HIV AIDS physical examination: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{AIDS}}
{{AIDS}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}; {{JH}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking. The patient have fever, [[nightsweats]], [[weight loss]], sleep disturbance, [[adenopathy]], frailty.
The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
===Appearance of the patient===
===General Appearance of the patient===
The appearance of the patient depends on the [[stage]] of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking and/or [[malnourished]]. The patient have [[fever]], nightsweats, [[weight loss]], sleep disturbance, adenopathy, [[frailty]]. <ref name=Health>{{cite web | title = AIDSinfo| url = http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ }}</ref>
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.<ref name=Health>{{cite web | title = AIDSinfo| url = http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ }}</ref>


===Vitals===
===Vitals===
====Temperature====
=====Temperature=====
*[[Fever]] can be present
*[[Fever]] can be present.


====Pulse====
=====Pulse=====
*[[Tachycardia]] can be present.
*[[Tachycardia]] can be present.


====Blood pressure====
=====Blood pressure=====
*[[Hypotension]] can be present.
*[[Hypotension]] can be present.


====Respiratory rate====
=====Respiratory rate=====
*[[Tachypnea]] can be seen during [[fever]] and respiratory tract [[infections]]
*[[Tachypnea]] can be seen during [[fever]] and respiratory tract [[infections]]


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*[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] can be present.
*[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] can be present.
*[[Psoriasis]] can be present.
*[[Psoriasis]] can be present.
*[[Kaposi Sarcoma]] can be present.
*Fungal [[infections]] can be present.
*[[Skin lesions]] can be present in some cases.
*[[Skin lesions]] can be present in some cases.


===Eyes===
===Eyes===
*Change in vision is a common aspect.
*The patient may see flashes of light sometime.
*Blurry vision may be a common findings.
*Double vision or loss of vision can occur.
*Retinal lesions may be found.
*Yellow or white discoloration can be found.
*Retinal [[hemorrhage]] may be present.
*Retinal [[hemorrhage]] may be present.
*Retinal infiltrates may be present.
*Retinal infiltrates may be present.


===Head===
===Head===
*[[Headache]] can be present.
*[[Tenderness]] of sinuses may be elicited.
*[[Tenderness]] of sinuses may be elicited.


===Nose===
===Nose===
*[[Nasal congestion]] may be present.
*[[Inflammation]] of the nasal turbinates may be present.
*[[Inflammation]] of [[nasal turbinates]] may be present.


===Ears===
===Ears===
*Hearing loss mayy be present.
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
*Discharge from ears may be found.
*Discharge from the ears may be found.


===Throat===
===Throat===
*Dental [[pain]] may occur.
*Peridontal disease may be present.
*[[Peridontal]] disease may be present.
*Oral [[herpes]] simplex lesions may be found.
*Oral [[herpes]] simplex leisions may be found.
*Oral [[thrush]] may be found.
*Oral [[thrush]] may be found.
*Difficulty in [[mastigation]] may be found.
*[[Dysphagia]] may be found.
*[[Odynophagia]] may be found.
*[[Halitosis]] may be elicited.


===Lungs===
===Lungs===
*[[Cough]] may be found.
*[[Crackles]] and [[rhonchi]] may be found.
*[[Hemoptysis]] may be found.
*[[Dyspnea]] may be found.
*[[Rales]] may be found.
*[[Rhonchi]] may be found.
*Dullness to [[percussion]] can be present.
*Dullness to [[percussion]] can be present.
*Increased vocal fremitus can be present.
*Increased tactile fremitus can be present.
*Increased tactile fremitus can be present.


===Cardiovascular system===
===Cardiovascular system===
*Chest [[pain]] may be prsent.
*A heart [[murmur]] can be found.
*[[Palpitation]] may be present.
*Dyspnea can be found.
*Heart [[murmur]] can be found.


===Abdomen===
===Abdomen===
*[[Abdominal pain]] can be found.
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] can be found.
*[[Rectal bleeding]] can be present.
*Hepatomegaly may be detected.
*[[Consipation]] may be found.
*Splenomegaly may be detected.
*[[Hemorrhoids]] may be found.
*Hepatomegaly may be elicited.
*Spleenomegaly may be elicited.
*Rebound tenderness may be elicited.


===Genito-Urinary===
===Genitourinary===
*Vaginal or [[urethral]] discharge can be present.
*Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
*Vaginal [[pain]] can be present.
**The lymph nodes may increase in size after sexual intercourse<ref name="pmid35659001">{{cite journal| author=| title=Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online May 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2022 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=35659001 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00372-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35659001  }} </ref>
*[[Dysuria]] can be present.
*Rectal [[pain]] can be present.
*Increased [[urinary frequency]] can be present.


===Extremities===
===Extremities===
*[[Muscle wasting]] may be present.
*[[Muscle weakness]] may be present.
*[[Muscle weakness]] may be present.
*[[Muscle pain]] may be present.
*[[Joint swelling]] may be present.
*[[Joint swelling]] may be present.


===Central Nervous System===
===Central Nervous System===
*[[Behavoural changes]] is observed.
*Focal neurological deficits may be found.
*[[Tingling sensation]] of extremities can be a common finding.
 
*[[Burning sensation]] of extremities can be found.
*Behavioral changes may be observed.
*[[Gait]] disturbances may be present.
*[[Gait]] disturbances may be present.
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image: HIV_physical_examination01.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: HIV_physical_examination02.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma in the retromandibular region.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: HIV_physical_examination03.jpeg| '''Labial and gingival Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: HIV_physical_examination04.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: HIV_physical_examination05.jpeg| '''Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: HIV_physical_examination06.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image: HIV_physical_examination07.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:HIV/AIDS]]
[[Category:HIV/AIDS]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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[[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]]
[[Category:Sexually transmitted infections]]
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[[Category:Immunodeficiency]]
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[[Category:Microbiology]]
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Latest revision as of 11:24, 15 June 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [3]

Overview

The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.

Physical Examination

General Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.[1]

Vitals

Temperature
Pulse
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate

Skin

Eyes

  • Retinal hemorrhage may be present.
  • Retinal infiltrates may be present.

Head

Nose

Ears

  • Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
  • Discharge from the ears may be found.

Throat

  • Peridontal disease may be present.
  • Oral herpes simplex lesions may be found.
  • Oral thrush may be found.

Lungs

Cardiovascular system

Abdomen

Genitourinary

  • Inguinal lymphadenopathy.
    • The lymph nodes may increase in size after sexual intercourse[2]

Extremities

Central Nervous System

  • Focal neurological deficits may be found.
  • Behavioral changes may be observed.
  • Gait disturbances may be present.

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ "AIDSinfo".
  2. ↑ "Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online May 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6". Lancet Infect Dis. 2022. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00372-3. PMID 35659001 Check |pmid= value (help). External link in |title= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

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