Leishmaniasis differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]

Overview

Cutaneous leishmaniasis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause ulcerative skin lesions, such as: bacterial skin infections, blastomycosis, fungal skin infections, eczema, leprosy, sarcoidosis, syphilis, skin neoplasm, and tuberculosis. Visceral leishmaniasis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia, such as: brucellosis, bacterial endocarditis, schistosomiasis, leukemia, lymphomas, miliary tuberculosis, hemolytic anemia, and HIV.

Differential Diagnosis

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis	Visceral Leishmanisis	Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
Bacterial skin infections Blastomycosis Other fungal skin infections Eczema Leprosy Sarcoidosis Syphilis Skin neoplasm Skin tuberculosis Verrucous lesions	Brucellosis Bacterial endocarditis Schistosomiasis Leukemia Lymphomas Miliary tuberculosis Hemolytic anemia Malnutrition HIV disease African trypanosomiasis	Behçet’s syndrome Histoplasmosis Skin neoplasm Discoid lupus erythematosus Rhinoscleroma Syphilis Wegener’s granulomatosis Skin tuberculosis