Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KS}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}, {{HW}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) and 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) | The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to be 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) children and 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) adults.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> Boys are more commonly affected by ADHD than girls. The male to female ratio is 2 to 1.<ref name="#10">Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192.</ref> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
*The prevalence of ADHD in children is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) of the overall population.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | *The [[prevalence]] of ADHD in children is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) of the overall population.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | ||
*The prevalence of ADHD in adults is 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) of the overall population.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> | *The prevalence of ADHD in adults is 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) of the overall population.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref> The prevalence of diagnosis is increasing in adults to 354 per 1000,000 in 2011<ref name="pmid29765219">{{cite journal| author=Polyzoi M, Ahnemark E, Medin E, Ginsberg Y| title=Estimated prevalence and incidence of diagnosed ADHD and health care utilization in adults in Sweden - a longitudinal population-based register study. | journal=Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat | year= 2018 | volume= 14 | issue= | pages= 1149-1161 | pmid=29765219 | doi=10.2147/NDT.S155838 | pmc=5944447 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29765219 }} </ref>. | ||
===Incidence=== | |||
*The percentage of children age 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD increased from 7.8 percent in 2003 to 11 percent in 2011.<ref name="pmid22420039">{{cite journal| author=Zuvekas SH, Vitiello B| title=Stimulant medication use in children: a 12-year perspective. | journal=Am J Psychiatry | year= 2012 | volume= 169 | issue= 2 | pages= 160-6 | pmid=22420039 | doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030387 | pmc=3548321 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22420039 }} </ref><ref name= "CDC Statistics"> Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html Accessed on Oct 14, 2016. </ref> | |||
===Age=== | |||
*ADHD is usually first diagnosed in school-aged children. For an adult to be diagnosed with ADHD, the patient’s symptoms must have been present prior to the age of 12.<ref name="#1">National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."</ref> However, the average age at diagnosis is 7 years.<ref name= "CDC Statistics"> Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html Accessed on Oct 14, 2016. </ref> | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*ADHD is more prevalent in males than in females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.<ref name="#10">Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192.</ref> | |||
===Race=== | |||
*ADHD is observed in patients of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, but does appear to be most common in non-Hispanic Caucasians.<ref name="#10">Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:27, 9 November 2023
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Haleigh Williams, B.S.
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Overview
The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to be 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) children and 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) adults.[1] Boys are more commonly affected by ADHD than girls. The male to female ratio is 2 to 1.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of ADHD in children is 5,000 per 100,000 (5%) of the overall population.[1]
- The prevalence of ADHD in adults is 2,500 per 100,000 (2.5%) of the overall population.[1] The prevalence of diagnosis is increasing in adults to 354 per 1000,000 in 2011[3].
Incidence
- The percentage of children age 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD increased from 7.8 percent in 2003 to 11 percent in 2011.[4][5]
Age
- ADHD is usually first diagnosed in school-aged children. For an adult to be diagnosed with ADHD, the patient’s symptoms must have been present prior to the age of 12.[6] However, the average age at diagnosis is 7 years.[5]
Gender
- ADHD is more prevalent in males than in females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[2]
Race
- ADHD is observed in patients of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, but does appear to be most common in non-Hispanic Caucasians.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Briars, L., & Todd, T. (2016). A Review of Pharmacological Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 21(3), 192–206. http://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.3.192.
- ↑ Polyzoi M, Ahnemark E, Medin E, Ginsberg Y (2018). "Estimated prevalence and incidence of diagnosed ADHD and health care utilization in adults in Sweden - a longitudinal population-based register study". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 14: 1149–1161. doi:10.2147/NDT.S155838. PMC 5944447. PMID 29765219.
- ↑ Zuvekas SH, Vitiello B (2012). "Stimulant medication use in children: a 12-year perspective". Am J Psychiatry. 169 (2): 160–6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030387. PMC 3548321. PMID 22420039.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Center for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html Accessed on Oct 14, 2016.
- ↑ National Institute of Mental Health (NIH). (2016). "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."