Ventricular fibrillation causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Ventricular fibrillation}} | {{Ventricular fibrillation}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}} {{Sahar}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions | Life-threatening causes include [[conditions]] that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | ||
* | *Acute coronary ischemia<ref name="pmid19252119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koplan BA, Stevenson WG |title=Ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=84 |issue=3 |pages=289–97 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19252119 |pmc=2664600 |doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61149-X |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Pericardial tamponade]] | *[[Pericardial tamponade]] | ||
*[[Pulmonary embolism]] | *[[Pulmonary embolism]] | ||
*[[Tension pneumothorax]] | *[[Tension pneumothorax]] | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Common [[causes]] of ventricular fibrillation include:<ref name="pmid27250216">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khairy P |title=Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in adults with congenital heart disease |journal=Heart |volume=102 |issue=21 |pages=1703–1709 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27250216 |doi=10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309069 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28222965">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maury P, Sacher F, Rollin A, Mondoly P, Duparc A, Zeppenfeld K, Hascoet S |title=Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in tetralogy of Fallot |journal=Arch Cardiovasc Dis |volume=110 |issue=5 |pages=354–362 |date=May 2017 |pmid=28222965 |doi=10.1016/j.acvd.2016.12.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1638716">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saumarez RC, Camm AJ, Panagos A, Gill JS, Stewart JT, de Belder MA, Simpson IA, McKenna WJ |title=Ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased fractionation of paced right ventricular electrograms |journal=Circulation |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages=467–74 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1638716 |doi=10.1161/01.cir.86.2.467 |url=}}</ref><ref name="BektasSoyuncu2012">{{cite journal|last1=Bektas|first1=Firat|last2=Soyuncu|first2=Secgin|title=Hypokalemia-induced Ventricular Fibrillation|journal=The Journal of Emergency Medicine|volume=42|issue=2|year=2012|pages=184–185|issn=07364679|doi=10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.079}}</ref><ref name="KlasnerScalzo1996">{{cite journal|last1=Klasner|first1=Ann E|last2=Scalzo|first2=Anthony J|last3=Blume|first3=Carolyn|last4=Johnson|first4=Paul|last5=Thompson|first5=Michael W|title=Marked Hypocalcemia and Ventricular Fibrillation in Two Pediatric Patients Exposed to a Fluoride-Containing Wheel Cleaner|journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine|volume=28|issue=6|year=1996|pages=713–718|issn=01960644|doi=10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70097-5}}</ref><ref name="pmid3181653">{{cite journal |vauthors=Billman GE, Hoskins RS |title=Cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: protection afforded by the calcium antagonist verapamil |journal=FASEB J. |volume=2 |issue=14 |pages=2990–5 |date=November 1988 |pmid=3181653 |doi=10.1096/fasebj.2.14.3181653 |url=}}</ref><ref name="HeistRuskin2010">{{cite journal|last1=Heist|first1=E. Kevin|last2=Ruskin|first2=Jeremy N.|title=Drug-Induced Arrhythmia|journal=Circulation|volume=122|issue=14|year=2010|pages=1426–1435|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894725}}</ref> | |||
*[[cardiomyopathy|Cardiomyopathies]] | *[[cardiomyopathy|Cardiomyopathies]] | ||
*[[Commotio cordis]] | *[[Commotio cordis]] | ||
*[[Congenital heart disease]] | *[[Congenital heart disease]] | ||
*[[Electrocution]] | *[[Electrocution]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Myocardial infarction]] | ||
*[[Heart surgery]] | *[[Heart surgery]] | ||
* | *Electrolyte abnormalities | ||
*[[ | **[[Hypokalemia]] | ||
**[[Hypocalcemia]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | ||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[automaticity|Abnormal automaticity]], [[myocardial rupture|acute myocardial rupture]], [[aortic dissection]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[cardiomyopathies]], [[commotio cordis]], [[complete heart block]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[coronary artery spasm]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[heart attack]], [[heart block]], [[heart surgery]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypoxia]], [[ischemic stroke]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[myocarditis]], [[pericardial tamponade]], [[preexcitation syndrome]], [[prolonged QT syndrome]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], re-entry or circus motion, [[short QT syndrome]], [[sudden cardiac death]], [[sudden infant death syndrome]], [[torsade de pointes]], [[unstable angina]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]] | |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[automaticity|Abnormal automaticity]], [[myocardial rupture|acute myocardial rupture]], [[aortic dissection]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[cardiomyopathies]], [[commotio cordis]], [[complete heart block]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[coronary artery spasm]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[heart attack]], [[heart block]], [[heart surgery]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypoxia]], [[ischemic stroke]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[myocarditis]], [[pericardial tamponade]], [[preexcitation syndrome]], [[prolonged QT syndrome]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], re-entry or circus motion, [[short QT syndrome]], [[sudden cardiac death]], [[sudden infant death syndrome]], [[Sumatriptan]], [[torsade de pointes]], [[unstable angina]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[calcium chloride]], [[calcium gluconate]], [[Eletriptan]], [[ergotamine tartrate]], [[ibutilide]], [[catecholamine|increased catecholamine levels]], [[medications]], [[phenobarbital]], [[pramipexole]], proarrhythmic drugs | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[calcium chloride]], [[calcium gluconate]], [[Eletriptan]], [[ergotamine tartrate]], [[Fosphenytoin sodium]], [[ibutilide]], [[catecholamine|increased catecholamine levels]], [[medications]], [[Naratriptan]], [[phenobarbital]], [[pramipexole]], proarrhythmic drugs | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref name="HeistRuskin2010">{{cite journal|last1=Heist|first1=E. Kevin|last2=Ruskin|first2=Jeremy N.|title=Drug-Induced Arrhythmia|journal=Circulation|volume=122|issue=14|year=2010|pages=1426–1435|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894725}}</ref><ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>=== | ||
{{col-begin|width=80%}} | {{col-begin|width=80%}} | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
| Line 154: | Line 152: | ||
*[[Belladonna]] | *[[Belladonna]] | ||
*[[Bronchospasm]] | *[[Bronchospasm]] | ||
*[[Brugada syndrome]] | *[[Brugada syndrome]]<ref name="AlingsWilde1999">{{cite journal|last1=Alings|first1=Marco|last2=Wilde|first2=Arthur|title=“Brugada” Syndrome|journal=Circulation|volume=99|issue=5|year=1999|pages=666–673|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.99.5.666}}</ref> | ||
*[[Calcium chloride]] | *[[Calcium chloride]] | ||
*[[Calcium gluconate]] | *[[Calcium gluconate]] | ||
| Line 176: | Line 174: | ||
*[[Hypokalemia]] | *[[Hypokalemia]] | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
*[[Hypothermia]] | *[[Hypothermia]]<ref name="pmid24429494">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gurabi Z, Koncz I, Patocskai B, Nesterenko VV, Antzelevitch C |title=Cellular mechanism underlying hypothermia-induced ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in the setting of early repolarization and the protective effect of quinidine, cilostazol, and milrinone |journal=Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=134–42 |date=February 2014 |pmid=24429494 |pmc=3951442 |doi=10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000919 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Hypoxia]] | *[[Hypoxia]] | ||
*[[Ibutilide]] | *[[Ibutilide]] | ||
| Line 187: | Line 185: | ||
*[[Myocardial ischemia]] | *[[Myocardial ischemia]] | ||
*[[Myocarditis]] <ref name="pmid24772701">{{cite journal| author=Jain PK, Sharma AK, Agarwal N, Jain PK, Sengar NS, Agarwal N et al.| title=A prospective clinical study of myocarditis in cases of acute ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (hair dye) poisoning in northern India. | journal=J Assoc Physicians India | year= 2013 | volume= 61 | issue= 9 | pages= 633-6, 644 | pmid=24772701 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24772701 }} </ref> | *[[Myocarditis]] <ref name="pmid24772701">{{cite journal| author=Jain PK, Sharma AK, Agarwal N, Jain PK, Sengar NS, Agarwal N et al.| title=A prospective clinical study of myocarditis in cases of acute ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (hair dye) poisoning in northern India. | journal=J Assoc Physicians India | year= 2013 | volume= 61 | issue= 9 | pages= 633-6, 644 | pmid=24772701 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24772701 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Naratriptan]] | |||
*[[Pericardial tamponade]] | *[[Pericardial tamponade]] | ||
*[[Phenobarbital]] | *[[Phenobarbital]] | ||
| Line 202: | Line 201: | ||
*[[Sudden cardiac death]] | *[[Sudden cardiac death]] | ||
*[[Sudden infant death syndrome]] | *[[Sudden infant death syndrome]] | ||
*[[Sumatriptan]] | |||
*[[Tension pneumothorax]] | *[[Tension pneumothorax]] | ||
*[[Torsade de pointes]] | *[[Torsade de pointes]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:18, 14 January 2020
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Ventricular fibrillation Microchapters |
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Differentiating Ventricular Fibrillation from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Ventricular fibrillation causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ventricular fibrillation causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ventricular fibrillation causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2] Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[3]
Overview
The heart pumps blood to the lungs, brain, and other organs. Interruption of the heartbeat for only a few seconds can lead to fainting (syncope) or cardiac arrest. Fibrillation is an uncontrolled twitching or quivering of muscle fibers (fibrils). When it occurs in the lower chambers of the heart, it is called ventricular fibrillation. During ventricular fibrillation, blood is not pumped from the heart. Sudden cardiac death results. The most common cause of VF is a heart attack. However, VF can occur whenever the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Acute coronary ischemia[1]
- Pericardial tamponade
- Pulmonary embolism
- Tension pneumothorax
Common Causes
Common causes of ventricular fibrillation include:[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Cardiomyopathies
- Commotio cordis
- Congenital heart disease
- Electrocution
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart surgery
- Electrolyte abnormalities
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order[8][9][10]
References
- ↑ Koplan BA, Stevenson WG (March 2009). "Ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death". Mayo Clin. Proc. 84 (3): 289–97. doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61149-X. PMC 2664600. PMID 19252119.
- ↑ Khairy P (November 2016). "Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in adults with congenital heart disease". Heart. 102 (21): 1703–1709. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-309069. PMID 27250216.
- ↑ Maury P, Sacher F, Rollin A, Mondoly P, Duparc A, Zeppenfeld K, Hascoet S (May 2017). "Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in tetralogy of Fallot". Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 110 (5): 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2016.12.006. PMID 28222965.
- ↑ Saumarez RC, Camm AJ, Panagos A, Gill JS, Stewart JT, de Belder MA, Simpson IA, McKenna WJ (August 1992). "Ventricular fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased fractionation of paced right ventricular electrograms". Circulation. 86 (2): 467–74. doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.2.467. PMID 1638716.
- ↑ Bektas, Firat; Soyuncu, Secgin (2012). "Hypokalemia-induced Ventricular Fibrillation". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 42 (2): 184–185. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.05.079. ISSN 0736-4679.
- ↑ Klasner, Ann E; Scalzo, Anthony J; Blume, Carolyn; Johnson, Paul; Thompson, Michael W (1996). "Marked Hypocalcemia and Ventricular Fibrillation in Two Pediatric Patients Exposed to a Fluoride-Containing Wheel Cleaner". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 28 (6): 713–718. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70097-5. ISSN 0196-0644.
- ↑ Billman GE, Hoskins RS (November 1988). "Cocaine-induced ventricular fibrillation: protection afforded by the calcium antagonist verapamil". FASEB J. 2 (14): 2990–5. doi:10.1096/fasebj.2.14.3181653. PMID 3181653.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Heist, E. Kevin; Ruskin, Jeremy N. (2010). "Drug-Induced Arrhythmia". Circulation. 122 (14): 1426–1435. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894725. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
- ↑ Alings, Marco; Wilde, Arthur (1999). ""Brugada" Syndrome". Circulation. 99 (5): 666–673. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.99.5.666. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ Gurabi Z, Koncz I, Patocskai B, Nesterenko VV, Antzelevitch C (February 2014). "Cellular mechanism underlying hypothermia-induced ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in the setting of early repolarization and the protective effect of quinidine, cilostazol, and milrinone". Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 7 (1): 134–42. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000919. PMC 3951442. PMID 24429494.
- ↑ Jain PK, Sharma AK, Agarwal N, Jain PK, Sengar NS, Agarwal N; et al. (2013). "A prospective clinical study of myocarditis in cases of acute ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (hair dye) poisoning in northern India". J Assoc Physicians India. 61 (9): 633–6, 644. PMID 24772701.