HIV AIDS physical examination: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
 
(18 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{AIDS}}
{{AIDS}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}; {{JH}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
===Appearance of the patient===
===General Appearance of the patient===
The appearance of the patient depends on the [[stage]] of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking and/or [[malnourished]]. The patient have [[fever]], nightsweats, [[weight loss]], sleep disturbance, adenopathy, [[frailty]].
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.<ref name=Health>{{cite web | title = AIDSinfo| url = http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ }}</ref>


===Vitals===
===Vitals===
====Temperature====
=====Temperature=====
*[[Fever]] can be present
*[[Fever]] can be present.


====Pulse====
=====Pulse=====
*[[Tachycardia]]
*[[Tachycardia]] can be present.


====Blood pressure====
=====Blood pressure=====
[[Hypotension]]
*[[Hypotension]] can be present.


====Respiratory rate====
=====Respiratory rate=====
[[Tachypnea]] can be seen during [[fever]] and respiratory tract [[infections]]
*[[Tachypnea]] can be seen during [[fever]] and respiratory tract [[infections]]


===Skin===
===Skin===
*[[Folliculitis]]
*[[Folliculitis]] can be present.
*[[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
*[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] can be present.
*[[Psoriasis]]
*[[Psoriasis]] can be present.
*[[Kaposi Sarcoma]]
*[[Skin lesions]] can be present in some cases.
*Fungal [[infections]]
*[[Skin lesions]]


===Eyes===
===Eyes===
*Change in vision is a common aspect.
*Retinal [[hemorrhage]] may be present.
*The patient may see flashes of light sometime.
*Retinal infiltrates may be present.
*Blurry vision
*Double vision or loss of vision can occur.
*Retinal lesions
*Yellow or white discoloration
*Retinal [[hemorrhage]]
*Retinal infiltrates


===Head===
===Head===
*[[Headache]]
*[[Tenderness]] of sinuses may be elicited.
*[[Tenderness]] of sinuses


===Nose===
===Nose===
*[[Nasal congestion]]
*[[Inflammation]] of the nasal turbinates may be present.
*[[Inflammation]] of [[nasal turbinates]]


===Ears===
===Ears===
*Hearing loss
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness
*Discharge from the ears may be found.
*Discharge from ears


===Throat===
===Throat===
*Dental [[pain]]
*Peridontal disease may be present.
*[[Peridontal]] disease
*Oral [[herpes]] simplex lesions may be found.
*Oral [[herpes]] simplex leisions
*Oral [[thrush]] may be found.
*Oral [[thrush]]
*Difficulty in [[mastigation]]
*[[Dysphagia]]
*[[Odynophagia]]
*[[Halitosis]]


===Lungs===
===Lungs===
*[[Cough]]
*[[Crackles]] and [[rhonchi]] may be found.
*[[Hemoptysis]]
*Dullness to [[percussion]] can be present.
*[[Dyspnea]]
*Increased tactile fremitus can be present.
*[[Rales]]
*[[Rhonchi]]
*Dullness to [[percussion]]
*Increased vocal fremitus
*Increased tactile fremitus


===Cardiovascular system===
===Cardiovascular system===
*Chest [[pain]]
*A heart [[murmur]] can be found.
*[[Palpitation]]
*Dyspnea
*Heart [[murmur]]


===Abdomen===
===Abdomen===
*[[Abdominal pain]]
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] can be found.
*[[Vomiting]]
*Hepatomegaly may be detected.
*[[Nausea]]
*Splenomegaly may be detected.
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Rectal bleeding]]
*[[Consipation]]
*[[Hemorrhoids]]
*Hepatomegaly
*Spleenomegaly
*Rebound tenderness


===Genito-urinary===
===Genitourinary===
*Vaginal or [[urethral]] discharge
*Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
*Vaginal [[pain]]
**The lymph nodes may increase in size after sexual intercourse<ref name="pmid35659001">{{cite journal| author=| title=Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online May 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=35659001 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00372-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35659001  }} </ref>
*[[Dysuria]]
*Rectal [[pain]]
*Increased [[urinary frequency]]


===Extremities===
===Extremities===
*[[Muscle wasting]]
*[[Muscle weakness]] may be present.
*[[Muscle weakness]]
*[[Joint swelling]] may be present.
*[[Muscle pain]]
*[[Joint swelling]]


===Central nervous system===
===Central Nervous System===
*[[Behavoural changes]]
*Focal neurological deficits may be found.
*[[Tingling sensation]] of extremities
 
*[[Burning sensation]] of extremities
*Behavioral changes may be observed.
*[[Gait]] disturbances
*[[Gait]] disturbances may be present.
 
==Gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination01.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination02.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma in the retromandibular region.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination03.jpeg| '''Labial and gingival Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination04.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination05.jpeg| '''Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination06.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
Image: HIV_physical_examination07.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
 
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:HIV/AIDS]]
[[Category:HIV/AIDS]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Immune system disorders]]
[[Category:Immune system disorders]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[category:viral diseases]]
[[Category:Pandemics]]
[[Category:Pandemics]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]]
Line 125: Line 112:
[[Category:Immunodeficiency]]
[[Category:Immunodeficiency]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
{{WH}}
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
{{WS}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 11:24, 15 June 2022

Sexually transmitted diseases Main Page

AIDS Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating AIDS from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

HIV Opportunistic Infections

HIV Coinfections

HIV and Pregnancy

HIV Infection in Infants

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

AIDS Case Definition

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Nutrition
Drug Resistance

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

HIV Vaccine

Case Studies

Case #1

HIV AIDS physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of HIV AIDS physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on HIV AIDS physical examination

CDC on HIV AIDS physical examination

HIV AIDS physical examination in the news

Blogs on HIV AIDS physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating AIDS

Risk calculators and risk factors for HIV AIDS physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [3]

Overview

The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.

Physical Examination

General Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.[1]

Vitals

Temperature
Pulse
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate

Skin

Eyes

  • Retinal hemorrhage may be present.
  • Retinal infiltrates may be present.

Head

Nose

Ears

  • Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
  • Discharge from the ears may be found.

Throat

  • Peridontal disease may be present.
  • Oral herpes simplex lesions may be found.
  • Oral thrush may be found.

Lungs

Cardiovascular system

Abdomen

Genitourinary

  • Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
    • The lymph nodes may increase in size after sexual intercourse[2]

Extremities

Central Nervous System

  • Focal neurological deficits may be found.
  • Behavioral changes may be observed.
  • Gait disturbances may be present.

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ "AIDSinfo".
  2. ↑ "Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online May 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6". Lancet Infect Dis. 2022. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00372-3. PMID 35659001 Check |pmid= value (help). External link in |title= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=HIV_AIDS_physical_examination&oldid=1725844"