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{{WBRQuestion | {{WBRQuestion | ||
|QuestionAuthor={{YD}} (Reviewed by {{YD}} and {{AJL}}) | |QuestionAuthor= {{YD}} (Reviewed by {{YD}} and {{AJL}}) | ||
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1 | |ExamType=USMLE Step 1 | ||
|MainCategory=Pharmacology | |MainCategory=Pharmacology | ||
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
|SubCategory=Reproductive | |SubCategory=Reproductive | ||
|Prompt=A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office because his mother thinks that “he does not look like other children”. The mother explains that she did not follow up with her obstetrician and continued all her prescribed drugs during pregnancy. Physical examination is remarkable for fingernail hypoplasia. Upon further evaluation, the physician informs the mother that her child’s abnormal appearance is most likely a result of the teratogenic effect of a drug she received during pregnancy. Which of the following diseases has this patient's mother suffered from before or during pregnancy? | |Prompt=A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office because his mother thinks that “he does not look like other children”. The mother explains that she did not follow up with her obstetrician and continued all her prescribed drugs during pregnancy. Physical examination is remarkable for fingernail hypoplasia. Upon further evaluation, the physician informs the mother that her child’s abnormal appearance is most likely a result of the teratogenic effect of a drug she received during pregnancy. Which of the following diseases has this patient's mother suffered from before or during pregnancy? | ||
|Explanation=[[Carbamazepine]] is the first line therapy for [[trigeminal neuralgia]]. It is also used to treat [[bipolar disorder]] and numerous [[types of seizures]]. Carbamazepine has [[teratogenic]] effects and administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of [[craniofacial]] [[defects]], [[fingernail hypoplasia]], and [[developmental delay]]. | |Explanation=[[Carbamazepine]] is the first line therapy for [[trigeminal neuralgia]]. It is also used to treat [[bipolar disorder]] and numerous [[types of seizures]]. Carbamazepine has [[teratogenic]] effects and administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of [[craniofacial]] [[defects]], [[fingernail hypoplasia]], and [[developmental delay]]. | ||
|AnswerA=Trigeminal neuralgia | |AnswerA=Trigeminal neuralgia | ||
|AnswerAExp=The first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is [[carbamazepine]], which is a [[teratogen]] associated with the development of finger hypoplasia. | |AnswerAExp=The first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is [[carbamazepine]], which is a [[teratogen]] associated with the development of finger hypoplasia. | ||
|AnswerB=Hypertension | |AnswerB=Hypertension | ||
|AnswerBExp=[[Angiotensin II converting enzyme]] (ACE) inhibitors are | |AnswerBExp=[[Angiotensin II converting enzyme]] (ACE) inhibitors are among the first line therapeutic options for the management of [[hypertension]]. ACE inhibitors are teratogens that is associated with renal injury among newborns. | ||
|AnswerC=Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | |AnswerC=Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | ||
|AnswerCExp=Patients who | |AnswerCExp=Patients who experience a venous thromboembolism (VTE) event, namely DVT and PE, are administered [[warfarin]] for anticoagulation. [[Warfarin]] is a teratogenic anticoagulant that is associated with bone deformities, ophthalmological abnormalities, and fetal hemorrhage. | ||
|AnswerD=Acne vulgaris | |AnswerD=Acne vulgaris | ||
|AnswerDExp=Isotretinoin is a vitamin A derivative that is | |AnswerDExp=Isotretinoin is a vitamin A derivative that is indicated for the treatment of [[acne vulgaris]]. It is a teratogen that is associated with ear malformations, [[cleft palate]], limb reduction defects, cardiac abnormalities, and craniofacial bone anomalies. | ||
|AnswerE=Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) | |AnswerE=Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) | ||
|AnswerEExp=[[Doxycycline]] is a tetracycline that is | |AnswerEExp=[[Doxycycline]] is a tetracycline that is indicated for the management of [[rickettsial infections]], including [[RMSF]]. [[Doxycycline]] is a teratogenic antibiotic agent that is associated with teeth discoloration among children when administered to pregnant women or children < 8 years of age. | ||
|EducationalObjectives=Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay. | |EducationalObjectives=Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay. | ||
|References=Lyons K, Lacro RV, Johnson KA, et al. Pattern of malformations in the children of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Eng J Med. 1989;320:1661-6.<br> | |References=Lyons K, Lacro RV, Johnson KA, et al. Pattern of malformations in the children of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Eng J Med. 1989;320:1661-6.<br> | ||
Latest revision as of 00:31, 28 October 2020
| Author | [[PageAuthor::Yazan Daaboul, M.D. (Reviewed by Yazan Daaboul, M.D. and Alison Leibowitz [1])]] |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Pharmacology |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::Reproductive |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office because his mother thinks that “he does not look like other children”. The mother explains that she did not follow up with her obstetrician and continued all her prescribed drugs during pregnancy. Physical examination is remarkable for fingernail hypoplasia. Upon further evaluation, the physician informs the mother that her child’s abnormal appearance is most likely a result of the teratogenic effect of a drug she received during pregnancy. Which of the following diseases has this patient's mother suffered from before or during pregnancy?]] |
| Answer A | AnswerA::Trigeminal neuralgia |
| Answer A Explanation | [[AnswerAExp::The first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) is carbamazepine, which is a teratogen associated with the development of finger hypoplasia.]] |
| Answer B | AnswerB::Hypertension |
| Answer B Explanation | [[AnswerBExp::Angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are among the first line therapeutic options for the management of hypertension. ACE inhibitors are teratogens that is associated with renal injury among newborns.]] |
| Answer C | AnswerC::Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| Answer C Explanation | [[AnswerCExp::Patients who experience a venous thromboembolism (VTE) event, namely DVT and PE, are administered warfarin for anticoagulation. Warfarin is a teratogenic anticoagulant that is associated with bone deformities, ophthalmological abnormalities, and fetal hemorrhage.]] |
| Answer D | AnswerD::Acne vulgaris |
| Answer D Explanation | [[AnswerDExp::Isotretinoin is a vitamin A derivative that is indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris. It is a teratogen that is associated with ear malformations, cleft palate, limb reduction defects, cardiac abnormalities, and craniofacial bone anomalies.]] |
| Answer E | AnswerE::Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) |
| Answer E Explanation | [[AnswerEExp::Doxycycline is a tetracycline that is indicated for the management of rickettsial infections, including RMSF. Doxycycline is a teratogenic antibiotic agent that is associated with teeth discoloration among children when administered to pregnant women or children < 8 years of age.]] |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::A |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder and numerous types of seizures. Carbamazepine has teratogenic effects and administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay. Educational Objective: Carbamazepine is the first line therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine administration during pregnancy is associated with the development of craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, and developmental delay. |
| Approved | Approved::Yes |
| Keyword | WBRKeyword::Fingernail hypoplasia, WBRKeyword::Carbamazepine, WBRKeyword::Trigeminal neuralgia, WBRKeyword::Teratogen, WBRKeyword::Pregnancy, WBRKeyword::Medication, WBRKeyword::Side effect, WBRKeyword::Drug, WBRKeyword::Adverse event, WBRKeyword::Adverse effect |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |