Minocycline: Difference between revisions

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|genericName=Minocycline
|genericName=Minocycline
|aOrAn=a
|aOrAn=a
|drugClass=tetracycline antiobiotic
|drugClass=[[tetracycline]] antiobiotic
|indicationType=treatment
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=is indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis. Minocycline may be used as part of a periodontal maintenance program which includes good oral hygiene, and scaling and root planing.
|indication=is indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult [[periodontitis]]. Minocycline may be used as part of a periodontal maintenance program which includes good [[oral]] hygiene, and scaling and root planing
|adverseReactions=the most frequently reported nondental treatment-emergent adverse events in the 3 multicenter US trials were headache, infection, flu syndrome, and pain. Dental conditions include peritonitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis.
|adverseReactions=the most frequently reported nondental treatment-emergent adverse events in the 3 multicenter US trials were [[headache]], [[infection]], [[flu syndrome]], and pain. Dental conditions include [[peritonitis]], [[gingivitis]], [[stomatitis]], [[pharyngitis]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<b><span style="color:#FF0000;">TITLE</span></b>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">Condition Name:</span></i> (Content)
|fdaLIADAdult=Minocycline is indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis. Minocycline may be used as part of a periodontal maintenance program which includes good oral hygiene, and scaling and root planing.
|fdaLIADAdult=Minocycline is indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult [[periodontitis]]. Minocycline may be used as part of a periodontal maintenance program which includes good oral hygiene, and scaling and root planing.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Minocycline in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Minocycline in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Minocycline in adult patients.
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Minocycline in adult patients.
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|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Minocycline in pediatric patients.
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of Minocycline in pediatric patients.
|contraindications=It should not be used in any patient who has a known sensitivity to tetracyclines.
|contraindications=It should not be used in any patient who has a known sensitivity to tetracyclines.
|clinicalTrials=* This medication may cause upset stomach, diarrhea, dizziness, unsteadiness, drowsiness, headache or vomiting. If these symptoms persist or worsen, one should notify their doctor. Minocycline increases sensitivity to sunlight. Prolonged sun exposure should be avoided. Wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen if needed. Very unlikely but should be reported: fever, yellowing of the eyes or skin, stomach pain, sore throat, vision changes and mental changes.
|clinicalTrials=* This medication may cause upset [[stomach]], [[diarrhea]], [[dizziness]], unsteadiness, [[drowsiness]], [[headache]] or [[vomiting]]. If these symptoms persist or worsen, one should notify their doctor. Minocycline increases sensitivity to sunlight. Prolonged sun exposure should be avoided. Wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen if needed. Very unlikely but should be reported: [[fever]], yellowing of the [[eyes]] or [[skin]], [[stomach]] [[pain]], [[sore throat]], vision changes and mental changes.
* In those cases where this drug must be used for extended periods, blue-gray skin discoloration may occur. In the unlikely event one has an allergic reaction to this drug, immediate medical attention should be sought. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. Other effects not listed above should be reported to the doctor or pharmacist.
* In those cases where this drug must be used for extended periods, blue-gray skin discoloration may occur. In the unlikely event one has an allergic reaction to this drug, immediate medical attention should be sought. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. Other effects not listed above should be reported to the doctor or pharmacist.
|administration=* THE USUAL DOSAGE AND FREQUENCY OF ADMINISTRATION OF MINOCYCLINE DIFFERS FROM THAT OF THE OTHER TETRACYCLINES. EXCEEDING THE RECOMMENDED DOSAGE MAY RESULT IN AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS.
|administration=* [[Oral]]
* Minocycline hydrochloride capsules may be taken with or without food.
* For Pediatric Patients Above 8 Years of Age
The usual dosage of minocycline hydrochloride capsules is 4 mg/kg initially followed by 2 mg/kg every 12 hours.
Adults
* The usual dosage of minocycline hydrochloride is 200 mg initially followed by 100 mg every 12 hours. Alternatively, if more frequent doses are preferred, two or four 50 mg capsules may be given initially followed by one 50 mg capsule four times daily.
* Uncomplicated gonococcal infections other than urethritis and anorectal infections in men: 200 mg initially, followed by 100 mg every 12 hours for a minimum of four days, with post-therapy cultures within 2 to 3 days.
* In the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in men, 100 mg every 12 hours for five days is recommended.
* For the treatment of syphilis, the usual dosage of minocycline hydrochloride capsules should be administered over a period of 10 to 15 days. Close follow-up, including laboratory tests, is recommended.
* In the treatment of meningococcal carrier state, the recommended dosage is 100 mg every 12 hours for five days.
 
Mycobacterium marinum infections: Although optimal doses have not been established, 100 mg every 12 hours for 6 to 8 weeks have been used successfully in a limited number of cases.
* Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum: 100 mg orally, every 12 hours for at least seven days.
* Ingestion of adequate amounts of fluids along with capsule and tablet forms of drugs in the tetracycline-class is recommended to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration.
* In patients with renal impairment, the total dosage should be decreased by either reducing the recommended individual doses and/or by extending the time intervals between doses.
|drugBox={{drugbox2
|drugBox={{drugbox2
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Verifiedfields = changed
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| verifiedrevid = 413871574
| verifiedrevid = 413871574
| IUPAC_name = (2''E'',4''S'',4a''R'',5aS,12a''R'')- 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)- 4,7-bis(dimethylamino)- 10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a,6- tetrahydro-4H-tetracene- 1,3,12-trione<ref>[http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=APRD00547.txt DrugBank: DB01017 (Minocycline)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| IUPAC_name = (2''E'',4''S'',4a''R'',5aS,12a''R'')- 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)- 4,7-bis(dimethylamino)- 10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a,6- tetrahydro-4H-tetracene- 1,3,12-trione<ref>[http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=APRD00547.txt DrugBank: DB01017 (Minocycline)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| image = Minocycline structure.svg
| image = Minocycline structure.png
| image2 = Minocycline-from-xtal-PDB-2DRD-3D-balls.png
| image2 = Minocycline-from-xtal-PDB-2DRD-3D-balls.png


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* Store at 20º–25ºC (68º–77ºF).  
* Store at 20º–25ºC (68º–77ºF).  
* Protect from light, moisture and excessive heat.
* Protect from light, moisture and excessive heat.
|packLabel=[[File:DailyMed - MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE- minocycline hydrochloride tablet, film coated .png|thumb|none|400px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
|alcohol=Alcohol-Minocycline interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
|alcohol=Alcohol-Minocycline interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
|brandNames=Minomycin
|brandNames=*MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE- minocycline hydrochloride tablet, film coated | url =http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4f243e45-a1e6-4246-95f8-196f2b491185 }}</ref>
Minocin
Arestin
Akamin
Aknemin
Solodyn
Dynacin
Sebomin
}}
{{drugbox
| IUPAC_name        = 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4,7-<br />bis(dimethylamino)-10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a,<br />
6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,3,12-trione<br />(synonym 7-Dimethylamino-6-demethyl-<br />6-deoxytetracycline)
| image            =
| CAS_number        = 10118-90-8
| ATC_prefix        = J01
| ATC_suffix        = AA08
| ATC_supplemental  = {{ATC|A01|AB23}}
| PubChem          = 24960
| DrugBank          = APRD00547
| C=23 | H=27 | N=3 | O=7
| molecular_weight = 457.477
| bioavailability  = 100%
| protein_bound    =
| metabolism        = [[liver]]
| elimination_half-life = 11-22 hours
| excretion        = mostly [[fecal]], rest [[renal]]
| pregnancy_AU      = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US      = <!-- A / B            / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_category=
| legal_AU          =  S4
| legal_CA          =  <!--             / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_UK          =  <!-- GSL        / P      / POM / CD / Class A, B, C -->
| legal_US          =  <!-- OTC                  / Rx-only  / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
| legal_status      =
| routes_of_administration = oral
}}
{{SI}}


<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
<!--Pill Image-->


'''Minocycline hydrochloride''', also known as '''minocycline''', is a member of the broad spectrum  [[tetracycline antibiotics]], and has a broader spectrum than the other members. It is a [[bacteriostatic]] antibiotic.  As a result of its long half-life it generally has [[blood plasma|serum]] levels 2-4 times that of most other tetracyclines (150 mg giving 16 times the activity levels compared to 250 mg of [[tetracycline]]  at 24-48 hours). Minocycline was originally discovered by [[American Cyanamid|Lederle Laboratories]] and marketed under the brand name ''Minocin''.<ref>[http://www.scripps.edu/chem/baran/images/grpmtgpdf/Lin_Mar_05revised.pdf]Lin, DW The Tetracyclines March 2005</ref>


==Indications==
It is primarily used to treat [[Acne vulgaris|acne]] and other skin infections as the one pill twice daily 100 mg dosage is far easier for patients than the four times a day required with tetracycline or [[oxytetracycline]]. 


Although minocycline's broader spectrum of activity, compared to other members of the group, includes activity against [[Neisseria meningitidis]], its use as a [[prophylaxis]] is no longer recommended because of side effects (dizziness and [[vertigo (medical)|vertigo]]).
<!--Label Display Image-->


It may be used to treat certain strains of [[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus|MRSA]] infection and disease caused by drug resistant [[Acinetobacter]].


For other uses of minocycline see [[Tetracycline antibiotics]] and [[oxytetracycline]] as the uses are much the same between Tetracyclines with only minor exceptions.


==Cautions==
Contrary to all the other tetracycline antibiotics ([[Doxycyclin]] excluded), minocycline may be used in renal impairment, but may be aggravating [[systemic lupus erythematosus]].<!--
  --><ref name="Note1">{{cite journal | author=Gough A, Chapman S, Wagstaff K, Emery P, Elias E | title=Minocycline induced autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome | journal=BMJ | year=1996 | pages=169-72 | volume=312 | issue=7024 | id=PMID 8563540  |url=http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/312/7024/169}}</ref>


Also, more so than other tetracyclines, minocycline can cause the rare condition of [[idiopathic intracranial hypertension|secondary intracranial hypertension]] which has initial symptoms of headache, visual disturbances, and confusion.  [[Meningitis]] and [[cerebral edema]] are rare side effects of minocycline.<!--
}}
  --><ref>{{cite journal|title=Minocycline-induced hypersensitivity syndrome presenting with meningitis and brain edema: a case report|author=Lefebvre N, Forestier E, Farhi D, ''et al.''|journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports|year=2007|volume=1|pages=22|url=http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/1/1/22}}</ref>
<!--Category-->
 
Minocycline, like all tetracyclines, becomes dangerous past its expiration date. While most prescription drugs lose potency after their expiration dates, tetracyclines are known to become toxic over time; expired tetracyclines can cause serious damage to the kidneys.
 
Minocycline's absorption is impaired if taken at the same time of day as calcium or iron supplements. Unlike some of the other tetracycline group antibiotics, it can be taken with calcium rich foods such as milk, although this does reduce the absorption slightly (by ~5%).{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
 
==Side effects==
This medication may cause upset stomach, [[diarrhea]], [[dizziness]], unsteadiness, [[somnolence|drowsiness]], [[headache]] or [[vomiting]]. If these symptoms persist or worsen, one should notify their doctor. Minocycline increases [[photophobia|sensitivity to sunlight]]. Prolonged sun exposure should be avoided. Wear protective clothing and use a [[sunscreen]] if needed. Very unlikely but should be reported: [[fever]], [[jaundice|yellowing of the eyes or skin]], stomach pain, sore throat, vision changes and mental changes.
 
In those cases where this drug must be used for extended periods, blue-gray skin discoloration may occur. In the unlikely event one has an [[allergic reaction]] to this drug, immediate medical attention should be sought. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include [[rash]], itching, swelling, severe [[dizziness]], trouble breathing. Other effects not listed above should be reported to the doctor or pharmacist.
 
== Uses ==
* [[Acne]]
* [[Amoebic dysentery]]
* [[Anthrax]]
* [[Cholera]]
* [[Gonorrhea]] (when [[penicillin]] cannot be given)
* [[Bubonic plague]]
* Respiratory infections such as [[pneumonia]]
* [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
* [[Syphilis]] (when penicillin cannot be given)
* [[Urinary tract infection]]s, rectal infections, and infections of the [[cervix]] caused by certain microbes
 
==Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective==
Current research is examining the possible neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline against progression of a group of [[neurodegenerative disorder]]s including [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS), [[rheumatoid arthritis]] (RA), [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] (ALS), [[Huntington's disease]], and [[Parkinsons disease]],<!--
  --><ref>{{cite press release |title= Preliminary Study Shows Creatine and Minocycline May Warrant Further Study In Parkinson’s Disease |publisher= National Institute of Health |date= February 23, 2006 |url=http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/feb2006/ninds-23.htm |format= |language= |accessdate=}} </ref> amongst others neurodegenerative diseases.<!--
  --><ref name="Note2">{{cite journal | author=Chen M, Ona VO, Li M, Ferrante RJ, Fink KB, Zhu S, Bian J, Guo L, Farrell LA, Hersch SM, Hobbs W, Vonsattel JP, Cha JH, Friedlander RM | title=Minocycline inhibits caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression and delays mortality in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease | journal=Nat Med | year=2000 | pages=797-801 | volume=6 | issue=7 | id=PMID 10888929}}</ref><!--
  --><ref name="Note3">{{cite journal | author=Tikka TM, Koistinaho JE | title=Minocycline provides neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity by inhibiting microglia | journal=J Immunol | year=2001 | pages=7527-33 | volume=166 | issue=12 | id=PMID 11390507 |url=[http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/166/12/7527}}</ref><!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Nirmalananthan N, Greensmith L |title=Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances and future therapies |journal=Curr. Opin. Neurol. |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=712-9 |year=2005 |pmid=16280684 |doi=}}</ref>
 
The neuroprotective action of minocycline may include its inhibitory effect on 5-[[lipoxygenase]],<!--
  --><ref name="Note4">{{cite journal | author=Song Y, Wei EQ, Zhang WP, Zhang L, Liu JR, Chen Z | title=Minocycline protects PC12 cells from ischemic-like injury and inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activation | journal=Neuroreport | year=2004 | pages=2181-4 | volume=15 | issue=14 | id=PMID 15371729}} </ref>
an inflammatory enzyme associated with brain aging, and is being studied for use in [[Alzheimer's disease]] patients.<!--
  --><ref name="Note5">{{cite journal | author=Uz T, Pesold C, Longone P, Manev H | title=Aging-associated up-regulation of neuronal 5-lipoxygenase expression: putative role in neuronal vulnerability | journal=FASEB J | year=1998 | pages=439-49 | volume=12 | issue=6 | id=PMID 9535216 |url=http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/12/6/439}}</ref>
It also has been used as a "last ditch" treatment for [[toxoplasmosis]] in [[AIDS]] patients. Minocycline is neuroprotective in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease and has been recently shown to stabilize the course of Huntington's disease in humans over a 2-year period.
 
As an anti-inflammatory, minocycline inhibits [[apoptotic|apoptosis]] (cell death) via attenuation of [[TNF-alpha]], downregulating pro-inflammatory [[cytokine]] output.  This effect is mediated by a direct action of minocycline on the activated [[T cells]] and on [[microglia]], which results in the decreased ability of T cells to contact microglia which impairs cytokine production in T cell-microglia [[signal transduction]] .<!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Giuliani F, Hader W, Yong VW |title=Minocycline attenuates T cell and microglia activity to impair cytokine production in T cell-microglia interaction |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=135-43 |year=2005 |pmid=15817702 |doi=10.1189/jlb.0804477}}</ref>
Minocycline also inhibits microglial activation, through blockade of [[NF-kB|NF-kappa B]] nuclear translocation.
 
It is thought that minocycline exerts neuroprotective effects independent of its anti-inflammatory properties.<!--
  --><ref name="Maier">{{cite journal |author=Maier K, Merkler D, Gerber J, Taheri N, Kuhnert AV, Williams SK, Neusch C, Bähr M, Diem R |title=Multiple neuroprotective mechanisms of minocycline in autoimmune CNS inflammation |journal=Neurobiol. Dis. |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=514-25 |year=2007 |pmid=17239606 |doi=10.1016/j.nbd.2006.10.022}}</ref>
 
A recent study reported the impact of the antibiotic minocycline on clinical and [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) outcomes and serum immune molecules in MS patients over 24 months of open-label minocycline treatment. Despite a moderately high pretreatment relapse rate in patients in the study prior to treatment, no relapses occurred between months 6 and 24. The only patient with [[gadolinium]]-enhancing lesions on MRI at 12 and 24 months was on half-dose minocycline. Levels of [[interleukin-12]] (IL-12), which at high levels might antagonize the proinflammatory IL-12 receptor, were elevated over 18 months of treatment, as were levels of soluble [[Blood vessel|vascular]] [[cell adhesion molecule|cell adhesion molecule-1]] ([[VCAM-1]]). The activity of [[matrix metalloproteinase|matrix metalloproteinase-9]] was decreased by treatment. Clinical and MRI outcomes in this study were supported by systemic immunological changes and call for further investigation of minocycline in MS.<!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Zabad RK, Metz LM, Todoruk TR, Zhang Y, Mitchell JR, Yeung M, Patry DG, Bell RB, Yong VW |title=The clinical response to minocycline in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by beneficial immune changes: a pilot study |journal=Mult. Scler. |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=517-26 |year=2007 |pmid=17463074 |doi=10.1177/1352458506070319}}</ref><!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Zemke D, Majid A |title=The potential of minocycline for neuroprotection in human neurologic disease |journal=Clinical neuropharmacology |volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=293-8 |year=2004 |pmid=15613934 |doi=}}</ref><!--
  --><ref name="Maier">{{cite journal |author=Maier K, Merkler D, Gerber J, Taheri N, Kuhnert AV, Williams SK, Neusch C, Bähr M, Diem R |title=Multiple neuroprotective mechanisms of minocycline in autoimmune CNS inflammation |journal=Neurobiol. Dis. |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=514-25 |year=2007 |pmid=17239606 |doi=10.1016/j.nbd.2006.10.022}}</ref><!--
  --><ref>{{cite journal |author=Popovic N, Schubart A, Goetz BD, Zhang SC, Linington C, Duncan ID |title=Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=215-23 |year=2002 |pmid=11835378 |doi=}}</ref>
 
==Trade names and availability==
Minocycline is no longer covered by patent and is therefore marketed under several trade names:
*'''Minomycin'''
*'''Minocin'''
*'''Arestin'''
*'''Akamin'''
*'''Aknemin'''
*'''Solodyn'''
*'''Dynacin'''
*'''Sebomin'''
 
StoneBridge Pharma also markets Minocycline as '''Cleeravue-M''' in combination with SteriLid eyelid cleanser in the treatment of [[rosacea]] [[blepharitis]].
 
==Footnotes==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
 
==External links==
*[http://www.bnf.org/bnf/noframes/search.htm?q=Minocycline&submitImage.x=59&submitImage.y=15 British National Formulary] ''45'' March 2003
*[[New Zealand]] [http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/Datasheet/m/Minotabtab.htm Datasheet] May 2002
*[http://www.drugs.com/minocycline.html Minocycline on drugs.com]
*[http://www.medicinenet.com/minocycline-oral/article.htm Minocycline on medicinenet.com]
 
{{Stomatological preparations}}
{{TetracyclineAntiBiotics}}


[[Category:Drug]]
[[Category:Tetracycline antibiotics]]
[[Category:Tetracycline antibiotics]]
[[de:Minocyclin]]
[[es:Minociclina]]
[[fr:Minocycline]]
[[ru:Миноциклин]]
[[th:มิโนซัยคลิน]]
[[tr:Minosiklin]]
{{WH}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 14:46, 10 March 2015

Minocycline
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

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Overview

Minocycline is a tetracycline antiobiotic that is FDA approved for the treatment of is indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis. Minocycline may be used as part of a periodontal maintenance program which includes good oral hygiene, and scaling and root planing. Common adverse reactions include the most frequently reported nondental treatment-emergent adverse events in the 3 multicenter US trials were headache, infection, flu syndrome, and pain. Dental conditions include peritonitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Minocycline is indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planing procedures for reduction of pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis. Minocycline may be used as part of a periodontal maintenance program which includes good oral hygiene, and scaling and root planing.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Minocycline in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Minocycline in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding Minocycline FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric) in the drug label.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Minocycline in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Minocycline in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

It should not be used in any patient who has a known sensitivity to tetracyclines.

Warnings

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Warnings' in the drug label.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

  • This medication may cause upset stomach, diarrhea, dizziness, unsteadiness, drowsiness, headache or vomiting. If these symptoms persist or worsen, one should notify their doctor. Minocycline increases sensitivity to sunlight. Prolonged sun exposure should be avoided. Wear protective clothing and use a sunscreen if needed. Very unlikely but should be reported: fever, yellowing of the eyes or skin, stomach pain, sore throat, vision changes and mental changes.
  • In those cases where this drug must be used for extended periods, blue-gray skin discoloration may occur. In the unlikely event one has an allergic reaction to this drug, immediate medical attention should be sought. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. Other effects not listed above should be reported to the doctor or pharmacist.

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): There is no FDA guidance on usage of Minocycline in women who are pregnant.
Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Minocycline in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Minocycline during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline in women who are nursing.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline in pediatric settings.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline in geriatric settings.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Minocycline in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Minocycline in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Minocycline and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Minocycline overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

Template:Px
Template:Px
Minocycline
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2E,4S,4aR,5aS,12aR)- 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)- 4,7-bis(dimethylamino)- 10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a,6- tetrahydro-4H-tetracene- 1,3,12-trione[1]
Identifiers
CAS number 10118-90-8
ATC code J01AA08 A01AB23 (WHO)
PubChem 24960
DrugBank DB01017
Chemical data
Formula Template:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox 
Mol. mass 457.477
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 100%
Metabolism liver
Half life 11–22 hours
Excretion mostly fecal, rest renal
Therapeutic considerations
Licence data

US

Pregnancy cat.

D(US)

Legal status

Prescription Only (S4)(AU) [[Prescription drug|Template:Unicode-only]](US)

Routes oral

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Pharmacodynamics in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Pharmacokinetics in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Clinical Studies in the drug label.

How Supplied

  • Minocycline equivalent to 50 mg minocycline are opaque white capsules imprinted "0487" and "DYNACIN® 50 mg" and are supplied as follows:

NDC 99207-487-10 Bottles of 100 NDC 99207-487-11 Bottle of 1000.

  • Minocycline equivalent to 75 mg minocycline are light gray opaque capsules imprinted "0489" and "DYNACIN® 75 mg" and are supplied as follows:

NDC 99207-489-10 Bottles of 100 NDC 99207-489-11 Bottle of 1000.

  • Minocycline equivalent to 100 mg minocycline are opaque dark gray and opaque white capsules imprinted "0488" and "DYNACIN® 100 mg" and are supplied as follows:

NDC 99207-488-05 Bottles of 50 NDC 99207-488-11 Bottle of 1000.

  • Dispense in tight, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure.
  • Store at 20º–25ºC (68º–77ºF).
  • Protect from light, moisture and excessive heat.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

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Package and Label Display Panel

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

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Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Minocycline interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

  • MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ®[2]

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Minocycline Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ DrugBank: DB01017 (Minocycline)
  2. ↑ "MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE- minocycline hydrochloride tablet, film coated".
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