Tuberculosis secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Tuberculosis}} | {{Tuberculosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Mashal Awais}}; {{AL}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Secondary prevention for tuberculosis | Secondary prevention for [[tuberculosis]] refers to the methods that are used for [[screening]] and early [[diagnosis]], such as [[tuberculin skin test]] (TST) and [[IGRAs]]; as well as ensuring that the right treatment regimen is given at the right time to prevent disease [[progression]]. | ||
==Secondary Prevention== | ==Secondary Prevention== | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
===Screening=== | ===Screening=== | ||
{{further|[[Tuberculosis screening]]}} | {{further|[[Tuberculosis screening]]}} | ||
* | |||
*[[TST]] is the | =====Tuberculin Skin Test===== | ||
*Evaluation of children who are having close contact with a confirmed case of [[Tuberculosis|TB]]. | |||
*[[TST]] is the test of choice for [[Screening test|screening]] for [[Tuberculosis|TB]] infection. | |||
====Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)==== | |||
*[[Interferon-γ release assays|IGRA]] can be used in place of (but not in addition to) [[Mantoux test|TST]] in screening for [[M. tuberculosis]] infection in the following conditions:<ref name="CDC TST">{{cite web|url= http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/IGRA.htm|title= CDC Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) - Blood Tests for TB Infection }}</ref> | |||
:*A patient has received [[BCG]] vaccination | |||
:*Groups with poor follow up return for [[Mantoux test|TST]] reading | |||
*[[Mantoux test|TST]] is favored over [[Interferon-γ release assays|IGRA]] for [[Tuberculosis|TB]] [[screening]] due to its low cost and high availability<ref>{{Cite journal | |||
| author = [[Hong-Van Tieu]], [[Piyarat Suntarattiwong]], [[Thanyawee Puthanakit]], [[Tawee Chotpitayasunondh]], [[Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit]], [[Sunee Sirivichayakul]], [[Supranee Buranapraditkun]], [[Patcharawee Rungrojrat]], [[Nitiya Chomchey]], [[Simon Tsiouris]], [[Scott Hammer]], [[Vijay Nandi]] & [[Jintanat Ananworanich]] | |||
| title = Comparing interferon-gamma release assays to tuberculin skin test in thai children with tuberculosis exposure | |||
| journal = [[PloS one]] | |||
| volume = 9 | |||
| issue = 8 | |||
| pages = e105003 | |||
| year = 2014 | |||
| month = | |||
| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0105003 | |||
| pmid = 25121513 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
===Early Diagnosis=== | |||
*Early [[diagnosis]] of tuberculosis disease is essential to give the right [[treatment]] at the appropriate time and prevent complications. | |||
*All patients should be routinely asked about:<ref name="CDC Guidelines"> {{cite web| url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5417a1.htm?s_cid=rr5417a1_e | title=CDC Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005}} </ref> | |||
:*[[History and Physical examination|History]] of [[Tuberculosis|TB]] exposure, [[infection]], or [[disease]] | |||
:*[[Symptom|Symptoms]] or [[signs]] of [[Tuberculosis|TB]] disease | |||
:*Medical conditions that increase their risk for [[Tuberculosis|TB]] disease | |||
*Patients with the following characteristics should be tested for [[tuberculosis]]:<ref name="CDC Guidelines"> {{cite web| url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5417a1.htm?s_cid=rr5417a1_e | title=CDC Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005}} </ref> | |||
:*[[Cough]] for ≥3 weeks | |||
:*[[Loss of appetite]] | |||
:*Unexplained [[weight loss]] | |||
:*[[Night sweats]] | |||
:*[[Hemoptysis]] | |||
:*[[Hoarseness]] | |||
:*[[Fever]] | |||
:*[[Fatigue]] | |||
:*[[Chest pain]] | |||
:*Patient from an [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]] area of TB | |||
===Prompt Treatment=== | |||
*[[Empiric therapy]] should be started once the diagnosis of [[Tuberculosis|TB]] is confirmed. | |||
*[[Sputum]] [[specimens]] should be sent for [[Culture media|culture]] and [[DST]] before initiation of therapy | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category: Pulmonology]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology | |||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:08, 27 March 2021
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Tuberculosis Microchapters |
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Tuberculosis secondary prevention On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Tuberculosis secondary prevention |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Tuberculosis secondary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mashal Awais, M.D.[2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]
Overview
Secondary prevention for tuberculosis refers to the methods that are used for screening and early diagnosis, such as tuberculin skin test (TST) and IGRAs; as well as ensuring that the right treatment regimen is given at the right time to prevent disease progression.
Secondary Prevention
Screening
Tuberculin Skin Test
- Evaluation of children who are having close contact with a confirmed case of TB.
- TST is the test of choice for screening for TB infection.
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
- IGRA can be used in place of (but not in addition to) TST in screening for M. tuberculosis infection in the following conditions:[1]
Early Diagnosis
- Early diagnosis of tuberculosis disease is essential to give the right treatment at the appropriate time and prevent complications.
- All patients should be routinely asked about:[3]
- Patients with the following characteristics should be tested for tuberculosis:[3]
- Cough for ≥3 weeks
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Hemoptysis
- Hoarseness
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Patient from an endemic area of TB
Prompt Treatment
- Empiric therapy should be started once the diagnosis of TB is confirmed.
- Sputum specimens should be sent for culture and DST before initiation of therapy
References
- ↑ "CDC Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) - Blood Tests for TB Infection".
- ↑ Hong-Van Tieu, Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Patcharawee Rungrojrat, Nitiya Chomchey, Simon Tsiouris, Scott Hammer, Vijay Nandi & Jintanat Ananworanich (2014). "Comparing interferon-gamma release assays to tuberculin skin test in thai children with tuberculosis exposure". PloS one. 9 (8): e105003. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105003. PMID 25121513.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "CDC Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005".