Community-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death worldwide for children younger than 5 years of age. Both children and the elderly are at a higher risk for pneumonia complications. Countries in the Middle East and Africa have a higher pneumonia caused mortality rate amongst children. | Pneumonia is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States. It is the leading cause of death worldwide for children younger than 5 years of age. Both children and the elderly are at a higher risk for pneumonia complications. Countries in the Middle East and Africa have a higher pneumonia caused mortality rate amongst children. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
{|style="float:right" | {|style="float:right" | ||
|[[File:Percentage_of_adults_aged_65_and_over_who_had_ever_received_a_pneumococcal_vaccination_United_States,_1997–2012.png|thumb|450px|''' Percentage of adults aged 65 and over who had ever received a pneumococcal vaccination: United States, 1997–2012'''<br> Graph obtained from CDC <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/earlyrelease201306_05.pdf |title=CDC Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey - Receipt of pneumococcal vaccination}}</ref>]] | |[[File:Percentage_of_adults_aged_65_and_over_who_had_ever_received_a_pneumococcal_vaccination_United_States,_1997–2012.png|thumb|450px|''' Percentage of adults aged 65 and over who had ever received a pneumococcal vaccination: United States, 1997–2012'''<br> Graph obtained from CDC <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/earlyrelease201306_05.pdf |title=CDC Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey - Receipt of pneumococcal vaccination}}</ref>]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
*As many as 400,000 hospitalizations from pneumococcal pneumonia are estimated to occur annually in the United States. Pneumococci accounts for about 30% of adult community-acquired pneumonia. <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/clinicians/clinical-features.html| title= CDC Pneumococcal Disease - Clinical Features}} </ref> | *As many as 400,000 hospitalizations from pneumococcal pneumonia are estimated to occur annually in the United States. Pneumococci accounts for about 30% of adult community-acquired pneumonia. <ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/clinicians/clinical-features.html| title= CDC Pneumococcal Disease - Clinical Features}} </ref> | ||
*In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and older received a pneumococcal vaccination.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | *In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and older received a pneumococcal vaccination.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | ||
*In 2010, the number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | *In 2010, the number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients. The average length of stay for pneumonia patients admitted to hospitals was 5.2 days.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | ||
* | *An increasing rate of CAP is seen with age. Approximately 5 to 6 cases of [[pneumonia]] per 1000 persons are observed among adults. A pronounced seasonal effect on the number of patients presenting to the emergency department is also noted. During the winter months, there is an approximately 50% rise in the number of cases compared to the summer months.<ref name="Marrie-2005">{{Cite journal | last1 = Marrie | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Huang | first2 = JQ. | title = Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study. | journal = Can Respir J | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 139-42 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 15875065 }}</ref> | ||
* | *''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' is the leading cause of [[pneumonia]] worldwide.<ref name="Miniño-2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Miniño | first1 = AM. | last2 = Murphy | first2 = SL. | last3 = Xu | first3 = J. | last4 = Kochanek | first4 = KD. | title = Deaths: final data for 2008. | journal = Natl Vital Stat Rep | volume = 59 | issue = 10 | pages = 1-126 | month = Dec | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 22808755 }}</ref> | ||
===Mortality=== | ===Mortality=== | ||
* About 3.5 million deaths yearly have been attributed to [[lower respiratory tract infection]]s (LRTI). LTRIs are the third most common cause of overall death and the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.<ref name="www.who.int">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = WHO | The top 10 causes of death | url = http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html | publisher = | date = | accessdate = }}</ref> | |||
* [[Pneumonia]] is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States. | |||
* The number of deaths in the US in 2011 attributed to pneumonia was 52,294. <ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | |||
* Pneumonia mortality rate was 16.8 deaths per 100,000 in the US in 2011. <ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | |||
* A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe [[bacteremia]]. | * A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe [[bacteremia]]. | ||
* More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients. | * More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients. | ||
* The percentage of hospital inpatient deaths from pneumonia in the US 2006 was 3.4%. <ref>http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_168.pdf</ref> | * The percentage of hospital inpatient deaths from pneumonia in the US 2006 was 3.4%. <ref>http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_168.pdf</ref> | ||
===Age=== | |||
*Individuals older than 85 years of age are at a particularly high risk of developing CAP that can reach an annual rate of 5-10%.<ref name="pmid15578365">{{cite journal| author=Jackson ML, Neuzil KM, Thompson WW, Shay DK, Yu O, Hanson CA et al.| title=The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 11 | pages= 1642-50 | pmid=15578365 | doi=10.1086/425615 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15578365 }} </ref> | |||
*Individuals younger than 3 years and older than 65 years of age are more likely to be hospitalized with severe symptoms and complications. | |||
===Gender=== | |||
*The risk of CAP is similar in males and females. | |||
==Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries<ref name="pmid23826505">{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 010401 | pmid=23826505 | doi=10.7189/jogh.03.010401 | pmc=PMC3700032 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23826505 }} </ref>== | ==Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries<ref name="pmid23826505">{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 010401 | pmid=23826505 | doi=10.7189/jogh.03.010401 | pmc=PMC3700032 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23826505 }} </ref>== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] | [[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:02, 29 July 2020
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Community-acquired pneumonia from other Diseases |
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Community-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Community-acquired pneumonia |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Community-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]
Overview
Pneumonia is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States. It is the leading cause of death worldwide for children younger than 5 years of age. Both children and the elderly are at a higher risk for pneumonia complications. Countries in the Middle East and Africa have a higher pneumonia caused mortality rate amongst children.
Epidemiology
 Graph obtained from CDC [1] |
- As many as 400,000 hospitalizations from pneumococcal pneumonia are estimated to occur annually in the United States. Pneumococci accounts for about 30% of adult community-acquired pneumonia. [2]
- In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and older received a pneumococcal vaccination.[3]
- In 2010, the number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients. The average length of stay for pneumonia patients admitted to hospitals was 5.2 days.[3]
- An increasing rate of CAP is seen with age. Approximately 5 to 6 cases of pneumonia per 1000 persons are observed among adults. A pronounced seasonal effect on the number of patients presenting to the emergency department is also noted. During the winter months, there is an approximately 50% rise in the number of cases compared to the summer months.[4]
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of pneumonia worldwide.[5]
Mortality
- About 3.5 million deaths yearly have been attributed to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). LTRIs are the third most common cause of overall death and the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide.[6]
- Pneumonia is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States.
- The number of deaths in the US in 2011 attributed to pneumonia was 52,294. [3]
- Pneumonia mortality rate was 16.8 deaths per 100,000 in the US in 2011. [3]
- A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe bacteremia.
- More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients.
- The percentage of hospital inpatient deaths from pneumonia in the US 2006 was 3.4%. [7]
Age
- Individuals older than 85 years of age are at a particularly high risk of developing CAP that can reach an annual rate of 5-10%.[8]
- Individuals younger than 3 years and older than 65 years of age are more likely to be hospitalized with severe symptoms and complications.
Gender
- The risk of CAP is similar in males and females.
Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries[9]
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References
- ↑ "CDC Early Release of Selected Estimates Based on Data From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey - Receipt of pneumococcal vaccination" (PDF).
- ↑ "CDC Pneumococcal Disease - Clinical Features".
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "CDC Pneumonia FastStats".
- ↑ Marrie, TJ.; Huang, JQ. (2005). "Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study". Can Respir J. 12 (3): 139–42. PMID 15875065. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Miniño, AM.; Murphy, SL.; Xu, J.; Kochanek, KD. (2011). "Deaths: final data for 2008". Natl Vital Stat Rep. 59 (10): 1–126. PMID 22808755. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "WHO". Text " The top 10 causes of death " ignored (help)
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_168.pdf
- ↑ Jackson ML, Neuzil KM, Thompson WW, Shay DK, Yu O, Hanson CA; et al. (2004). "The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (11): 1642–50. doi:10.1086/425615. PMID 15578365.
- ↑ Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S; et al. (2013). "Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries". J Glob Health. 3 (1): 010401. doi:10.7189/jogh.03.010401. PMC 3700032. PMID 23826505.