Keratoacanthoma]]'''<ref name="pmid26853179">{{cite journal| author=Kwiek B, Schwartz RA| title=Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 74 | issue= 6 | pages= 1220-33 | pmid=26853179 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26853179  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Macule]]
*[[Papule]]
* May have [[telangiectasias]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Skin]]-colored
* Mildly [[erythematous]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Prominent [[keratinous]] [[Core (anatomy)|core]] in the center of the [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 to 2.5 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
*[[Face]], [[neck]], [[hands]], and [[Arm|arms]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* White circles
*[[Keratin]]
*[[Blood]] spots
* White structureless zones
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Well-[[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]] [[squamous epithelium]]
* Central [[keratin]] core
*[[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]] + large [[eosinophilic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
*[[Dermal]] [[inflammatory]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Rapid [[growth]] (within weeks)
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19638070">{{cite journal| author=Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE| title=Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 1 | pages= 20-7 | pmid=19638070 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19638070  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Intracutaneous [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Shiny
* Flesh-colored or bluish-red
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Firm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* < 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas


* [[Head]] and [[neck]]
* [[Upper limbs]] and [[shoulder]]
* [[Lower limbs]] and [[hip]]
* [[Trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Milky red areas
* Linear
* Irregular [[vessels]]
*[[Polymorphic|Polymorphous]] [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Uniform [[cells]] with large [[basophilic]] [[nuclei]]
* Single-cell [[necrosis]]
* Frequent [[mitoses]]
* Lymphovascular [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]]
*[[Perineurium|Perineural]] [[invasion]]
* [[Epidermal]] involvement via [[pagetoid]] spread
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Older individuals with light [[skin]] tones
* Rapidly [[Growth|growing]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Dermatofibroma'''<ref name="LeeLee2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=MiWoo|last2=Lee|first2=WooJin|last3=Jung|first3=JoonMin|last4=Won|first4=ChongHyun|last5=Chang|first5=SungEun|last6=Choi|first6=JeeHo|last7=Moon|first7=KeeChan|title=Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibroma without gross skin surface change: A comparative study with conventional dermatofibroma|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology|volume=81|issue=3|year=2015|pages=263|issn=0378-6323|doi=10.4103/0378-6323.154795}}</ref><ref name="MentzelWiesner2012">{{cite journal|last1=Mentzel|first1=Thomas|last2=Wiesner|first2=Thomas|last3=Cerroni|first3=Lorenzo|last4=Hantschke|first4=Markus|last5=Kutzner|first5=Heinz|last6=Rütten|first6=Arno|last7=Häberle|first7=Michael|last8=Bisceglia|first8=Michele|last9=Chibon|first9=Frederic|last10=Coindre|first10=Jean-Michel|title=Malignant dermatofibroma: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of seven cases|journal=Modern Pathology|volume=26|issue=2|year=2012|pages=256–267|issn=0893-3952|doi=10.1038/modpathol.2012.157}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Hyperpigmentation|Hyperpigmented]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Firm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*0.3- 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Mostly seen in [[extremities]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Localized [[nodular]] [[proliferation]] of [[spindle]]-shaped [[fibrous]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] in a [[mixture]] of [[Histiocyte|histocytoid]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] inside the [[dermis]]
* Spiculated margin of cells
* “Storiform” [[pattern]]
*[[Collagen]] bundles
* "Grenz zone"
*[[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Slow [[growth]] over the years
!
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]]'''<ref name="BernardPoulalhon2013">{{cite journal|last1=Bernard|first1=J.|last2=Poulalhon|first2=N.|last3=Argenziano|first3=G.|last4=Debarbieux|first4=S.|last5=Dalle|first5=S.|last6=Thomas|first6=L.|title=Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 15 cases|journal=British Journal of Dermatology|volume=169|issue=1|year=2013|pages=85–90|issn=00070963|doi=10.1111/bjd.12318}}</ref><ref name="AcostaVélez2017">{{cite journal|last1=Acosta|first1=Alvaro E.|last2=Vélez|first2=Catalina Santa|title=Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans|journal=Current Treatment Options in Oncology|volume=18|issue=9|year=2017|issn=1527-2729|doi=10.1007/s11864-017-0498-5}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Patched|Patch]]
*[[Plaque]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Skin]]-[[Color|colored]], [[Violet (plant)|violet]] or [[Red-Al|reddish]]-[[brown]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Firm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*1-5 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Mostly seen in [[trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Presence of [[vessels]]
*[[Pigmentation|pigmented]] network
*pinkish [[background]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Highly [[cellular]] with [[Cells (biology)|cells]] having following [[Characteristic function (probability theory)|characteristics]]:
** Monomorphic
** Thin
** [[Spindle cells|Spindly]]
** Scant [[eosinophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]
** Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]] (resembling [[neurofibroma]])
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
!
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Kaposi sarcoma]]'''<ref name="CesarmanDamania2019">{{cite journal|last1=Cesarman|first1=Ethel|last2=Damania|first2=Blossom|last3=Krown|first3=Susan E.|last4=Martin|first4=Jeffrey|last5=Bower|first5=Mark|last6=Whitby|first6=Denise|title=Kaposi sarcoma|journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers|volume=5|issue=1|year=2019|issn=2056-676X|doi=10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9}}</ref><ref name="HuKe2009">{{cite journal|last1=Hu|first1=S C-S|last2=Ke|first2=C-L K|last3=Lee|first3=C-H|last4=Wu|first4=C-S|last5=Chen|first5=G-S|last6=Cheng|first6=S-T|title=Dermoscopy of Kaposi's sarcoma: Areas exhibiting the multicoloured ‘rainbow pattern’|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=23|issue=10|year=2009|pages=1128–1132|issn=09269959|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03239.x}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Macule]]
*[[Patched|Patch]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Red/violaceous
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Variable]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Mucus membrane]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Rainbow pattern
* scaly [[Surface area|surface]]
* Small brown globules
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Spindle cells]] with minimal [[nuclear]] [[atypia]]
* Excessive [[vascular]] [[proliferation]]
* Abundant [[Red blood cell|red blood cells]]
*[[RBC]] and [[hemosiderin]] [[extravasation]]
* Abundant [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]] and [[monocytes]]
* Premonitory sign
* Intracytoplasmic [[PAS stain|PAS]] +ve [[hyaline]] globules
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with [[AIDS|acquired immune deficiency syndrome]] ([[AIDS]])
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid10848931">{{cite journal| author=Petter G, Haustein UF| title=Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. | journal=Dermatol Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 521-30 | pmid=10848931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10848931  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of skin|'''SCC in situ (Bowen's disease''')]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Patched|Patch]]
*[[Plaque]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Erythematous]]
* Skin colored
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Scaly
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas


* In black individuals: [[Leg|legs]], [[anus]], and areas of [[chronic inflammation]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Presence of dotted and/or [[glomerular]] [[vessels]]
* White to yellowish [[Surface area|surface]] scales
* Red-yellowish [[background]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
* No [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] into [[dermis]]
*[[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
* Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Slow [[growth]] over the years
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Invasive squamous cell carcinoma'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papules|Papule]]
* [[Plaques|Plaque]]
* [[Nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Skin colored
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Induration|Indurated]] + [[Hyperkeratosis|hyperkeratotic]]  (well [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
* Soft + [[ulceration]] (poorly [[Cellular differentiation|differentiated]])
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 0.5 to 1.5 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
* In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* White circles
* White structureless areas
*[[Mass|Masses]] of [[keratin]]
*[[Hairpin]] and linear-irregular [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Keratinocyte|Keratinocytic]] [[dysplasia]] of the [[epidermis]]
* No [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] into [[dermis]]
* [[Pleomorphism|Pleomorphic]] [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
* Hyperchromatic [[nuclei]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* May be [[painful]] or [[Itch|pruritic]]
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Basal cell carcinoma]]'''<ref name="pmid22759209">{{cite journal| author=Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ| title=High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases. | journal=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | year= 2013 | volume= 27 | issue= 8 | pages= 985-9 | pmid=22759209 | doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22759209  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular basal cell carcinoma]]'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Flesh-colored
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Small [[Bumps on skin|bump]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Face]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing [[vessels]]
* Loosely arranged blue-gray dots
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Nest-like [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] with [[Basal cell|basaloid]] [[cells]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* May have a "rolled" [[Borderline|border]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Superficial basal cell carcinoma '''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Patched|Patch]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Erythematous]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Scaly
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 to > 10 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
* [[Head]] (cheek and nose)
* [[Trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Superficial]] fine [[Telangiectasias|telangiectasia]]
* Shiny white to red, [[translucent]] or opaque structureless areas
* Multiple small erosions
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Large, hyperchromatic, oval [[nuclei]]
* Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
* Small basaloid nodules
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Higher [[incidence]] in men
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)'''<ref name="pmid8959949">{{cite journal| author=Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA| title=Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 1996 | volume= 35 | issue= 6 | pages= 907-10 | pmid=8959949 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8959949  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Papule]]
*[[Plaque]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Flesh-colored
* [[Erythematous|Slightly erythematous]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Firm
* [[Induration|Indurated]]
* Indistinct [[Borderline|borders]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed areas
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Whitish [[background]]
* Few fine arborizing [[vessels]]
* Multiple brown dots
* [[Ulceration]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Thin columns + small nodules
* Highly [[Collagen|collagenized]] stroma
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Expression of [[Alpha-actin|smooth muscle protein alpha-actin]] in tumor [[stroma]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prurigo nodules'''<ref name="pmid25808786">{{cite journal| author=Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G| title=Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 6 | pages= 632-4 | pmid=25808786 | doi=10.1111/1346-8138.12844 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25808786  }}</ref><ref name="pmid20002240">{{cite journal| author=Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S| title=Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2010 | volume= 37 | issue= 5 | pages= 578-86 | pmid=20002240 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20002240  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dome-shaped [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Flesh-colored
* [[Erythematous]]
* Brown/black
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Firm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Extensor]] [[Surface area|surfaces]] of the [[Arm|arms]] and [[Leg|legs]] and on the [[trunk]]
* Upper [[back]], [[abdomen]], and [[sacrum]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* White "starburst pattern" surrounding red/brown/yellow crusts
*[[Erosion (dental)|Erosions]]
*[[Hyperkeratosis]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Thick and compact orthohyperkeratosis
* Irregular [[epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
* Focal parakeratosis with irregular [[Acanthosis nigricans|acanthosis]]
* Nonspecific [[dermal]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]] containing [[WBC|WBCs]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Nodule (medicine)|Nodules]] range in number from few to hundreds
* Worsened by [[heat]], [[sweating]], or [[irritation]] from clothing
|-
| rowspan="6" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid201377432">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Melanoma in situ''' (Lentigo Maligna)<ref name="pmid30266559">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Around 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-damaged [[skin]] of the [[head]] or [[neck]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric, [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] follicular openings
* Gray angulated lines
* Gray areas, dots, and globules
* Circle within a circle
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* '''↑''' atypical [[spindle]] shaped [[melanocytes]]
* Arranged in single [[Cells (biology)|cells]] or in small nests along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Darkening of [[pigmentation]], sharpening of borders, or emergence of [[nodular]] areas are [[signs]] of progression to [[lentigo maligna melanoma]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Lentigo maligna melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid302665592">{{cite journal| author=Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K| title=Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 80 | issue= 2 | pages= 532-537 | pmid=30266559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071 | pmc=6333487 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30266559  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Brown/tan
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Freckle]]-like
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Chronic|Chronically]] sun-damaged [[Area|areas]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric, [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] follicular openings
* Gray angulated lines
* Gray areas, dots, and globules
* Circle within a circle
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* "Star-burst giant cells" in [[epidermis]]
* "Swallow's nest" sign along the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
* Minimal [[cytoplasm]]
* Pale nucleus with small nucleoli
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Usually in older individuals
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Superficial spreading melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19782937">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I| title=Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis. | journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 142-8 | pmid=19782937 | doi=10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19782937  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
*[[Plaque]] with irregular [[Borderline|borders]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variably [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] (red, blue, black, gray, and white)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Thin
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 mm to > 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Anywhere but usually:
**[[Back]] ([[men]] and [[women]])
** Lower [[extremities]] ([[women]])
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetry of shape
* > 2 colors
* Asymmetry of structures
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric
* Poorly circumscribed
* Lack [[cellular]] [[maturation]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Lateral]] (radial) [[growth]] before [[Vertical direction|vertical]] ([[invasive]]) [[growth]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nodular melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid12734496">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F et al.| title=Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2003 | volume= 48 | issue= 5 | pages= 679-93 | pmid=12734496 | doi=10.1067/mjd.2003.281 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12734496  }}</ref><ref name="MenziesMoloney2013">{{cite journal|last1=Menzies|first1=Scott W.|last2=Moloney|first2=Fergal J.|last3=Byth|first3=Karen|last4=Avramidis|first4=Michelle|last5=Argenziano|first5=Giuseppe|last6=Zalaudek|first6=Iris|last7=Braun|first7=Ralph P.|last8=Malvehy|first8=Josep|last9=Puig|first9=Susana|last10=Rabinovitz|first10=Harold S.|last11=Oliviero|first11=Margaret|last12=Cabo|first12=Horacio|last13=Bono|first13=Riccardo|last14=Pizzichetta|first14=Maria A.|last15=Claeson|first15=Magdalena|last16=Gaffney|first16=Daniel C.|last17=Soyer|first17=H. Peter|last18=Stanganelli|first18=Ignazio|last19=Scolyer|first19=Richard A.|last20=Guitera|first20=Pascale|last21=Kelly|first21=John|last22=McCurdy|first22=Olivia|last23=Llambrich|first23=Alex|last24=Marghoob|first24=Ashfaq A.|last25=Zaballos|first25=Pedro|last26=Kirchesch|first26=Herbert M.|last27=Piccolo|first27=Domenico|last28=Bowling|first28=Jonathan|last29=Thomas|first29=Luc|last30=Terstappen|first30=Karin|last31=Tanaka|first31=Masaru|last32=Pellacani|first32=Giovanni|last33=Pagnanelli|first33=Gianluca|last34=Ghigliotti|first34=Giovanni|last35=Ortega|first35=Blanca Carlos|last36=Crafter|first36=Greg|last37=Ortiz|first37=Ana María Perusquía|last38=Tromme|first38=Isabelle|last39=Karaarslan|first39=Isil Kilinc|last40=Ozdemir|first40=Fezal|last41=Tam|first41=Anthony|last42=Landi|first42=Christian|last43=Norton|first43=Peter|last44=Kaçar|first44=Nida|last45=Rudnicka|first45=Lidia|last46=Slowinska|first46=Monika|last47=Simionescu|first47=Olga|last48=Di Stefani|first48=Alessandro|last49=Coates|first49=Elliot|last50=Kreusch|first50=Juergen|title=Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma|journal=JAMA Dermatology|volume=149|issue=6|year=2013|pages=699|issn=2168-6068|doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Polyploidy|Polypoid]] [[nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dark color
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Lump]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 6mm to > 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Trunk]]
*[[Head]]
*[[Neck]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Pigment]] network or pseudonetwork
* Aggregated brown or black globules
* Blue [[pigmentation]] within [[lesion]]
* Small dotted or comma [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Cells (biology)|Cells]] [[proliferate]] downwards through the [[skin]]
*[[Dermal]] [[growth]] in isolation or in association with an [[epidermal]] component
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Two-thirds arise in normal [[skin]], the rest in existing [[moles]]
* Rapidly enlarging
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Acral lentiginous melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid19922528">{{cite journal| author=Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L| title=Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population. | journal=Br J Dermatol | year= 2010 | volume= 162 | issue= 4 | pages= 765-71 | pmid=19922528 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19922528  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macule]]
*[[Patched|Patch]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dark brown to black
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Raised [[Area|areas]]
* [[Ulceration]]
* [[Bleeding]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Palmar]]
*[[Plantar]]
* Subungual
*[[Mucosal]] surfaces
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Parallel-ridge [[pattern]]
* Irregular [[diffuse]] [[pigmentation]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Asymmetric [[proliferation]] of single [[melanocytes]] at dermoepidermal junction
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Most common among dark [[Skin|skinned]] individuals
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Amelanotic melanoma]]'''<ref name="pmid23197217">{{cite journal| author=Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG| title=Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma. | journal=An Bras Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 920-3 | pmid=23197217 | doi= | pmc=3699915 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23197217  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Patched|Patch]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Skin]] color
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Slightly elevated [[Borderline|borders]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Around 6 mm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed [[Area|areas]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* No [[melanin]] [[pigmentation]]
* Dotted [[vessels]]
* Linear irregular [[vessels]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Lesion|Lesions]] not [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]] since they don't produce [[melanin]]
*
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Nevus|Common nevus]]<ref name="pmid20137743">{{cite journal| author=Witt C, Krengel S| title=Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi). | journal=Dermatol Online J | year= 2010 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 1 | pmid=20137743 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20137743  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12753404">{{cite journal| author=Bauer J, Garbe C| title=Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data. | journal=Pigment Cell Res | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 3 | pages= 297-306 | pmid=12753404 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12753404  }}</ref>'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dome-shaped  [[nodules]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Hypopigmentation|Hypopigmented]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth [[Surface area|surface]]
* Terminal [[hairs]]  often present
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 1 cm to > 20 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed [[Area|areas]] above the [[waist]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Comma-shaped or curved [[vessels]]
* Structureless light brown [[background]]
* Residual brown thick circles around the [[hair follicles]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Multinucleated]] [[melanocytes]]
* [[Melanocyte|Melanocytes]] diffusely [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]] [[dermis]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Also called Miescher [[nevus]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Blue nevus]]'''<ref name="pmid11224601">{{cite journal| author=Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm  MC, Busam K| title=Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'. | journal=Am J Surg Pathol | year= 2001 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 316-23 | pmid=11224601 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11224601  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Macules|Macule]]
* [[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Blue
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Head]] and [[neck]],
*[[Dorsal]] aspect of the [[distal]] [[extremities]]
*[[Sacral]] [[area]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Structureless blue [[pigmentation]]
* Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Proliferation]] of [[Dendritic cell|dendritic]], [[dermal]], [[melanin]]-producing [[melanocytes]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Also called [[Mongolian spot|Mongolian spots]]
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Spitz nevus'''<ref name="pmid22082838">{{cite journal| author=Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H| title=Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses. | journal=J Am Acad Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 65 | issue= 6 | pages= 1073-84 | pmid=22082838 | doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040 | pmc=3217183 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22082838  }}</ref><ref name="pmid21494025">{{cite journal| author=Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G et al.| title=Natural evolution of Spitz nevi. | journal=Dermatology | year= 2011 | volume= 222 | issue= 3 | pages= 256-60 | pmid=21494025 | doi=10.1159/000326109 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21494025  }}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Nonpigmented Spitz nevus'''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Nodule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Pink
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* < 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Cheek]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Coiled [[vessels]]
* White network over a pink to reddish [[background]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* In [[children]] and [[Adolescent|adolescents]]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Reed-like Spitz'''<ref name="pmid27222770">{{cite journal| author=Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A| title=Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= 2 | pages= 37-41 | pmid=27222770 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0602a07 | pmc=4866625 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27222770  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Heavily [[Pigmented lesions|pigmented]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* < 1 cm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Head]] and [[neck]]
* Upper and lower [[extremities]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Structureless black to gray center
* [[Hypopigmented area|Hypopigmented]] follicular openings
* Peripheral streaks
* [[Pseudopods]]
* Globules
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Enlarged [[spindle]] [[melanocytes]] with polyangular form
* "Ground glass" [[cytoplasm]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Most commonly develops in [[children]], [[Adolescent|adolescents]], and young [[Adult|adults]].
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Solar lentigo]]'''<ref name="pmid21175756">{{cite journal| author=Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K| title=Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo. | journal=J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 38 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-8 | pmid=21175756 | doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21175756  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Multiple spots
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Brown
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Smooth
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Around 5mm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Sun-exposed [[Area|areas]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Faint [[Pigment|pigmented]] [[fingerprint]] structures
* Structureless [[pattern]]
* Light brown pseudonetwork with well-defined [[Borderline|borders]] and a "moth-eaten" edge
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* '''↑''' [[melanin]] deposition in [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]]
* '''↑''' linear arrangement of [[melanocytes]] at the [[Epidermal junctions|dermal-epidermal junction]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Sebaceous hyperplasia]]'''<ref name="pmid24520522">{{cite journal| author=Sato T, Tanaka M| title=Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2014 | volume= 4 | issue= 1 | pages= 93-5 | pmid=24520522 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0401a16 | pmc=3919849 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24520522  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papule]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Skin]]-colored to brownish
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[[Umbilicated lesions|Umbilicated]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* 2 - 6 mm
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Forehead]]
* [[Nose]]
* [[Cheeks]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown [[vessels]]"
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Usually in middle-aged or older [[patients]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Lichen planus-like keratosis'''<ref name="pmid16148406">{{cite journal| author=Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S| title=Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases. | journal=Am J Dermatopathol | year= 2005 | volume= 27 | issue= 5 | pages= 387-92 | pmid=16148406 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16148406  }}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Papule]]
* [[Plaques|Plaque]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Gray to brown
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Prominent
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Upper trunk]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Shows a coarse or fine, gray to blue, granular [[pigmentation]]
*[[Diffuse]] brownish gray [[granules]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Hypergranulosis]]
* [[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
*[[Superficial]] bandlike  [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]]
* Melanophages
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Appearance depends on stage of evolution
|}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
*[http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic206.htm eMedicine.com article on Keratoacanthoma]


[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
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Latest revision as of 16:51, 27 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Homa Najafi, M.D.[3]

Overview

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common, benign, epithelial tumor that was previously considered to be a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The etiology is unknown. No human papillomavirus-DNA sequences were detected in lesions by polymerase chain reaction. It is a disease of the elderly (mean age, 64 years) with an annual incidence rate of 104 per 100,000. It is not associated with internal malignancy. There may be a seasonal presentation of keratoacanthoma that suggests that ultraviolet radiation has an acute effect on the development of KA. KAs may develop in sites of previous trauma. Most cases are the “crateriform” type, which grow rapidly then undergo spontaneous regression. Less than 2% belong to the rare destructive variants with no regression and persistent invasive growth. These are referred to as keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum and mutilating keratoacanthomas and can lead to severe defects.

KA begins as a smooth, dome-shaped, red papule that resembles molluscum contagiosum. In a few weeks the tumor may rapidly expand to 1 or 2cm and develop a central keratin-filled crater that is frequently filled with crust. The growth retains its smooth surface, unlike a squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated, growth stops in approximately 6 weeks, and the tumor remains unchanged for an indefinite period. In the majority of cases it then regresses slowly over 2 to 12 months and frequently heals with scarring. The limbs, particularly the sun-exposed hands and arms, are the most common site; the trunk is the second most common site, but KA may occur on any skin surface, including the anal area. On occasion, multiple KAs appear, or a single lesion extends over several centimeters. These variants resist treatment and are unlikely to undergo spontaneous emission.

According to a review of literature by Robert A. Schwartz, KA was once considered a benign neoplasm that resembled a highly malignant one (pseudomalignancy), but it is now viewed in an opposite light as a cancer that resembles a benign neoplasm (pseudobenignity). KA is an abortive malignancy that rarely progresses into an invasive SCC. The KA may serve as a marker for the important autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome, the Muir-Torre syndrome, as a result of a defective DNA mismatch repair gene.[4]


Diagnosis

Physical Examination

Skin

Face
Extremities
Ear
Scalp

Keratoacanthoma Pendulum

Keratoacanthoma-Linear Epidermal Nevus

Differentiating keratoacanthoma from other Diseases


Diseases Skin examination Diagnosis Additional findings
Type Color Texture Size Distribution Dermoscopic Findings Histopathology
Keratoacanthoma[2]
  • 1 to 2.5 cm
Merkel cell carcinoma[3]
  • Shiny
  • Flesh-colored or bluish-red
  • Firm
  • < 1 cm
  • Sun-exposed areas
  • Older individuals with light skin tones
  • Rapidly growing
Dermatofibroma[4][5]
  • Firm
  • 0.3- 1 cm
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans[6][7]
  • Firm
  • 1-5 cm
Kaposi sarcoma[8][9]
  • Red/violaceous
  • Smooth
  • Rainbow pattern
  • scaly surface
  • Small brown globules
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma[10] SCC in situ (Bowen's disease)
  • Scaly
  • Variable
  • Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma
  • Skin colored
  • 0.5 to 1.5 cm
  • Fair-skinned individuals: sun-exposed areas
  • In black individuals: legs, anus, and areas of chronic inflammation
Basal cell carcinoma[11] Nodular basal cell carcinoma
  • Flesh-colored
  • Variable
  • Focused, bright red, and branching arborizing vessels
  • Loosely arranged blue-gray dots
Superficial basal cell carcinoma
  • Scaly
  • 1 to > 10 cm
  • Sun-exposed areas
  • Head (cheek and nose)
  • Trunk
  • Large, hyperchromatic, oval nuclei
  • Minimal cytoplasm
  • Small basaloid nodules
Sclerosing basal cell carcinoma (morpheaform)[12]
  • Variable
  • Sun-exposed areas
Prurigo nodules[13][14]
  • Firm
  • Variable
Melanoma[15] Melanoma in situ (Lentigo Maligna)[16]
  • Variable (from light to dark brown, black, pink, red, or white)
  • Smooth
  • Around 1 cm
  • Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings
  • Gray angulated lines
  • Gray areas, dots, and globules
  • Circle within a circle
Lentigo maligna melanoma[17]
  • Brown/tan
  • Variable
  • Asymmetric, pigmented follicular openings
  • Gray angulated lines
  • Gray areas, dots, and globules
  • Circle within a circle
  • Usually in older individuals
Superficial spreading melanoma[18]
  • Variably pigmented (red, blue, black, gray, and white)
  • Thin
  • 1 mm to > 1 cm
  • Asymmetry of shape
  • > 2 colors
  • Asymmetry of structures
Nodular melanoma[19][20]
  • Dark color
  • 6mm to > 1 cm
  • Two-thirds arise in normal skin, the rest in existing moles
  • Rapidly enlarging
Acral lentiginous melanoma[21]
  • Dark brown to black
  • Variable
  • Most common among dark skinned individuals
Amelanotic melanoma[22]
  • Around 6 mm
Common nevus[23][24]
  • 1 cm to > 20 cm
  • Also called Miescher nevus
Blue nevus[25]
  • Blue
  • Smooth
  • Variable
  • Structureless blue pigmentation
  • Structureless blue and white or blue and brown on some occasions
Spitz nevus[26][27] Nonpigmented Spitz nevus
  • Pink
  • Smooth
  • < 1 cm
Reed-like Spitz[28]
  • Smooth
  • < 1 cm
Solar lentigo[29]
  • Multiple spots
  • Brown
  • Smooth
  • Around 5mm
  • Associated with UV exposure and skin aging
Sebaceous hyperplasia[30]
  • Skin-colored to brownish
  • 2 - 6 mm
  • Structureless yellow to whitish center surrounded by short linear "crown vessels"
  • Usually in middle-aged or older patients
Lichen planus-like keratosis[31]
  • Gray to brown
  • Prominent
  • Variable
  • Appearance depends on stage of evolution


References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 "Dermatology Atlas".
  2. ↑ Kwiek B, Schwartz RA (2016). "Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review". J Am Acad Dermatol. 74 (6): 1220–33. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.033. PMID 26853179.
  3. ↑ Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (2010). "Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.
  4. ↑ Lee, MiWoo; Lee, WooJin; Jung, JoonMin; Won, ChongHyun; Chang, SungEun; Choi, JeeHo; Moon, KeeChan (2015). "Clinical and histological patterns of dermatofibroma without gross skin surface change: A comparative study with conventional dermatofibroma". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 81 (3): 263. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.154795. ISSN 0378-6323.
  5. ↑ Mentzel, Thomas; Wiesner, Thomas; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Hantschke, Markus; Kutzner, Heinz; Rütten, Arno; Häberle, Michael; Bisceglia, Michele; Chibon, Frederic; Coindre, Jean-Michel (2012). "Malignant dermatofibroma: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of seven cases". Modern Pathology. 26 (2): 256–267. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.157. ISSN 0893-3952.
  6. ↑ Bernard, J.; Poulalhon, N.; Argenziano, G.; Debarbieux, S.; Dalle, S.; Thomas, L. (2013). "Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a study of 15 cases". British Journal of Dermatology. 169 (1): 85–90. doi:10.1111/bjd.12318. ISSN 0007-0963.
  7. ↑ Acosta, Alvaro E.; Vélez, Catalina Santa (2017). "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans". Current Treatment Options in Oncology. 18 (9). doi:10.1007/s11864-017-0498-5. ISSN 1527-2729.
  8. ↑ Cesarman, Ethel; Damania, Blossom; Krown, Susan E.; Martin, Jeffrey; Bower, Mark; Whitby, Denise (2019). "Kaposi sarcoma". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 5 (1). doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9. ISSN 2056-676X.
  9. ↑ Hu, S C-S; Ke, C-L K; Lee, C-H; Wu, C-S; Chen, G-S; Cheng, S-T (2009). "Dermoscopy of Kaposi's sarcoma: Areas exhibiting the multicoloured 'rainbow pattern'". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 23 (10): 1128–1132. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03239.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
  10. ↑ Petter G, Haustein UF (2000). "Histologic subtyping and malignancy assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma". Dermatol Surg. 26 (6): 521–30. PMID 10848931.
  11. ↑ Wolberink EA, Pasch MC, Zeiler M, van Erp PE, Gerritsen MJ (2013). "High discordance between punch biopsy and excision in establishing basal cell carcinoma subtype: analysis of 500 cases". J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 27 (8): 985–9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04628.x. PMID 22759209.
  12. ↑ Wrone DA, Swetter SM, Egbert BM, Smoller BR, Khavari PA (1996). "Increased proportion of aggressive-growth basal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Affairs population of Palo Alto, California". J Am Acad Dermatol. 35 (6): 907–10. PMID 8959949.
  13. ↑ Errichetti E, Piccirillo A, Stinco G (2015). "Dermoscopy of prurigo nodularis". J Dermatol. 42 (6): 632–4. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.12844. PMID 25808786.
  14. ↑ Weigelt N, Metze D, Ständer S (2010). "Prurigo nodularis: systematic analysis of 58 histological criteria in 136 patients". J Cutan Pathol. 37 (5): 578–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01484.x. PMID 20002240.
  15. ↑ Witt C, Krengel S (2010). "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi)". Dermatol Online J. 16 (1): 1. PMID 20137743.
  16. ↑ Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K (2019). "Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (2): 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071. PMC 6333487. PMID 30266559.
  17. ↑ Connolly KL, Giordano C, Dusza S, Busam KJ, Nehal K (2019). "Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. 80 (2): 532–537. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.071. PMC 6333487. PMID 30266559.
  18. ↑ Argenziano G, Ferrara G, Francione S, Di Nola K, Martino A, Zalaudek I (2009). "Dermoscopy--the ultimate tool for melanoma diagnosis". Semin Cutan Med Surg. 28 (3): 142–8. doi:10.1016/j.sder.2009.06.001. PMID 19782937.
  19. ↑ Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Chimenti S, Talamini R, Corona R, Sera F; et al. (2003). "Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions: results of a consensus meeting via the Internet". J Am Acad Dermatol. 48 (5): 679–93. doi:10.1067/mjd.2003.281. PMID 12734496.
  20. ↑ Menzies, Scott W.; Moloney, Fergal J.; Byth, Karen; Avramidis, Michelle; Argenziano, Giuseppe; Zalaudek, Iris; Braun, Ralph P.; Malvehy, Josep; Puig, Susana; Rabinovitz, Harold S.; Oliviero, Margaret; Cabo, Horacio; Bono, Riccardo; Pizzichetta, Maria A.; Claeson, Magdalena; Gaffney, Daniel C.; Soyer, H. Peter; Stanganelli, Ignazio; Scolyer, Richard A.; Guitera, Pascale; Kelly, John; McCurdy, Olivia; Llambrich, Alex; Marghoob, Ashfaq A.; Zaballos, Pedro; Kirchesch, Herbert M.; Piccolo, Domenico; Bowling, Jonathan; Thomas, Luc; Terstappen, Karin; Tanaka, Masaru; Pellacani, Giovanni; Pagnanelli, Gianluca; Ghigliotti, Giovanni; Ortega, Blanca Carlos; Crafter, Greg; Ortiz, Ana María Perusquía; Tromme, Isabelle; Karaarslan, Isil Kilinc; Ozdemir, Fezal; Tam, Anthony; Landi, Christian; Norton, Peter; Kaçar, Nida; Rudnicka, Lidia; Slowinska, Monika; Simionescu, Olga; Di Stefani, Alessandro; Coates, Elliot; Kreusch, Juergen (2013). "Dermoscopic Evaluation of Nodular Melanoma". JAMA Dermatology. 149 (6): 699. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.2466. ISSN 2168-6068.
  21. ↑ Phan A, Dalle S, Touzet S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L (2010). "Dermoscopic features of acral lentiginous melanoma in a large series of 110 cases in a white population". Br J Dermatol. 162 (4): 765–71. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09594.x. PMID 19922528.
  22. ↑ Steglich RB, Meotti CD, Ferreira MS, Lovatto L, de Carvalho AV, de Castro CG (2012). "Dermoscopic clues in the diagnosis of amelanotic and hypomelanotic malignant melanoma". An Bras Dermatol. 87 (6): 920–3. PMC 3699915. PMID 23197217.
  23. ↑ Witt C, Krengel S (2010). "Clinical and epidemiological aspects of subtypes of melanocytic nevi (Flat nevi, Miescher nevi, Unna nevi)". Dermatol Online J. 16 (1): 1. PMID 20137743.
  24. ↑ Bauer J, Garbe C (2003). "Acquired melanocytic nevi as risk factor for melanoma development. A comprehensive review of epidemiological data". Pigment Cell Res. 16 (3): 297–306. PMID 12753404.
  25. ↑ Granter SR, McKee PH, Calonje E, Mihm MC, Busam K (2001). "Melanoma associated with blue nevus and melanoma mimicking cellular blue nevus: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases on the spectrum of so-called 'malignant blue nevus'". Am J Surg Pathol. 25 (3): 316–23. PMID 11224601.
  26. ↑ Luo S, Sepehr A, Tsao H (2011). "Spitz nevi and other Spitzoid lesions part I. Background and diagnoses". J Am Acad Dermatol. 65 (6): 1073–84. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.040. PMC 3217183. PMID 22082838.
  27. ↑ Argenziano G, Agozzino M, Bonifazi E, Broganelli P, Brunetti B, Ferrara G; et al. (2011). "Natural evolution of Spitz nevi". Dermatology. 222 (3): 256–60. doi:10.1159/000326109. PMID 21494025.
  28. ↑ Pedrosa AF, Lopes JM, Azevedo F, Mota A (2016). "Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological correlation". Dermatol Pract Concept. 6 (2): 37–41. doi:10.5826/dpc.0602a07. PMC 4866625. PMID 27222770.
  29. ↑ Tanaka M, Sawada M, Kobayashi K (2011). "Key points in dermoscopic differentiation between lentigo maligna and solar lentigo". J Dermatol. 38 (1): 53–8. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01132.x. PMID 21175756.
  30. ↑ Sato T, Tanaka M (2014). "Linear sebaceous hyperplasia on the chest". Dermatol Pract Concept. 4 (1): 93–5. doi:10.5826/dpc.0401a16. PMC 3919849. PMID 24520522.
  31. ↑ Morgan MB, Stevens GL, Switlyk S (2005). "Benign lichenoid keratosis: a clinical and pathologic reappraisal of 1040 cases". Am J Dermatopathol. 27 (5): 387–92. PMID 16148406.

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