Respiratory failure causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}
{{Respiratory failure}}
{{Respiratory failure}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}
==Overview==
Common causes of respiratory failure include [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]], [[atelectasis]], [[asthma]], [[COPD]], [[neuromuscular]] and [[chest wall]] disorders, inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]], [[smoking]], [[obesity]] and [[shock]]. Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], acute on chronic respiratory failure, [[pulmonary]] infection, [[pulmonary embolism]], [[heart failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]] and [[lung cancer]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Life-threatening causes===
*Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], acute on chronic respiratory failure, [[pulmonary]] infection, [[pulmonary embolism]], [[heart failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]] and [[lung cancer]].<ref name="pmid9151520">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, Ambrosino N, Braghiroli A, Dolensky J, Howard P, Gorzelak K, Lahdensuo A, Strom K, Tobiasz M, Weitzenblum E |title=Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure |journal=Monaldi Arch Chest Dis |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=43–7 |date=February 1997 |pmid=9151520 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
===Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease===
Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease include:<ref name="Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.urlRespiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-failure |title=Respiratory Failure &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
*'''Type I respiratory failure:'''
**[[Pneumonia]]
**[[Cardiogenic pulmonary edema]]
***Caused by increased [[hydrostatic pressure]] in the [[pulmonary]] [[capillaries]]
**Non-cardiogenic [[pulmonary edema]]
***Caused by increased [[permeability]] in the [[pulmonary]] [[capillaries]]
***[[Acute lung injury]]
***[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]]
**[[Pulmonary embolism]]
**[[Atelectasis]]
**[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]


*'''Type II respiratory failure:'''
**Central [[hypoventilation]]
**[[Asthma]]
**[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]]
***[[Hypoxemia]] and [[hypercapnia]] often coexist
**[[Neuromuscular]] and [[chest wall]] disorders
***[[Myopathies]]
***[[Neuropathies]]
***[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
***[[Myasthenia gravis]] <ref name="pmid2040830">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR |title=Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis |journal=J Ky Med Assoc |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=169–73 |date=April 1991 |pmid=2040830 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
*'''Type III respiratory failure:'''
**Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
***Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]
**[[Obesity]]
**[[Ascites]]
**Pre-operative [[tobacco smoking]]
**Excessive airway secretions
*'''Type IV respiratory failure:'''
**[[Cardiogenic shock]]
**[[Septic shock]]
**[[Hypovolemic shock]]
===Drugs that can cause respiratory failure===
Common drugs that can cause respiratory failure include:<ref name="pmid18002943">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caruso AL, Bouillon TW, Schumacher PM, Luginbuhl M, Morari M |title=Drug-induced respiratory depression: an integrated model of drug effects on the hypercapnic and hypoxic drive |journal=Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc |volume=2007 |issue= |pages=4259–63 |date=2007 |pmid=18002943 |doi=10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353277 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15296619">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson KC, Saukkonen JJ |title=Acute respiratory failure from abused substances |journal=J Intensive Care Med |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=183–93 |date=2004 |pmid=15296619 |doi=10.1177/0885066604263918 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Azacitidine]]
*[[Azacitidine]]
*[[Codeine]]
*[[Codeine]]
Line 26: Line 72:


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |  
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
Line 36: Line 82:
[[Transposition of great arteries]],
[[Transposition of great arteries]],
[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]],
[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]],
[[Ventricular septal defect]]
[[Ventricular septal defect]],
-
[[Heart failure]], [[Cardiac arrhythmia]], [[Shock]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]],
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]],
[[Abrin]],
[[Abrin]],
[[Aldicarb]],
[[Aldicarb]],
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[[Snakebites (Patient information)]]
[[Snakebites (Patient information)]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Congenital'''
| '''Congenital'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]],
[[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]],
[[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]],
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[[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]]
[[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect '''
| '''Drug Side Effect '''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Codeine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Dornase Alfa]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]], [[Heroin]], [[Ketamine]], [[Lidocaine]], [[Labetalol]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Morphine]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Opiate]], [[Oxymorphone]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Procainamide (patient information)]], [[Rasburicase]], [[Sodium thiopental]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Triazolam]], [[Zopiclone]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Codeine]], [[Clozapine]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Dornase Alfa]], [[Fentanyl]], [[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]], [[galsulfase]], [[Heroin]], [[Idursulfase]], [[interferon alfacon-1]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[Ketamine]], [[Lidocaine]], [[Labetalol]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Morphine]], [[Nitrazepam]], [[Opiate]], [[Oxymorphone]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Procainamide (patient information)]], [[Rasburicase]], [[Sodium thiopental]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Triazolam]], [[Vincristine sulfate liposome]],  [[Zopiclone]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Asbestosis]],
[[Asbestosis]],
Coal worker pneumoconiosis,
Coal worker pneumoconiosis,
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Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Hepatic failure]],
[[Hepatic failure]],
[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]
[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Achondrogenesis]],
[[Achondrogenesis]],
[[Acute Porphyria]],
[[Acute Porphyria]],
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[[Thanatophoric dysplasia]]
[[Thanatophoric dysplasia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Acute Porphyria]],
[[Acute Porphyria]],
[[Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome]],
[[Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome]],
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[[Sepsis]]
[[Sepsis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Blood transfusion]],
[[Blood transfusion]],
[[EVAR]]
[[EVAR]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Babesiosis]],
[[Babesiosis]],
[[Botulism]],
[[Botulism]],
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[[Tetanus]]
[[Tetanus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]],
[[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]],
[[Meningitis]],
[[Meningitis]],
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[[Zellweger syndrome]]
[[Zellweger syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Metabolic Acidosis]]
[[Metabolic Acidosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Malignant Mesothelioma]]
[[Malignant Mesothelioma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Acetylsalicylic acid]],
[[Acetylsalicylic acid]],
[[Alcohol]],
[[Alcohol]],
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[[Vinyl chloride]]
[[Vinyl chloride]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
Acute lung syndrome,
Acute lung syndrome,
[[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome]],
[[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome]],
Line 218: Line 264:
[[Pulmonary oedema]],
[[Pulmonary oedema]],
[[Restrictive Lung Disease]],
[[Restrictive Lung Disease]],
[[Status asthmaticus]]
[[Status asthmaticus]], [[Lung cancer]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
Electrolyte abnormalities
Electrolyte abnormalities
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Acute motor axonal neuropathy]],
[[Acute motor axonal neuropathy]],
[[Anaphylaxis]],
[[Anaphylaxis]],
Line 238: Line 284:
[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
[[Ebstein anomaly]],
[[Flail chest]]
[[Flail chest]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Aspiration]],
[[Aspiration]],
[[Foreign body]],
[[Foreign body]],
Line 260: Line 306:
|}
|}


===Causes by Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]]
*Acute lung syndrome
*Acute on chronic respiratory failure
*[[Abrin]]
*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]]
*[[Achondrogenesis]]
*[[Acute lung injury]]
*[[Acute motor axonal neuropathy]]
*[[Acute Porphyria]]
*[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]]
*[[Alcohol]]
*[[Aldicarb]]
*[[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
*[[Alpha-amanitin]]
*[[Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]]
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
*[[Ascites]]
*[[Aspiration]]
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Atelectasis]]
*[[Atelosteogenesis, type II]]
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]]
*[[Azacitidine]]
*[[Babesiosis]]
*[[Barium nitrate]]
*[[Becker's muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]]
*[[Blood transfusion]]
*[[Botulism]]
*[[Bronchial asthma]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans]]
*[[Bronchiolitis]]
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]
*[[Bufotenin]]
*[[Bungarotoxin]]
*Central [[hypoventilation]]
*Coal worker pneumoconiosis
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Cardiac arrhythmia]]
*[[Cardiogenic pulmonary edema]]
*[[Cardiogenic shock]]
*[[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency]]
*[[Ceritinib]]
*[[Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Clitocybe dealbata]]
*[[Clozapine]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Codeine]]
*[[Colchicine]]
*[[Cone snail]]
*[[Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome]]
*[[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia]]
*[[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
*[[Crizotinib]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Cytisine]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*[[Devic's disease]]
*[[Dicofol]]
*[[Dornase Alfa]]
*[[Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy]]
*Excessive airway secretions
*[[Ebstein anomaly]]
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
*[[Emphysema]]
*[[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]
*[[EVAR]]
*[[Fallot tetralogy]]
*[[Familial dysautonomia]]
*[[Fat embolism]]
*[[Fentanyl]]
*[[Fetal circulation, persistent]]
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]]
*[[Flail chest]]
*[[Foreign body]]
*[[Furfural]]
*[[galsulfase]]
*[[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]]
*[[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome]]
*[[Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome]]
*[[Heart failure]]
*[[Heartworm]]
*[[Hepatic failure]]
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]
*[[Heroin]]
*[[Hypovolemic shock]]
*Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
*[[Idursulfase]]
*[[interferon alfacon-1]]
*[[Interstitial fibrosis]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[Ketamine]]
*[[Kyphoscoliosis]]
*[[Labetalol]]
*[[Laryngo-/Bronchospasm]]
*[[Legionella pneumophila]]
*[[Lidocaine]]
*[[Lorazepam]]
*[[Lung cancer]]
*[[Malignant hyperpyrexia]]
*[[Malignant Mesothelioma]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Metabolic Acidosis]]
*[[Morphine]]
*[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]]
*[[Myasthenia Gravis]]
*[[Myopathies]]
*Near-drowning
*Non-cardiogenic [[pulmonary edema]]
*[[Neuropathies]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Opiate]]
*[[Osteogenesis imperfecta]]
*[[Oxymorphone]]
*[[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Polyrediculitis]]
*[[Post-polio syndrome]]
*[[Pramipexole]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]
*[[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]]
*[[Pulmonary edema]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[Pulmonary edema]]
*[[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonary]] infection
*Pre-operative [[tobacco smoking]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Rasburicase]]
*[[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]]
*[[Restrictive Lung Disease]]
*[[Reye's syndrome]]
*Sulfur dioxide
*[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
*[[Saxitoxin]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Septic shock]]
*[[Shock]]
*[[Smoke inhalation]]
*[[Snakebites]]
*[[Sodium thiopental]]
*[[Status asthmaticus]]
*[[Tetanus]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[Thanatophoric dysplasia]]
*[[Tick paralysis]]
*[[Transposition of great arteries]]
*[[Tretinoin]]
*[[Triazolam]]
*[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]]
*Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]
*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*[[Vincristine *sulfate liposome]]
*[[Vinyl chloride]]
*[[Zellweger syndrome]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Organ failure]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Causes of death]]
[[Category:Anesthesiology]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 23:57, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

Common causes of respiratory failure include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, asthma, COPD, neuromuscular and chest wall disorders, inadequate post-operative analgesia, smoking, obesity and shock. Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute on chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia and lung cancer.

Causes

Life-threatening causes

Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease

Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease include:[2]

Drugs that can cause respiratory failure

Common drugs that can cause respiratory failure include:[4][5]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Fallot tetralogy, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Transposition of great arteries, Tricuspid valve stenosis, Ventricular septal defect, Heart failure, Cardiac arrhythmia, Shock

Chemical / poisoning 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate,

Abrin, Aldicarb, Alpha-amanitin, Barium nitrate, Bungarotoxin, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Ceritinib Cocaine, Cone snail, Furfural, Snakebites (Patient information)

Congenital

Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Fallot tetralogy, Fetal circulation, persistent, Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)

Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Codeine, Clozapine, Crizotinib, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Dornase Alfa, Fentanyl, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, galsulfase, Heroin, Idursulfase, interferon alfacon-1, Ixabepilone, Ketamine, Lidocaine, Labetalol, Lorazepam, Morphine, Nitrazepam, Opiate, Oxymorphone, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pramipexole, Procainamide (patient information), Rasburicase, Sodium thiopental, Tretinoin, Triazolam, Vincristine sulfate liposome, Zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental

Asbestosis, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Smoke inhalation, Sulfur dioxide

Gastroenterologic

Hepatic failure, Hepatopulmonary syndrome

Genetic

Achondrogenesis, Acute Porphyria, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelosteogenesis, type II, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Familial dysautonomia, Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Thanatophoric dysplasia

Hematologic

Acute Porphyria, Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome, Fat embolism, Sepsis

Iatrogenic

Blood transfusion, EVAR

Infectious Disease

Babesiosis, Botulism, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Heartworm, Post-polio syndrome, Rabies, Tetanus

Musculoskeletal / Ortho

Kyphoscoliosis

Neurologic

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Meningitis, Polyrediculitis, Zellweger syndrome

Nutritional / Metabolic

Metabolic Acidosis

Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic

Malignant Mesothelioma

Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity

Acetylsalicylic acid, Alcohol, Bufotenin, Clitocybe dealbata, Colchicine, Cytisine, Dicofol, Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin, Tick paralysis, Vinyl chloride

Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary

Acute lung syndrome, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelectasis, Bronchial asthma, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, Emphysema, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Fibrosing alveolitis, Flail chest, Interstitial fibrosis, Laryngo-/Bronchospasm, Legionella pneumophila, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary oedema, Restrictive Lung Disease, Status asthmaticus, Lung cancer

Renal / Electrolyte

Electrolyte abnormalities

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Devic's disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hamman-Rich Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Satoyoshi syndrome

Trauma

Ebstein anomaly, Flail chest

Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous

Aspiration, Foreign body, Malignant hyperpyrexia, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Near-drowning, Reye's syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, Ambrosino N, Braghiroli A, Dolensky J, Howard P, Gorzelak K, Lahdensuo A, Strom K, Tobiasz M, Weitzenblum E (February 1997). "Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure". Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 52 (1): 43–7. PMID 9151520.
  2. ↑ "Respiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)".
  3. ↑ Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR (April 1991). "Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis". J Ky Med Assoc. 89 (4): 169–73. PMID 2040830.
  4. ↑ Caruso AL, Bouillon TW, Schumacher PM, Luginbuhl M, Morari M (2007). "Drug-induced respiratory depression: an integrated model of drug effects on the hypercapnic and hypoxic drive". Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007: 4259–63. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353277. PMID 18002943.
  5. ↑ Wilson KC, Saukkonen JJ (2004). "Acute respiratory failure from abused substances". J Intensive Care Med. 19 (4): 183–93. doi:10.1177/0885066604263918. PMID 15296619.

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