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{| class="prettytable" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial;"
{| class="prettytable" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial;"
|-
|-
! Antibiotic
! Antibiotic Agent
! Antimicrobial Spectrum
! Antimicrobial Spectrum
! Dosing Information
! Dosing Information
! Adverse Reaction
! Notable Adverse Reaction
|-
|-
| '''Amikacin'''
| '''Amikacin'''
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* Rash
* Rash
* Diarrhea
* Diarrhea
* Abdominal cramping
* Cramping
|-
|-
| '''Amoxicillin-Clavulanate'''
| '''Amoxicillin-Clavulanate'''
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|
|
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200 - 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
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* Diarrhea
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Ampicillin-sulbactam'''
| '''Ampicillin-Sulbactam'''
|  
|  
* S. aureus
* S. aureus
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|
|
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200 - 2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
* Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
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* Rash
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness
* Serum sickness-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefadroxil'''
| '''Cefadroxil'''
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* Eosinophilia
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefdinir'''
|
|
'''Cefdinir  '''Omnicef. Capsule: 300 mg.
* Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
 
Oral suspension: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum,  semi-synthetic  cephalosporin.'''
* Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO
Children 6 mo-12 yr: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Reduce dosage in renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 60 mL/min). Avoid taking concurrently with iron-containing products and antacids because absorption is markedly decreased; take at least 2 hr apart.
* Diarrhea
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefepime'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive bacteria
 
* Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa
|
|
 
* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM
|
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Diarrhea
 
* Nausea
* Vaginal candidiasis
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefixime'''
|
|
'''Cefepime '''Maxipime. Injection.
* Streptococci
 
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Serratia marcescens
* P. vulgaris
|
|
'''Expanded-spectrum, 4th generation cephalosporin active against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa ''many multidrug-resistant pathogens.'''
* Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
 
* Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Diarrhea, nausea, vaginal candidiasis
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefoperazone'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Hypoprothrombinemia
 
* Disulfiram-life reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefotaxime'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefotetan'''
|
|
'''Cefixime'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Suprax.
* H. influenzae
 
* E. coli
Tablet: 200, 400 mg.
* Klebsiella
 
* Proteus
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against ''Streptococci, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Serratia marcescens, ''and ''P. vulgaris. ''No antistaphylococcal or antipseudomonal  activity.'''
* Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Does not adequately penetrate CNS.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Hypoprothrombinemia
 
* Disulfiram-life reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefoxitin'''
|
|
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides
|
|
Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO.
* Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefpodoxime'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* N. gonorrhoeae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO.
* Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefprozil'''
|
|
'''Cefoperazone  sodium'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Cefobid. Injection.
* H. influenzae
 
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM. Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Highly protein bound cephalosporin with limited potency reflected by weak antipseudomonal activity. Variable gram- positive activity. Primarily hepatically eliminated in bile.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol.
 
|-
|-
| '''Ceftazidime'''
|
|
'''Cefotaxime  sodium'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
Claforan. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
Neonates: ≤7 days: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days: 1,200 g 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM;
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
12,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Each gram of drug contains 2.2 mEq sodium. Active metabolite.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Ceftiaoxime'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV).
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftriaxone'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefuroxime'''
|
|
'''Cefotetan  disodium'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Cefotan. Injection.
* H. influenzae
 
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
* Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
* Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, ''and ''Bacteroides.  ''Inactive  against  ''Enterobacter.'''''
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Highly protein-bound cephalosporin, poor CNS penetration; -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Renally eliminated (∼20% in bile).
 
|-
|-
| '''Cephalexin'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
* Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|
 
|-
|-
| '''Cephradine'''
|
|
'''Cefoxitin sodium '''Mefoxin. Injection.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, ''and ''Bacteroides.  ''Inactive  against  ''Enterobacter.'''''
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Cautions: ''Poor CNS penetration; -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Painful given intramuscularly.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Chloramphenicol'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Salmonella
* Enterococcus faecium
* Bacteroides
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
* Rickettsia
|
|
Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
 
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
* Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Gray-baby syndrome
 
* Bone marrow suppression
* Aplastic anemia
|-
|-
| '''Ciprofloxacin'''
|
|
 
* P. aeruginosa
 
* Serratia
* Enterobacter
* Shigella
* Salmonella
* Campylobacter
* N. gonorrhoeae
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
|
|
Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
 
* Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
* Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Tendonitis
 
* Dizziness
* Confusion
* Crystalluria
* Photosensitivity
|-
|-
| '''Clarithromycin'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* Legionella
* Mycoplasma
* C. trachomatis
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Gastrointestinal distress
 
* Dyspepsia
* Nausea
* Cramping
|-
|-
| '''Clindamycin'''
|
|
'''Cefpodoxime  proxetil'''
* Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
 
* Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
Vantin.
 
Tablet: 100 mg, 200 mg.
 
Suspension: 50 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeae,'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
'''''E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus. ''No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
 
* Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 
Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 200 mg PO as single-dose therapy.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Does not adequately penetrate CNS. Increased bioavailability when taken with food.
* Diarrhea
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid; antacids and H-2 receptor antagonists may decrease absorption.
* Pseudomembranous colitis
 
* Rash
|-
|-
| '''Cloxacillin'''
|
|
'''Cefprozil'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Cefzil.
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Good bioavailability; food does not affect bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Ceftazidime'''
* Shigella
 
* Legionella
Fortaz, Ceptaz, Tazicer, Tazidime. Injection.
* Nocardia
 
* Chlamydia
* Pneumocystis jirovecii
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa.'''''
* Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days ≤1,200 g: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr).
 
Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Increasing pathogen resistance developing with
* Rash
 
* Erythema multiforme
long-term, widespread use.
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Leukopenia
 
|-
|-
| '''Demeclocycline'''
|
|
'''Ceftiaoxime '''Cefizox. Injection.
* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
 
* Gram-negative bacilli
* Anaerobes
* Borrelia burgdorferi
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Teeth staining
 
* Photosensitivity
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Diabetes insipidus
 
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Dicloxacillin'''
|
|
'''Ceftriaxone  sodium'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Rocephin. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 75 mg/kg dose 1 then 80-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr IV or IM).
 
Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Eliminated via kidney (33-65%) and bile; can cause sludging. Long half-life and dose-dependent protein binding favors q 24 hr rather than q 12 hr dosing. Can add 1% lidocaine for IM injection.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Doripenem'''
|
|
'''Cefuroxime (cefuroxime axetil for oral administration)'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef. Injection.
* Anaerobes
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against S. aureus, ''Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
 
Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM. Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; PO
 
administration: 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO. Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Food increases PO bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Doxycycline'''
|
|
'''Cephalexin'''
* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
 
* Gram-negative bacilli
Keflex, Keftab. Capsule: 250, 500 mg
* Anaerobes
 
* B. burgdorferi
Tablet: 500 mg, 1 g.
* Mycoplasma
 
* Chlamydia
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/mL drops.
 
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Teeth staining
 
* Photosensitivity
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Nausea
 
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Erythromycin'''
|
|
'''Cephradine'''
* Gram-positive organisms
 
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Velosef
* Mycoplasma pneumoniae
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
* Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
 
* Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Cramping
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Vomiting
 
* Diarrhea
* Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
|-
|-
| '''Gentamicin'''
|
|
'''Chloramphenicol '''Chloromycetin. Injection.  Capsule: 250 mg.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Ophthalmic, otic solutions. Ointment.
* Proteus
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Pseudomonas
|
|
'''Broad-spectrum protein synthesis inhibitor active against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, ''Salmonella, ''vancomycin-resistant  ''Enterococcus  faecium,  Bacteroides, ''other anaerobes, ''Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, ''and ''Rickettsia''; usually inactive against ''Pseudomonas''.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: Initial loading dose 20 mg/kg followed 12 hr later by: postnatal age ≤7 days: 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV; 7 days:
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
 
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
≤2,000 g: 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV; 2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV.
 
Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO (meningitis: 75-100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr).
 
Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Gray-baby syndrome (from too-high dose in neonate), bone marrow suppression aplastic anemia (monitor hematocrit, free serum iron).
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interactions: ''Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin may decrease levels.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 20-30 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
 
 
|-
|-
| '''Imipenem-Cilastatin'''
|
|
'''Ciprofloxacin'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Cipro.
* Anaerobes
 
Tablet: 100, 250, 500, 750 mg.
 
Injection.
 
Ophthalmic solution and ointment. Otic suspension.
 
Oral suspension: 250 and 500 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Quinolone antibiotic active against ''P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Enterobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, ''some ''S. aureus, ''and some ''Streptococcus.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV.
* Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; cystic fibrosis: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Concerns of joint destruction in juvenile animals not seen in humans; tendonitis, superinfection, dizziness, confusion, crystalluria, some photosensitivity.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Theophylline; magnesium-, aluminum-, or calcium-containing antacids; sucralfate; probenecid; warfarin; cyclosporine.
* Nausea
 
* Seizures
|-
|-
| '''Linezolid'''
|
|
'''Clarithromycin'''
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
Biaxin.
* E. faecium
 
* Enterococcus faecalis
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Macrolide antibiotic with activity against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, Legionella, Mycoplasma, ''and'''
* Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
 
* Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
'''''C.  trachomatis.'''''
 
Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Adverse events less than erythromycin; gastrointestinal  upset,  dyspepsia,  nausea, cramping.
* Bone marrow suppression
 
* Pseudomembranous colitis
''Drug interactions: ''Same as erythromycin: astemizole  carbamazepine,  terfenadine cyclosporine, theophylline, digoxin, tacrolimus.
* Nausea
 
* Diarrhea
* Headache
|-
|-
| '''Loracarbef'''
|
|
'''Clindamycin'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Cleocin.
* H. influenzae
 
* M. catarrhalis
Capsule: 75, 150, 300 mg. Suspension: 75 mg/5 mL. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Topical solution, lotion, and gel. Vaginal cream.
* Proteus
 
|
|
'''Protein synthesis inhibitor active against most gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic cocci except ''Enterococcus.'''''
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
 
* Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 200 g; 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM;
 
7 days 1,200 g: 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO.
 
Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Diarrhea, nausea, ''Clostridium difficile''–associated colitis, rash. Administer slow IV over 30-60 min. Topically active as an acne treatment.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Meropenem'''
|
|
'''Cloxacillin  sodium'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Tegopen.
* Anaerobes
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
* Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
 
* Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily hepatically eliminated; requires dose reduction in renal disease. Food decreases  bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Metronidazole'''
|
|
'''Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole;  TMP-SMZ)'''
* Anaerobes
 
Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra, Sulfatrim. Tablet: SMZ 400 mg and TMP 80 mg.
 
Tablet DS: SMZ 800 mg and TMP 160 mg. Suspension: SMZ 200 mg and TMP
 
40 mg/5 mL. Injection.
 
|
|
'''Antibiotic combination with sequential antagonism of bacterial folate synthesis with broad antibacterial activity: ''Shigella, Legionella, Nocardia, Chlamydia, Pneumocystis jiroveci. ''Dosage based on TMP component.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO.
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
 
* Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
''Pneumocystis carinii ''pneumonia: 15-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
''P. carinii ''prophylaxis: 5 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or 3 times/wk PO. Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Drug dosed on TMP (trimethoprim) component. Sulfonamide skin reactions: rash, erythema multiforme,
* Dizziness
 
* Seizures
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia. Renal and hepatic elimination; reduce dose in renal failure.
* Metallic taste
 
* Nausea
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, possibly phenytoin, cyclosporine.
* Hypoprothrombinemia
 
* Disulfiram-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Mezlocillin'''
|
|
'''Demeclocycline'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Declomycin.
* Serratia
 
* Bacteroides
Tablet: 150, 300 mg.
 
Capsule: 150 mg.
 
|
|
'''Tetracycline active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus'', many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes, ''Borrelia burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr.
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: 900- 1,200 mg/24 hr or 13-15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO with dose reduction based on response to 600-900 mg/24 hr.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (if administered 8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, diabetes insipidus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc- and iron-containing food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Mupirocin'''
|
|
'''Dicloxacillin'''
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
Dynapen, Pathocil.
 
Capsule: 125, 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 62.5 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
* Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
 
Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily renally (65%) and bile (30%) elimination. Food may decrease bioavailability.
* Itching
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Nafcillin'''
|
|
'''Doripenem '''Doribax. Injection.
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes.'''
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
Children: dose unknown. Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; does not undergo hepatic metabolism. Renal elimination (70-75%); dose adjustment for renal failure.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Valproic acid, probenecid.
* Phlebitis
 
* Neutropenia
|-
|-
| '''Nalidixic acid'''
|
|
'''Doxycycline '''Vibramycin, Doxy. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
* Klebsiella
 
* Proteus
Tablet: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL. Syrup: 50 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Tetracycline antibiotic active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus, ''many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes,'''
* Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
'''''B. burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
 
Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200  mg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc-, iron-, kaolin-, and pectin-containing products, food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption. Carbamazepine, rifampin, barbiturates may decrease half-life.
* Rash
 
|-
|-
| '''Neomycin'''
|
|
'''Erythromycin'''
* Gastrointestinal flora
 
E-Mycin, Ery-Tab, Ery-C, Ilosone. Estolate 125, 500 mg.
 
Tablet EES: 200 mg.
 
Tablet base: 250, 333, 500 mg. Suspension: estolate 125 mg/5 mL,
 
250 mg/5 mL, EES 200 mg/5 mL, 400 mg/5 mL.
 
Estolate drops: 100 mg/mL. EES drops:
 
100 mg/2.5 mL. Available in combination with sulfisoxazole (Pediazole), dosed on erythromycin content.
 
|
|
'''Bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic most active against gram- positive organisms, ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ''and ''Mycoplasma  pneumoniae.'''''
* Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO;
* Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
 
7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO; 1,200 g:
 
30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (give as 5 mg/kg/dose q 6 hr to
 
improve feeding intolerance). Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr.
 
Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Motilin agonist leading to marked abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in young infants. Many different salts with questionable tempering of gastrointestinal adverse events. Rare cardiac toxicity with IV use. Dose of salts differ. Topical formulation for treatment of acne.
* Cramping
 
* Diarrhea
''Drug interactions: ''Antagonizes hepatic CYP 3A4 activity:  astemizole,  carbamazepine, terfenadine,  cyclosporine,  theophylline, digoxin,  tacrolimus,  carbamazepine.
* Rash
 
* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity
|-
|-
| '''Nitrofurantoin'''
|
|
'''Gentamicin '''Garamycin. Injection.
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Ophthalmic solution, ointment, topical cream.
 
|
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
* Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
 
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily. Intrathecal: Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or
 
intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr IT; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Anaerobes, ''S. pneumoniae, ''and other ''Streptococcus ''are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
* Rash
 
* Jaundice
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L with intermittent daily dose regimens only.
* Interstitial pneumonitis
 
|-
|-
| '''Ofloxacin'''
|
|
'''Imipenem-cilastatin'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Primaxin. Injection.
* Anaerobes
 
* Chlamydia trachomatis
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
* Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
 
* Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against'''
 
'''''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal age
 
7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), nausea, seizures. Cilastatin possesses no antibacterial activity; reduces renal imipenem metabolism. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Burning
 
* Stinging
''Drug interaction: ''Possibly ganciclovir.
* Eye redness
 
* Dizziness
|-
|-
| '''Oxacillin'''
|
|
'''Linezolid'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Zyvox.
 
Tablet: 400, 600 mg.
 
Oral suspension: 100 mg/5 mL. Injection: 100 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Oxazolidinone  antibiotic  active  against  gram-positive  cocci (especially  drug-resistant  organisms), including ''Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. faecium, ''and ''Enterococcus faecalis. ''Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome  subunit.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO.
* Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO; skin infections: 400 mg q 12 hr IV or PO.
* Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
 
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Myelosuppression, pseudomembranous  colitis,  nausea,  diarrhea, headache.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Neutropenia
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G'''
|
|
'''Loracarbef'''
* S. pneumoniae
 
* Group A Streptococcus
Lorabid.
* N. gonorrhoeae
 
* N. meningitidis
Capsule: 200 mg.
 
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Carbacephem very closely related to cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin) active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g). Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
* Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
* Seizures
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
|
|
'''Meropenem '''Merrem. Injection.
* Group A Streptococcus
 
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including ''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against ''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
 
* Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV meningitis: 120 mg/ kg/24 hr (max dose: 6 g/24 hr) q 8 hr IV.
* Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
 
Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; appears to possess less CNS excitation than imipenem. 80% renal elimination.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G, procaine'''
|
|
'''Metronidazole'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
Flagyl, Metro-IV, generic. Topical gel, vaginal gel. Injection.
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
|
|
'''Highly effective in the treatment of infections due to anaerobes.'''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
 
* Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
Neonates: 1,200 g: 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV; postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 15 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; postnatal age 7 days
* Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
 
1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Dizziness, seizures, metallic taste, nausea, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Administer IV slow over 30-60 min. Adjust dose with hepatic impairment.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Carbamazepine, rifampin, phenobarbital may enhance metabolism; may increase levels of warfarin, phenytoin, lithium.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin V'''
|
|
'''Mezlocillin sodium'''
* S. pneumoniae
 
* N. gonorrhoeae
Mezlin. Infection.
* N. meningitidis
 
|
|
<center>'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Bacteroides; ''limited antipseudomonal activity. '''Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV;</center>
* Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
7 days: 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis
 
300-450 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.8 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation with high doses; increases noted in liver function test results. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
<center>-lactamase enzyme.</center>
* Allergy
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Piperacillin'''
|
|
'''Mupirocin '''Bactroban. Ointment.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Topical antibiotic active against ''Staphylococcus ''and'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
'''''Streptococcus.'''''
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
Topical application: Nasal (eliminate nasal carriage) and to the skin 2-4 times per day.
 
|
|
''Caution: ''Minimal systemic absorption as drug metabolized within the skin.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Piperacillin-Tazobactam'''
|
|
'''Nafcillin sodium '''Nafcil, Unipen. Injection. Capsule: 250 mg.
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
Tablet: 500 mg.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Acinetobacter
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
* Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; postnatal age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr;
 
2,000 g: 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (meningitis: 200 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), phlebitis; painful given intramuscularly; oral absorption highly variable and erratic (not recommended).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 
|-
|-
| '''Quinupristin-Dalfopristin'''
|
|
'''Nalidixic acid'''
* E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
 
* S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
NegGram.
 
Tablet: 250, 500, 1,000 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''1st generation quinolone effective for short-term treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
 
Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash. Not for use in systemic infections.
* Pain
 
* Edema
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
* Phlebitis
 
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Sulfadiazine'''
|
|
'''Neomycin sulfate '''Mycifradin, generic. Tablet: 500 mg.
* E. coli
 
* P. mirabilis
Topical cream, ointment. Solution: 125 mg/5 mL.
* Klebsiella
 
|
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic used for topical application or orally before surgery to decrease gastrointestinal flora (nonabsorbable)  and  hyperammonemia.'''
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
 
* Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''In patients with renal dysfunction because small amount absorbed may accumulate.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Adverse events: ''Primarily related to topical application, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if absorbed.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Nitrofurantoin'''
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Furadantin, Furan, Macrodantin. Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
 
Extended-release capsule: 100 mg. Macrocrystal: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Effective in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
* Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose:
 
400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash, jaundice, interstitial pneumonitis. Do not use with moderate to severe renal dysfunction.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfisoxazole'''
|
|
'''Ofloxacin'''
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Ocuflox 0.3% ophthalmic solution: 1, 5,
 
<center>10 mL.</center>
 
Floxin 0.3% otic solution: 5, 10 mL.
 
|
|
'''Quinolone antibiotic for treatment of conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers (ophthalmic solution) and otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media (otic solution) caused by susceptible gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, or ''Chlamydia  trachomatis.'''''
* Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
''Child ''''1-12 yr:''
 
Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then
 
1-2 drops qid for 5 days.
 
Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days.
 
Otitis externa (otic solution): 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days.
 
Chronic suppurative otitis media: treat for 14 days.
 
''Child ''''12 yr and adults: ''Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa (otic solution): Use 10 drops bid for 10 or 14 days as for younger children.
 
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Burning, stinging, eye redness (ophthalmic solution), dizziness with otic solution if not warmed.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
* Nausea
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin'''
|
|
'''Oxacillin sodium '''Prostaphlin. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
* Serratia
 
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV; postnatal age 7 days 1,200 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g:
* Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV.
 
Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV. Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Moderate oral bioavailability (35-65%). Primarily renally eliminated.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin-Clavulanate'''
|
|
'''Penicillin G '''Injection. Tablets.
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
* Enterobacter
* E. coli
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Penicillin active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), group A streptococcus, and some gram-negative bacteria  (e.g.,  ''N. gonorrhoeae,  N.  meningitidis'').'''
* Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 100,000 units/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM); 2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150,000 units/kg/24 hr divided  q 8 hr IV or IM); postnatal age 7 days ≤1,200 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (meningitis: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV); 1,200-2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (meningitis: 225,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV); 2,000 g: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (meningitis: 200,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with marked renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Tigecycline'''
|
|
'''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
* Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
 
* Streptococcus
Bicillin. Injection.
* Staphylococcus
 
* Anaerobes
|
|
'''Long-acting repository form of penicillin effective in the treatment of infections responsive to persistent, low penicillin concentrations (1-4 wk), e.g., group A streptococcus pharyngitis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis.'''
* Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
 
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg IM once.
 
Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose:
 
1.2-2.4 million units/dose).
 
Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Photosensitivity
 
* Hypersensitivity
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Hepatic impairment
 
|-
|-
| '''Tobramycin'''
|
|
'''Penicillin G, procaine'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Crysticillin. Injection.
* Enterobacter
 
* Serratia
* Proteus
* Pseudomonas
|
|
'''Repository form of penicillin providing low penicillin concentrations for 12 hr.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM.
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
 
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose:
 
4.8 million units/dose).
 
Gonorrhea: 100,000 units/kg (max dose: 4.8 million units/24 hr) IM once with probenecid 25 mg/kg (max dose: 1 g)
 
Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia) allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim'''
|
|
'''Penicillin V'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Pen VK, V-Cillin K.
* P. mirabilis
 
* Enterobacter
Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
* P. jirovecii
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Preferred oral dosing form of penicillin, active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), other ''Streptococcus, ''and some gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,'''
* Children (&lt; 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Children (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
'''''N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis'').'''
 
Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Megaloblastic anemia
 
* Bone marrow suppression
''Drug interaction'': Probenecid.
* Nausea
 
* Epigastric distress
* Rash
|-
|-
| '''Vancomycin'''
|
|
'''Piperacillin '''Pipracil. Injection.
* Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
 
* C. difficile
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days; 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV.
* Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 350-500 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions'': -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation/serum sickness-like reaction with high doses; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Piperacillin-tazobactam'''
 
Zosyn. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin) combined with a'''
 
β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium.
 
Interferes with platelet aggregation, serum sickness–like reaction with high doses, increases in liver function test results. Renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Quinupristin/dalfopristin'''
 
Synercid.
 
IV injection: powder for reconstitution, 10 mL contains 150 mg quinupristin,
 
<center>350 mg dalfopristin.</center>
 
|
'''Streptogramin antibiotic (quinupristin) active against vancomycin-resistant ''E. faecium ''(VRE) and methicillin- resistant ''S. aureus ''(MRSA)''. ''Not active against ''E. faecalis.'''''
 
Children and adults: VRE: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV for VRE; skin infections:
 
7.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
''Adverse events: ''Pain, edema, or phlebitis at injection site, nausea, diarrhea.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Synercid is a potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4.
 
|-
|
'''Sulfadiazine'''
 
Tablet: 500 mg.
 
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic primarily indicated for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections due to ''E. coli, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Klebsiella.'''''
 
Toxoplasmosis:
 
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO (with folinic acid).
 
Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid.
 
Rheumatic fever prophylaxis: ≤30 kg: 500 mg/24 hr q 24 hr PO;
 
30 kg: 1 g/24 hr q 24 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life  ∼10  hr.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Sulfamethoxazole'''
 
Gantanol. Tablet: 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
 
Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO. Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life 12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Sulfisoxazole '''Gantrisin. Tablet: 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL. Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
 
Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
 
Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life ∼7-12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Ticarcillin '''Ticar. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 2,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided  q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days 2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV;
 
7 days 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-
 
2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g: 300 mg/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Ticarcillin-clavulanate'''
 
Timentin. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (ticarcillin) combined with a'''
 
β-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanate) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, Enterobacter, E. coli, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Tigecycline '''Tygacil. Injection.
 
|
'''Tetracycline-class antibiotic (glycylcycline) active against Enterobacteriaceae, including ESBL producers; streptococci (including VRE); staphylococci (including MRSA); and anaerobes.'''
 
Children: unknown.
 
Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Pregnancy; children under 8 yr of age; photosensitivity; hypersensitivity to tetracyclines; hepatic impairment (~60% hepatic  clearance).
 
''Drug interaction: ''Warfarin; mycophenolate mofetil.
 
|-
|
'''Tobramycin '''Nebcin, Tobrex. Injection.
 
Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
 
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV. Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
''Cautions: S. pneumoniae, ''other ''Streptococcus, ''and anaerobes are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
 
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L.
 
|-
|
'''Trimethoprim '''Proloprim, Trimpex. Tablet: 100, 200 mg
 
|
'''Folic acid antagonist effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of ''E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Enterobacter ''urinary tract infections; ''P. carinii ''pneumonia.'''
 
Children: For urinary tract infection: 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Children ''12 yr and adults: ''100-200 mg q 12 hr PO. ''P. carinii ''pneumonia (with dapsone): 15-20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr for 21 days PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Megaloblastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, nausea, epigastric distress, rash.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Possible interactions with phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, warfarin.
 
|-
|
'''Vancomycin '''Vancocin,  Luphocin. Injection.
 
Capsule: 125 mg, 250 mg. Suspension.
 
|
'''Glycopeptide antibiotic active against most gram-positive pathogens including ''Staphylococcus ''(including ''MRSA ''and coagulase-negative staphylococci), ''S. pneumoniae ''including penicillin-resistant strains, ''Enterococcus ''(resistance is increasing), and ''C. difficile–as''sociated colitis.'''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV;
 
2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; postnatal age 7
 
days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g:
 
15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 45 mg/kg/24 hr
 
divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; ''C. difficile''– associated colitis; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity particularly when co-administered with other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
Infuse IV over 45-60 min. Flushing (red man syndrome) associated with rapid IV infusions, fever, chills, phlebitis (central line is preferred). Renally eliminated.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak (1 hr after
 
1 hr infusion) 30-40 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
 
|}
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Latest revision as of 07:03, 3 June 2015

Antibiotic Agent Antimicrobial Spectrum Dosing Information Notable Adverse Reaction
Amikacin
  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 15-25 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 15 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Amoxicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Cramping
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
  • Streptococcus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • Neonates: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
  • Children: 20-45 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose 80-90 mg/kg/24 hr PO for otitis media.
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Ampicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
Ampicillin-Sulbactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • B. fragilis
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Azithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
  • Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.
  • Gastrointestinal distress
Aztreonam
  • Gram-negative aerobic bacteria
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Eosinophilia
Carbenicillin
  • Enterobacter
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Cefaclor
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Cefadroxil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefazolin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefdinir
  • Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
  • Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO
  • Diarrhea
Cefepime
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vaginal candidiasis
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefixime
  • Streptococci
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Serratia marcescens
  • P. vulgaris
  • Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefoperazone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefotaxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefotetan
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefoxitin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefpodoxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefprozil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftazidime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftiaoxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftriaxone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefuroxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
  • Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephalexin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephradine
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Chloramphenicol
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Salmonella
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Bacteroides
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Rickettsia
  • Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Gray-baby syndrome
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Aplastic anemia
Ciprofloxacin
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Serratia
  • Enterobacter
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Tendonitis
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Crystalluria
  • Photosensitivity
Clarithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Legionella
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. trachomatis
  • Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
  • Gastrointestinal distress
  • Dyspepsia
  • Nausea
  • Cramping
Clindamycin
  • Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
  • Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
  • Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Rash
Cloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
  • Shigella
  • Legionella
  • Nocardia
  • Chlamydia
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Erythema multiforme
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
Demeclocycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Dicloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doripenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doxycycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • B. burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Erythromycin
  • Gram-positive organisms
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
  • Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Gentamicin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Imipenem-Cilastatin
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Nausea
  • Seizures
Linezolid
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. faecium
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
Loracarbef
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Meropenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
  • Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Metronidazole
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Metallic taste
  • Nausea
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-like reaction
Mezlocillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Mupirocin
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
  • Itching
Nafcillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Phlebitis
  • Neutropenia
Nalidixic acid
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
Neomycin
  • Gastrointestinal flora
  • Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Nitrofurantoin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
  • Jaundice
  • Interstitial pneumonitis
Ofloxacin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Anaerobes
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
  • Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Eye redness
  • Dizziness
Oxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Neutropenia
Penicillin G
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
  • Seizures
Penicillin G, benzathine
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
  • Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin G, procaine
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
  • Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin V
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Piperacillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Acinetobacter
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
  • E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
  • S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
  • Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
  • Pain
  • Edema
  • Phlebitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
Sulfadiazine
  • E. coli
  • P. mirabilis
  • Klebsiella
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
  • Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfamethoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfisoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Ticarcillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Ticarcillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • Enterobacter
  • E. coli
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Tigecycline
  • Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
  • Photosensitivity
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hepatic impairment
Tobramycin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Trimethoprim
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • P. mirabilis
  • Enterobacter
  • P. jirovecii
  • Children (< 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Children (> 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Nausea
  • Epigastric distress
  • Rash
Vancomycin
  • Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
  • C. difficile
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
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