HIV AIDS physical examination: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{AIDS}}
{{AIDS}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}; {{JH}}
==Overview==
The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.


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==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
===Appearance of the patient===
===General Appearance of the patient===
The appearance of the patient depends on the [[stage]] of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking and/or [[malnourished]]. The patient have [[fever]], nightsweats, [[weight loss]], sleep disturbance, adenopathy, [[frailty]].
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.<ref name=Health>{{cite web | title = AIDSinfo| url = http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ }}</ref>


===Vitals===
===Vitals===
====Temperature====
=====Temperature=====
====Pulse====
*[[Fever]] can be present.
====Blood pressure====
 
====Respiratory rate====
=====Pulse=====
*[[Tachycardia]] can be present.
 
=====Blood pressure=====
*[[Hypotension]] can be present.
 
=====Respiratory rate=====
*[[Tachypnea]] can be seen during [[fever]] and respiratory tract [[infections]]
 
===Skin===
===Skin===
*[[Folliculitis]] can be present.
*[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] can be present.
*[[Psoriasis]] can be present.
*[[Skin lesions]] can be present in some cases.


===Eyes===
*Retinal [[hemorrhage]] may be present.
*Retinal infiltrates may be present.


===Eyes===
Change in vision is a common aspect. The patient may see flashes of light sometime. Blurry vision, double vision or loss of vision can occur.
===Head===
===Head===
*[[Tenderness]] of sinuses may be elicited.
===Nose===
===Nose===
*[[Inflammation]] of the nasal turbinates may be present.
===Ears===
===Ears===
*Hearing loss
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness
*Discharge from the ears may be found.
*Discharge from ears


===Throat===
===Throat===
*Dental pain
*Peridontal disease may be present.
*Peridontal disease
*Oral [[herpes]] simplex lesions may be found.
*Oral herpes simplex leisions
*Oral [[thrush]] may be found.
*Oral thrush
*Difficulty in mastigation
*Dysphagia
*Odynophagia
*Halitosis


===Lungs===
===Lungs===
*[[Crackles]] and [[rhonchi]] may be found.
*Dullness to [[percussion]] can be present.
*Increased tactile fremitus can be present.
===Cardiovascular system===
*A heart [[murmur]] can be found.
===Abdomen===
===Abdomen===
===Genito-urinary===
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] can be found.
*Hepatomegaly may be detected.
*Splenomegaly may be detected.
 
===Genitourinary===
*Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
**The lymph nodes may increase in size after sexual intercourse<ref name="pmid35659001">{{cite journal| author=| title=Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online May 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=35659001 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00372-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35659001  }} </ref>
 
===Extremities===
===Extremities===
===Central nervous system===
*[[Muscle weakness]] may be present.
*[[Joint swelling]] may be present.
 
===Central Nervous System===
*Focal neurological deficits may be found.
 
*Behavioral changes may be observed.
*[[Gait]] disturbances may be present.
 
==Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination01.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination02.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma in the retromandibular region.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination03.jpeg| '''Labial and gingival Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination04.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination05.jpeg| '''Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination06.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination07.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


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Latest revision as of 11:24, 15 June 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [3]

Overview

The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.

Physical Examination

General Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.[1]

Vitals

Temperature
Pulse
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate

Skin

Eyes

  • Retinal hemorrhage may be present.
  • Retinal infiltrates may be present.

Head

Nose

Ears

  • Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
  • Discharge from the ears may be found.

Throat

  • Peridontal disease may be present.
  • Oral herpes simplex lesions may be found.
  • Oral thrush may be found.

Lungs

Cardiovascular system

Abdomen

Genitourinary

  • Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
    • The lymph nodes may increase in size after sexual intercourse[2]

Extremities

Central Nervous System

  • Focal neurological deficits may be found.
  • Behavioral changes may be observed.
  • Gait disturbances may be present.

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ "AIDSinfo".
  2. ↑ "Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online May 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6". Lancet Infect Dis. 2022. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00372-3. PMID 35659001 Check |pmid= value (help). External link in |title= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

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