Premature ventricular contraction causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Premature ventricular contraction}}
{{Premature ventricular contraction}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{M.P}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{M.P}}{{Radwa}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Premature ventricular contractions can occur in a healthy person of any age, however they are more common in patients with underlying heart disease such as [[ischemic heart disease]] and [[structural heart disease]].  Patients on [[tricyclic antidepressant]] are at risk of having [[PVC]]s.
Premature ventricular contractions can occur in a healthy person of any age, however, they are more common in patients with underlying heart disease such as [[ischemic heart disease]] and [[structural heart disease]].  Patients on [[tricyclic antidepressant]] are at risk of having [[PVC]]s.


==Causes==
==Causes==
Line 19: Line 19:


===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Anxiety disorder]]
*[[Anxiety disorder]]
*[[Azithromycin]]
*[[Azithromycin]]
*[[Caffeine|Caffeine consumption]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
Line 34: Line 36:
*[[Pulmonary artery catheter]]
*[[Pulmonary artery catheter]]
*[[Sympathomimetics]]
*[[Sympathomimetics]]
*[[Tobacco]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressant]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressant]]
*[[Valvular heart disease]]
*[[Valvular heart disease]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |
 
'''Cardiovascular'''
'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[AV block]], [[catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[myocardial contusion]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocarditis]], [[NSTEMI]], [[pericarditis]], [[restrictive cardiomyopathy]], [[right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome type 1]], [[short QT syndrome type 2]], [[short QT syndrome type 3]], [[short QT syndrome type 4]], [[short QT syndrome type 5]], [[STEMI]], [[Timothy syndrome]], [[torsade de pointes]], [[unstable angina]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[AV block]], [[catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[myocardial contusion]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocarditis]], [[NSTEMI]], [[pericarditis]], [[restrictive cardiomyopathy]], [[right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome type 1]], [[short QT syndrome type 2]], [[short QT syndrome type 3]], [[short QT syndrome type 4]], [[short QT syndrome type 5]], [[STEMI]], [[Timothy syndrome]], [[torsade de pointes]], [[unstable angina]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[monosodium glutamate]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[monosodium glutamate]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Almokalant]], [[aminophylline]], [[amiodarone]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amphetamines]], [[antiarrhythmics]], [[asenapine]], [[astemizole]], [[azimilide]], [[azithromycin]], [[bepridil]], [[chloroquine]], [[cisapride]], [[citalopram]], [[clomipramine]], [[clozapine]], [[cocaine]], [[desipramine]], [[digitalis]], [[digoxin]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[disopyramide]], [[dofetilide]], [[dolasetron]], [[doxepin]], [[dronedarone]], [[droperidol]], [[eribulin mesylate]], [[fluconazole]], [[halofantrine]], [[haloperidol]], [[Hydroxocobalamin]], [[ibutilide]], [[imipramine]], [[inotropes]], [[ketanserin]], [[ketoconazole]], [[lidoflazine]], [[lubeluzole]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methamphetamine]], [[midodrine]], [[mizolastine]], [[moxifloxacin]], [[naratriptan]], [[nicardipine]], [[nilotinib]], [[ondansetron]], [[Oxytocin]], [[pazopanib]], [[pentamidine]], [[Pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenylephrine]], [[pimozide]], [[piperaquine]], [[prenylamine]], [[probucol]], [[procainamide]], [[propoxyphene]], [[pseudoephedrine]], [[quinidine]], [[quinine]], [[ranolazine]], [[retigabine]], [[ritodrine]], [[ritonavir]], [[saquinavir]], [[sertindole]], [[sotalol]], [[sparfloxacin]], [[sympathomimetics]], [[tedisamil]], [[telithromycin]], [[terfenadine]], [[terodiline]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[theobromine]], [[thioridazine]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[vandetanib]], [[vemurafenib]], [[vernakalant]], [[voriconazole]], [[vorinostat]], [[ziprasidone]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Almokalant]], [[aminophylline]], [[amiodarone]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amphetamines]], [[antiarrhythmics]], [[asenapine]], [[astemizole]], [[azimilide]], [[azithromycin]], [[bepridil]], [[chloroquine]], [[cisapride]], [[citalopram]], [[clomipramine]], [[clozapine]], [[cromolyn]],[[cocaine]], [[desipramine]], [[digitalis]], [[digoxin]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[disopyramide]], [[dofetilide]], [[dolasetron]], [[doxepin]], [[dronedarone]], [[droperidol]], [[eribulin mesylate]], [[fluconazole]], [[halofantrine]], [[haloperidol]], [[Hydroxocobalamin]], [[ibutilide]], [[imipramine]], [[inotropes]], [[ketanserin]], [[ketoconazole]], [[lidoflazine]], [[lubeluzole]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methamphetamine]], [[midodrine]], [[mizolastine]], [[moxifloxacin]], [[naratriptan]], [[nicardipine]], [[nilotinib]], [[ondansetron]], [[Oxytocin]], [[pazopanib]], [[pentamidine]], [[Pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenylephrine]], [[pimozide]], [[piperaquine]], [[prenylamine]], [[probucol]], [[procainamide]], [[propoxyphene]], [[pseudoephedrine]], [[quinidine]], [[quinine]], [[ranolazine]], [[retigabine]], [[ritodrine]], [[ritonavir]], [[saquinavir]], [[sertindole]], [[sotalol]], [[sparfloxacin]], [[sympathomimetics]], [[tedisamil]], [[telithromycin]], [[terfenadine]], [[terodiline]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[theobromine]], [[thioridazine]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[vandetanib]], [[vemurafenib]], [[vernakalant]], [[voriconazole]], [[vorinostat]], [[ziprasidone]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[metabolic syndrome]], [[thyrotoxicosis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[metabolic syndrome]], [[thyrotoxicosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[channelopathies]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome type 1]], [[short QT syndrome type 2]], [[short QT syndrome type 3]], [[short QT syndrome type 4]], [[short QT syndrome type 5]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[channelopathies]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome type 1]], [[short QT syndrome type 2]], [[short QT syndrome type 3]], [[short QT syndrome type 4]], [[short QT syndrome type 5]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes  
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[heart transplantation|Acute cardiac allograft rejection]], [[cardiac stress test]], [[cardiac transplantation]], [[cardioversion]], [[defibrillation]], [[heart surgery]], [[pulmonary artery catheter]], [[right heart catheterisation]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[heart transplantation|Acute cardiac allograft rejection]], [[cardiac stress test]], [[cardiac transplantation]], [[cardioversion]], [[defibrillation]], [[heart surgery]], [[pulmonary artery catheter]], [[right heart catheterisation]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myocarditis]], [[rheumatic fever]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Myocarditis]], [[rheumatic fever]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Myotonic dystrophy]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acid-base disturbances]], [[acidosis]], [[acute starvation]], [[hypercalcemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acid-base disturbances]], [[acidosis]], [[acute starvation]], [[hypercalcemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pheochromocytoma]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pheochromocytoma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[amphetamines]], [[chloroquine]], [[clozapine]], [[cocaine]], [[digitalis]], [[halofantrine]], [[haloperidol]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methamphetamine]], [[quinine]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Amiodarone]], [[amphetamines]], [[chloroquine]], [[clozapine]], [[cocaine]], [[digitalis]], [[halofantrine]], [[haloperidol]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methamphetamine]], [[quinine]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute stress disorder]], [[anxiety disorders]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute stress disorder]], [[anxiety disorders]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung disease|Chronic lung disease]], [[COPD]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[hypercapnia]], [[hypoxia]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[respiratory acidosis]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Lung disease|Chronic lung disease]], [[COPD]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[hypercapnia]], [[hypoxia]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[respiratory acidosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic renal failure]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], [[hypokalemia]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chronic renal failure]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], [[hypokalemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[heart transplantation|Acute cardiac allograft rejection]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[heart transplantation|Acute cardiac allograft rejection]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Electrocution]], [[myocardial contusion]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Electrocution]], [[myocardial contusion]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic]], [[zero gravity]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Alcohol|Alcohol,]] [[caffeine]], [[Idiopathic]], [[tobacco]], [[zero gravity]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 163: Line 165:
*[[Acute starvation]]
*[[Acute starvation]]
*[[Acute stress disorder]]
*[[Acute stress disorder]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Almokalant]]
*[[Almokalant]]
*[[Aminophylline]]
*[[Aminophylline]]
Line 181: Line 183:
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Bulimia nervosa]]
*[[Bulimia nervosa]]
*[[Caffeine]]
*[[Cardiac stress test]]
*[[Cardiac stress test]]
*[[Cardiac transplantation]]
*[[Cardiac transplantation]]
Line 310: Line 313:
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
*[[Timothy syndrome]]
*[[Timothy syndrome]]
*[[Tobacco]]
*[[Torsade de pointes]]
*[[Torsade de pointes]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
Line 323: Line 327:
*[[Ziprasidone]]
*[[Ziprasidone]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
==Overview==
Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
OR
Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
OR
The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].
OR
The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click [[Pericarditis causes#Overview|here]].
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
===Common Causes===
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
OR
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
</div>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:12, 15 July 2020

Premature ventricular contraction Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2] Radwa AbdElHaras Mohamed AbouZaied, M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Premature ventricular contractions can occur in a healthy person of any age, however, they are more common in patients with underlying heart disease such as ischemic heart disease and structural heart disease. Patients on tricyclic antidepressant are at risk of having PVCs.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Acute coronary syndrome, Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, aortic stenosis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, AV block, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, cor pulmonale, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, long QT syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial contusion, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, NSTEMI, pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, Romano-Ward syndrome, short QT syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome type 2, short QT syndrome type 3, short QT syndrome type 4, short QT syndrome type 5, STEMI, Timothy syndrome, torsade de pointes, unstable angina, valvular heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Chemical / poisoning Arsenic trioxide, monosodium glutamate
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Almokalant, aminophylline, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amphetamines, antiarrhythmics, asenapine, astemizole, azimilide, azithromycin, bepridil, chloroquine, cisapride, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, cromolyn,cocaine, desipramine, digitalis, digoxin, diphenhydramine, disopyramide, dofetilide, dolasetron, doxepin, dronedarone, droperidol, eribulin mesylate, fluconazole, halofantrine, haloperidol, Hydroxocobalamin, ibutilide, imipramine, inotropes, ketanserin, ketoconazole, lidoflazine, lubeluzole, methadone, methadyl acetate, methamphetamine, midodrine, mizolastine, moxifloxacin, naratriptan, nicardipine, nilotinib, ondansetron, Oxytocin, pazopanib, pentamidine, Pergolide, phenothiazines, phenylephrine, pimozide, piperaquine, prenylamine, probucol, procainamide, propoxyphene, pseudoephedrine, quinidine, quinine, ranolazine, retigabine, ritodrine, ritonavir, saquinavir, sertindole, sotalol, sparfloxacin, sympathomimetics, tedisamil, telithromycin, terfenadine, terodiline, tetrabenazine, theobromine, thioridazine, tricyclic antidepressants, vandetanib, vemurafenib, vernakalant, voriconazole, vorinostat, ziprasidone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Cushing's syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis, metabolic syndrome, thyrotoxicosis
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, channelopathies, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Romano-Ward syndrome, short QT syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome type 2, short QT syndrome type 3, short QT syndrome type 4, short QT syndrome type 5, Timothy syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Acute cardiac allograft rejection, cardiac stress test, cardiac transplantation, cardioversion, defibrillation, heart surgery, pulmonary artery catheter, right heart catheterisation
Infectious Disease Myocarditis, rheumatic fever
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Myotonic dystrophy, Timothy syndrome
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Acid-base disturbances, acidosis, acute starvation, hypercalcemia, hypoglycaemia, hypomagnesemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Pheochromocytoma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Amiodarone, amphetamines, chloroquine, clozapine, cocaine, digitalis, halofantrine, haloperidol, methadone, methadyl acetate, methamphetamine, quinine
Psychiatric Acute stress disorder, anxiety disorders, bulimia nervosa, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary Chronic lung disease, COPD, cor pulmonale, hypercapnia, hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary embolism, respiratory acidosis
Renal / Electrolyte Chronic renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypokalemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Acute cardiac allograft rejection
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Electrocution, myocardial contusion
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcohol, caffeine, Idiopathic, tobacco, zero gravity

Causes in Alphabetical Order


Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
  • Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
  • [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

Common causes of [disease name] may include:

  • [Cause1]
  • [Cause2]
  • [Cause3]


OR


  • [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
  • [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of [disease name] include:

  • [Cause1]
  • [Cause2]
  • [Cause3]

Genetic Causes

  • [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes


Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

  • Cause 1
  • Cause 2
  • Cause 3
  • Cause 4
  • Cause 5
  • Cause 6
  • Cause 7
  • Cause 8
  • Cause 9
  • Cause 10


References

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