Tuberculosis echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Tuberculosis}} | {{Tuberculosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Mashal Awais}}; {{Ammu}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Echocardiography]] or [[Ultrasound]] | [[Echocardiography]] or [[Ultrasound]] may be used in patients who develop [[pericardial effusion]] secondary to TB.<ref name="pmid19006110">{{cite journal| author=Kil UH, Jung HO, Koh YS, Park HJ, Park CS, Kim PJ et al.| title=Prognosis of large, symptomatic pericardial effusion treated by echo-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis. | journal=Clin Cardiol | year= 2008 | volume= 31 | issue= 11 | pages= 531-7 | pmid=19006110 | doi=10.1002/clc.20305 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19006110 }} </ref> On rare occasions TB may result in [[congestive heart failure]], in which case [[echocardiograph]] may also help in the [[diagnosis]]. [[echocardiogram]] findings in [[CHF]] include [[hypokinesia]]; [[valvular insufficiency]] as well as enlargement of all [[heart]] [[chambers]]. | ||
The common findings in | *[[Tuberculosis]] involves the heart in 1-2% of the cases, and the [[pericardium]] is the most commonly affected structure.<ref name="CusterCharr1939">{{cite journal|last1=Custer|first1=Edward W.|last2=Charr|first2=Robert|title=TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MYOCARDIUM|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=112|issue=14|year=1939|pages=1333|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1939.62800140003009a}}</ref><ref name="Fowler1991">{{cite journal|last1=Fowler|first1=Noble O.|title=Tuberculous Pericarditis|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=266|issue=1|year=1991|pages=99|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1991.03470010103039}}</ref> Patients with [[HIV]] have a high susceptibility for [[extrapulmonary]] tuberculosis including [[tuberculous pericarditis]]. [[Echocardiography]] is a good tool in diagnosing this [[extrapulmonary]] manifestation. | ||
* Pericardial thickening | |||
* Pericardial effusion classified as mild, moderate and severe | *The common findings in [[echocardiography]] include:<ref name="pmid15486140">{{cite journal| author=George S, Salama AL, Uthaman B, Cherian G| title=Echocardiography in differentiating tuberculous from chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion. | journal=Heart | year= 2004 | volume= 90 | issue= 11 | pages= 1338-9 | pmid=15486140 | doi=10.1136/hrt.2003.020081 | pmc=PMC1768544 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15486140 }} </ref> | ||
* Exudative deposits with echo dense mass around epicardium | |||
* Fibrin strands from pericardium protruding or crossing the pericardial space.<ref name=" | :*[[Pericardial]] thickening | ||
:*[[Pericardial effusion]] classified as mild, moderate, and severe | |||
:*[[Exudative]] deposits with echo dense mass around [[epicardium]] | |||
:*[[Fibrin]] strands from [[pericardium]] protruding or crossing the [[pericardial]] space | |||
*In rare occasions, the [[myocardium]] may be affected with [[Tuberculosis|TB]] and should be suspected in patients with [[congestive heart failure]] and clinical features of TB. | |||
*[[Echocardiographic]] findings may include:<ref name="pmid2389712">{{cite journal| author=Bali HK, Wahi S, Sharma BK, Anand IS, Datta BN, Wahi PL| title=Myocardial tuberculosis presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1990 | volume= 120 | issue= 3 | pages= 703-6 | pmid=2389712 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2389712 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15857515">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D| title=Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity? | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= 29 | pmid=15857515 | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-5-29 | pmc=PMC1090580 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15857515 }} </ref> | |||
:*[[Hypokinesia]] | |||
:*Enlargement of all heart chambers | |||
:*[[Mitral regurgitation]] | |||
:*[[Tricuspid regurgitation]] | |||
:*[[Left ventricular systolic dysfunction]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category: Pulmonology]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology | |||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:48, 26 March 2021
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Tuberculosis Microchapters |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Tuberculosis echocardiography or ultrasound On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tuberculosis echocardiography or ultrasound |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Tuberculosis echocardiography or ultrasound |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mashal Awais, M.D.[2]; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]
Overview
Echocardiography or Ultrasound may be used in patients who develop pericardial effusion secondary to TB.[1] On rare occasions TB may result in congestive heart failure, in which case echocardiograph may also help in the diagnosis. echocardiogram findings in CHF include hypokinesia; valvular insufficiency as well as enlargement of all heart chambers.
- Tuberculosis involves the heart in 1-2% of the cases, and the pericardium is the most commonly affected structure.[2][3] Patients with HIV have a high susceptibility for extrapulmonary tuberculosis including tuberculous pericarditis. Echocardiography is a good tool in diagnosing this extrapulmonary manifestation.
- The common findings in echocardiography include:[4]
- Pericardial thickening
- Pericardial effusion classified as mild, moderate, and severe
- Exudative deposits with echo dense mass around epicardium
- Fibrin strands from pericardium protruding or crossing the pericardial space
- In rare occasions, the myocardium may be affected with TB and should be suspected in patients with congestive heart failure and clinical features of TB.
- Echocardiographic findings may include:[5][6]
- Hypokinesia
- Enlargement of all heart chambers
- Mitral regurgitation
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Left ventricular systolic dysfunction
References
- ↑ Kil UH, Jung HO, Koh YS, Park HJ, Park CS, Kim PJ; et al. (2008). "Prognosis of large, symptomatic pericardial effusion treated by echo-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis". Clin Cardiol. 31 (11): 531–7. doi:10.1002/clc.20305. PMID 19006110.
- ↑ Custer, Edward W.; Charr, Robert (1939). "TUBERCULOSIS OF THE MYOCARDIUM". Journal of the American Medical Association. 112 (14): 1333. doi:10.1001/jama.1939.62800140003009a. ISSN 0002-9955.
- ↑ Fowler, Noble O. (1991). "Tuberculous Pericarditis". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 266 (1): 99. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010103039. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ George S, Salama AL, Uthaman B, Cherian G (2004). "Echocardiography in differentiating tuberculous from chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion". Heart. 90 (11): 1338–9. doi:10.1136/hrt.2003.020081. PMC 1768544. PMID 15486140.
- ↑ Bali HK, Wahi S, Sharma BK, Anand IS, Datta BN, Wahi PL (1990). "Myocardial tuberculosis presenting as restrictive cardiomyopathy". Am Heart J. 120 (3): 703–6. PMID 2389712.
- ↑ Agarwal R, Malhotra P, Awasthi A, Kakkar N, Gupta D (2005). "Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity?". BMC Infect Dis. 5: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-29. PMC 1090580. PMID 15857515.