Levocabastine: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Rabin Bista (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
4,526 edits
No edit summary
Rabin Bista (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
4,526 edits
No edit summary
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
|genericName=Levocabastine
|genericName=Levocabastine
|aOrAn=a
|aOrAn=a
|drugClass=histamine H1-receptor antagonist
|drugClass=histamine [[H1-receptor antagonist]]
|indicationType=treatment
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
|indication=seasonal [[allergic conjunctivitis]].
|adverseReactions=stinging and burning sensation in the eye and headache
|adverseReactions=stinging and [[burning sensation in the eye]] and [[headache]]




Line 19: Line 19:


<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult=====Indications====
|fdaLIADAdult=====Indications=====
LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) is indicated for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
* LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) is indicated for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of [[seasonal allergic conjunctivitis]].


====Dosage===
====Dosage===
Line 43: Line 43:


<!--Contraindications-->
<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* This product is contraindicated in persons with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of its components. It should not be used while soft contact lenses are being worn.
|contraindications=* This product is contraindicated in persons with known or suspected [[hypersensitivity]] to any of its components. It should not be used while soft contact lenses are being worn.


<!--Warnings-->
<!--Warnings-->
Line 53: Line 53:


<!--Clinical Trials Experience-->
<!--Clinical Trials Experience-->
|clinicalTrials=The most frequent adverse experiences reported with the use of LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) were mild, transient stinging and burning (29%) and headache (5%).
|clinicalTrials=* The most frequent adverse experiences reported with the use of LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) were mild, transient [[stinging]] and [[burning]] (29%) and [[headache]] (5%).




Other adverse experiences reported in approximately 1-3% of patients treated with LIVOSTIN™ were visual disturbances, dry mouth, fatigue, pharyngitis, eye pain/dryness, somnolence, red eyes, lacrimation/discharge, cough, nausea, rash/erythema, eyelid edema, and dyspnea.
* Other adverse experiences reported in approximately 1-3% of patients treated with LIVOSTIN™ were [[visual disturbances]], [[dry mouth]], [[fatigue]], [[pharyngitis]], [[eye pain]]/[[dryness]], [[somnolence]], [[red eyes]], [[lacrimation]]/discharge, [[cough]], [[nausea]], [[rash]]/[[erythema]], [[eyelid edema]], and [[dyspnea]].
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
=====Body as a Whole=====
=====Cardiovascular=====
=====Digestive=====
=====Endocrine=====
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
=====Musculoskeletal=====
=====Neurologic=====
=====Respiratory=====
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
=====Special Senses=====
=====Urogenital=====
=====Miscellaneous=====




Line 206: Line 156:




The chemical name for levocabastine hydrochloride is (–)-trans-1-[cis-4-Cyano-4- (p-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylisonipecotic acid monohydrochloride, and is represented by the following chemical structure:
* The chemical name for levocabastine hydrochloride is (–)-trans-1-[cis-4-Cyano-4- (p-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylisonipecotic acid monohydrochloride, and is represented by the following chemical structure:


: [[File:LEVOCABASTINE Str.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
: [[File:LEVOCABASTINE Str.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
Line 214: Line 164:


<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=Antigen challenge studies performed two and four hours after initial drug instillation indicated activity was maintained for at least two hours.
|PK=* Antigen challenge studies performed two and four hours after initial drug instillation indicated activity was maintained for at least two hours.




In an environmental study, LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) instilled four times daily was shown to be significantly more effective than its vehicle in reducing ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.
* In an environmental study, LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) instilled four times daily was shown to be significantly more effective than its vehicle in reducing ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.




After instillation in the eye, levocabastine is systemically absorbed. However, the amount of systemically absorbed levocabastine after therapeutic ocular doses is low (mean plasma concentrations in the range of 1-2 ng/mL).
* After instillation in the eye, levocabastine is systemically absorbed. However, the amount of systemically absorbed levocabastine after therapeutic ocular doses is low (mean plasma concentrations in the range of 1-2 ng/mL).


<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=* Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
|nonClinToxic======Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility=====
Levocabastine was not carcinogenic in male or female rats or in male mice when administered in the diet for up to 24 months. In female mice, levocabastine doses of 5,000 and 21,500 times the maximum recommended ocular human use level resulted in an increased incidence of pituitary gland adenoma and mammary gland adenocarcinoma possibly produced by increased prolactin levels. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown with regard to the interspecies differences in prolactin physiology and the very low plasma concentrations of levocabastine following ocular administration.
* Levocabastine was not carcinogenic in male or female rats or in male mice when administered in the diet for up to 24 months. In female mice, levocabastine doses of 5,000 and 21,500 times the maximum recommended ocular human use level resulted in an increased incidence of [[pituitary gland adenoma]] and [[mammary gland]] [[adenocarcinoma]] possibly produced by increased [[prolactin]] levels. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown with regard to the interspecies differences in [[prolactin]] physiology and the very low plasma concentrations of levocabastine following ocular administration.




Mutagenic potential was not demonstrated for levocabastine when tested in Ames’ Salmonella reversion test or in Escherichia coli, Drosophila melanogaster, a mouse Dominant Lethal Assay or in rat Micronucleus test.
* Mutagenic potential was not demonstrated for levocabastine when tested in [[Ames’ Salmonella reversion test]] or in [[Escherichia coli]], [[Drosophila melanogaster]], a mouse Dominant Lethal Assay or in rat Micronucleus test.




In reproduction studies in rats, levocabastine showed no effects on fertility at oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day (8,300 times the maximum recommended human ocular dose).
* In reproduction studies in rats, levocabastine showed no effects on fertility at oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day (8,300 times the maximum recommended human ocular dose).


<!--Clinical Studies-->
<!--Clinical Studies-->
Line 239: Line 189:




Keep tightly closed when not in use.
* Keep tightly closed when not in use.




Do not use if the suspension has discolored.
* Do not use if the suspension has discolored.


NDC 58768-610-10 (10.0 mL)
: NDC 58768-610-10 (10.0 mL)


NDC 58768-610-05 (5.0 mL)
: NDC 58768-610-05 (5.0 mL)


NDC 58768-610-99 (2.5 mL)
: NDC 58768-610-99 (2.5 mL)




Rx Only
: Rx Only
|storage=Store at controlled room temperature 15°to 30°C (59° to 86°F).
|storage=* Store at controlled room temperature 15°to 30°C (59° to 86°F).


 
* Protect from freezing.
Protect from freezing.
|packLabel=====Ingredients and Appearance====
|packLabel=====Ingredients and Appearance====


Line 270: Line 219:
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
|drugShortage=
|drugShortage=
}}
{{PillImage
|fileName=No image.jpg
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
}}
}}
<!--Pill Image-->
<!--Pill Image-->

Latest revision as of 19:21, 5 March 2015

Levocabastine
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rabin Bista, M.B.B.S. [2]

Disclaimer

WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc drug pages is based upon the FDA package insert, National Library of Medicine content and practice guidelines / consensus statements. WikiDoc does not promote the administration of any medication or device that is not consistent with its labeling. Please read our full disclaimer here.

Overview

Levocabastine is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist that is FDA approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.. Common adverse reactions include stinging and burning sensation in the eye and headache.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Indications=

  • LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) is indicated for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

=Dosage

  • SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING. The usual dose is one drop instilled in affected eyes four times per day.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Levocabastine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Levocabastine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Levocabastine in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Levocabastine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Levocabastine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • This product is contraindicated in persons with known or suspected hypersensitivity to any of its components. It should not be used while soft contact lenses are being worn.

Warnings

  • For topical use only. Not for injection.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

  • The most frequent adverse experiences reported with the use of LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) were mild, transient stinging and burning (29%) and headache (5%).


Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Levocabastine in the drug label.

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Levocabastine Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): C

  • Levocabastine has been shown to be teratogenic (polydactyly) in rats when given in doses 16,500 times the maximum recommended human ocular dose. Teratogenicity (polydactyly, hydrocephaly, brachygnathia), embryotoxicity, and maternal toxicity were observed in rats at 66,000 times the maximum recommended ocular human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Levocabastine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Levocabastine in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Levocabastine during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

  • Based on determinations of levocabastine in breast milk after ophthalmic administration of the drug to one nursing woman, it was calculated that the daily dose of levocabastine in the infant was about 0.5 µg.

Pediatric Use

  • Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 12 have not been established.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Levocabastine with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Levocabastine with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Levocabastine with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Levocabastine in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Levocabastine in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Levocabastine in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Levocabastine in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Topical ophthalmic application

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Levocabastine in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Levocabastine in the drug label.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Overdose of Levocabastine in the drug label.

Pharmacology

Template:Px
Template:Px
Levocabastine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(3S,4R)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 79516-68-0
ATC code R01AC02 S01GX02 (WHO)
PubChem 54385
DrugBank DB01106
Chemical data
Formula Template:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox 
Mol. mass 420.519 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Metabolism ?
Half life 3
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

B3(AU) C(US)

Legal status

Template:Unicode Prescription only

Routes Ophthalmic, intranasal[1]

Mechanism of Action

  • Levocabastine is a potent, selective histamine H1-antagonist.

Structure

  • LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist for topical ophthalmic use. Each mL contains 0.54 mg levocabastine hydrochloride equivalent to 0.5 mg levocabastine; 0.15 mg benzalkonium chloride; propylene glycol; polysorbate 80; dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous; monobasic sodium phosphate, monohydrate; disodium edetate; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; and purified water. It has a pH of 6.0 to 8.0.


  • The chemical name for levocabastine hydrochloride is (–)-trans-1-[cis-4-Cyano-4- (p-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylisonipecotic acid monohydrochloride, and is represented by the following chemical structure:
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Levocabastine in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

  • Antigen challenge studies performed two and four hours after initial drug instillation indicated activity was maintained for at least two hours.


  • In an environmental study, LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) instilled four times daily was shown to be significantly more effective than its vehicle in reducing ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.


  • After instillation in the eye, levocabastine is systemically absorbed. However, the amount of systemically absorbed levocabastine after therapeutic ocular doses is low (mean plasma concentrations in the range of 1-2 ng/mL).

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
  • Levocabastine was not carcinogenic in male or female rats or in male mice when administered in the diet for up to 24 months. In female mice, levocabastine doses of 5,000 and 21,500 times the maximum recommended ocular human use level resulted in an increased incidence of pituitary gland adenoma and mammary gland adenocarcinoma possibly produced by increased prolactin levels. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown with regard to the interspecies differences in prolactin physiology and the very low plasma concentrations of levocabastine following ocular administration.



  • In reproduction studies in rats, levocabastine showed no effects on fertility at oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day (8,300 times the maximum recommended human ocular dose).

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Levocabastine in the drug label.

How Supplied

  • LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension), 2.5 mL, 5 mL, and 10 mL is provided in white, polyethylene dropper tip squeeze bottles.


  • Keep tightly closed when not in use.


  • Do not use if the suspension has discolored.
NDC 58768-610-10 (10.0 mL)
NDC 58768-610-05 (5.0 mL)
NDC 58768-610-99 (2.5 mL)


Rx Only

Storage

  • Store at controlled room temperature 15°to 30°C (59° to 86°F).
  • Protect from freezing.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Levocabastine |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

Ingredients and Appearance

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

{{#ask: Label Page::Levocabastine |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

  • SHAKE WELL BEFORE USING. To prevent contaminating the dropper tip and suspension, care should be taken not to touch the eyelids or surrounding areas with the dropper tip of the bottle. Keep bottle tightly closed when not in use. Do not use if the suspension has discolored. Store at controlled room temperature. Protect from freezing.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Levocabastine interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Levocabastine Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ "RxMed: Pharmaceutical Information - LIVOSTIN NASAL SPRAY". Retrieved 13 November 2005.
  2. ↑ "LEVOCABASTINE".
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Levocabastine&oldid=1075408"