Low density lipoprotein epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
From 1976–1980 through 2007–2010, for U.S. adults aged 40–74, a decrease was observed in the prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol (LDL–C) from 59% to 28%, as well as an increase in adults using lipid-lowering medications and consuming a diet low in saturated fat. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, high LDL-C remains a significant public health problem in the United States, with more than one-quarter of adults aged 40–74 having high LDL–C. | From 1976–1980 through 2007–2010, for U.S. adults aged 40–74, a decrease was observed in the prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol (LDL–C) from 59% to 28%, as well as an increase in adults using lipid-lowering medications and consuming a diet low in saturated fat. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, high LDL-C remains a significant public health problem in the United States, with more than one-quarter of adults aged 40–74 having high LDL–C.<ref name=Report>Kuklina EV, Carroll MD, Shaw KM, Hirsch R. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db117.htm Trends in high LDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and dietary saturated-fat intake: United States, 1976–2010.] NCHS data brief, no 117. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013.</ref> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
In the United States, the prevalence of high LDL–C significantly decreased from 59% in 1976–1980 to 42% in 1988–1994, and to 33% in 2001–2004, reaching 27% in 2007–2010.<ref name=Report>Kuklina EV, Carroll MD, Shaw KM, Hirsch R. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db117.htm Trends in high LDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and dietary saturated-fat intake: United States, 1976–2010.] NCHS data brief, no 117. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013.</ref> | |||
The decrease in the prevalence of high LDL is paralleled by an increase in the use of cholesterol-lowering medication that grew from 5% in 1988–1994 to 17% in 2001–2004, and reached 23% in 2007–2010. In addition, the percentage of adults meeting guidelines for low saturated-fat intake increased significantly from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994, from 25% to 41%, but no significant change occurred from 1988–1994 through 2007–2010. | The decrease in the prevalence of high LDL is paralleled by an increase in the use of cholesterol-lowering medication that grew from 5% in 1988–1994 to 17% in 2001–2004, and reached 23% in 2007–2010. In addition, the percentage of adults meeting guidelines for low saturated-fat intake increased significantly from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994, from 25% to 41%, but no significant change occurred from 1988–1994 through 2007–2010.<ref name=Report>Kuklina EV, Carroll MD, Shaw KM, Hirsch R. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db117.htm Trends in high LDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and dietary saturated-fat intake: United States, 1976–2010.] NCHS data brief, no 117. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013.</ref> | ||
Shown below is a diagram depicting the age-adjusted prevalence of high LDL cholesterol among adults aged 40–74, by sex and age in the United States between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010. (Source: CDC/NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.) | Shown below is a diagram depicting the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of high LDL cholesterol among adults aged 40–74, by sex and age in the United States between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010. (Source: CDC/NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.) | ||
[[File:Age adjusted LDL prevalence.gif|Age-adjusted prevalence of high LDL cholesterol among adults aged 40–74, by sex and age: United States, 1976–1980 to 2007–2010]] | [[File:Age adjusted LDL prevalence.gif|Age-adjusted prevalence of high LDL cholesterol among adults aged 40–74, by sex and age: United States, 1976–1980 to 2007–2010]] | ||
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Shown below an image depicting the age-adjusted trends in prevalence of high LDL cholesterol, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and low saturated-fat intake among adults aged 40–74 in the United States between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010. | Shown below an image depicting the age-adjusted trends in prevalence of high LDL cholesterol, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and low saturated-fat intake among adults aged 40–74 in the United States between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010. | ||
[[File: | [[File:Trends in prevalence of high LDL cholesterol, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and low saturated-fat intake in the United States.png|500px]] | ||
<span style="font-size:80%"> | |||
<sup>1</sup> Significant decreasing linear trends from 1976–1980 to 2007–2010 (p < 0.05).<br> | |||
<sup>2</sup> Significant increase from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994 (p < 0.05); no significant change from 1988–1994 to 2007–2010.<br> | |||
<sup>3</sup> Significant increasing trend from 1988–1994 to 2007–2010. | |||
</span> | |||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
Between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010, the prevalence of high LDL–C significantly decreased | Between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010, the prevalence of high LDL–C significantly decreased among U.S. men from 65% to 31%. | ||
The prevalence of high LDL–C also significantly decreased | The prevalence of high LDL–C also significantly decreased among U.S. women from 54% to 24% between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010.<ref name=Report>Kuklina EV, Carroll MD, Shaw KM, Hirsch R. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db117.htm Trends in high LDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and dietary saturated-fat intake: United States, 1976–2010.] NCHS data brief, no 117. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013.</ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
Between | Between 2007–2010, the [[prevalence]] of high LDL–C for U.S. adults aged 40–64 was between 6% to 27%. The [[prevalence]] of high LDL–C among subjects aged 65–74 was 72% to 30%.<ref name=Report>Kuklina EV, Carroll MD, Shaw KM, Hirsch R. [http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db117.htm Trends in high LDL cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medication use, and dietary saturated-fat intake: United States, 1976–2010.] NCHS data brief, no 117. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2013.</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{Lipoproteins}} | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Lipid disorders]] | |||
[[Category:Health risks|Low density lipoprotein]] | |||
[[Category:Lipoproteins]] | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]
Overview
From 1976–1980 through 2007–2010, for U.S. adults aged 40–74, a decrease was observed in the prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol (LDL–C) from 59% to 28%, as well as an increase in adults using lipid-lowering medications and consuming a diet low in saturated fat. Despite recent advances in medical treatment, high LDL-C remains a significant public health problem in the United States, with more than one-quarter of adults aged 40–74 having high LDL–C.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
In the United States, the prevalence of high LDL–C significantly decreased from 59% in 1976–1980 to 42% in 1988–1994, and to 33% in 2001–2004, reaching 27% in 2007–2010.[1]
The decrease in the prevalence of high LDL is paralleled by an increase in the use of cholesterol-lowering medication that grew from 5% in 1988–1994 to 17% in 2001–2004, and reached 23% in 2007–2010. In addition, the percentage of adults meeting guidelines for low saturated-fat intake increased significantly from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994, from 25% to 41%, but no significant change occurred from 1988–1994 through 2007–2010.[1]
Shown below is a diagram depicting the age-adjusted prevalence of high LDL cholesterol among adults aged 40–74, by sex and age in the United States between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010. (Source: CDC/NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.)
Shown below is a diagram depicting the age adjusted use of cholesterol-lowering medications among adults aged 40–74 in the United States between 1988–1994 and 2007–2010. (Source: CDC/NCHS, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.)
Shown below an image depicting the age-adjusted trends in prevalence of high LDL cholesterol, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and low saturated-fat intake among adults aged 40–74 in the United States between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010.
1 Significant decreasing linear trends from 1976–1980 to 2007–2010 (p < 0.05).
2 Significant increase from 1976–1980 to 1988–1994 (p < 0.05); no significant change from 1988–1994 to 2007–2010.
3 Significant increasing trend from 1988–1994 to 2007–2010.
Gender
Between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010, the prevalence of high LDL–C significantly decreased among U.S. men from 65% to 31%.
The prevalence of high LDL–C also significantly decreased among U.S. women from 54% to 24% between 1976–1980 and 2007–2010.[1]
Age
Between 2007–2010, the prevalence of high LDL–C for U.S. adults aged 40–64 was between 6% to 27%. The prevalence of high LDL–C among subjects aged 65–74 was 72% to 30%.[1]