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! Antimicrobial Spectrum
! Antimicrobial Spectrum
! Dosing Information
! Dosing Information
! Common Adverse Reaction
! Notable Adverse Reaction
|-
|-
| '''Amikacin'''
| '''Amikacin'''
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* Rash
* Rash
* Diarrhea
* Diarrhea
* Abdominal cramping
* Cramping
|-
|-
| '''Amoxicillin-Clavulanate'''
| '''Amoxicillin-Clavulanate'''
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|
|
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200 - 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
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* Diarrhea
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Ampicillin-sulbactam'''
| '''Ampicillin-Sulbactam'''
|  
|  
* S. aureus
* S. aureus
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|
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* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200 - 2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
* Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
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* Rash
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness
* Serum sickness-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefadroxil'''
| '''Cefadroxil'''
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* Eosinophilia
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefoperazone'''
|
|
'''Cefoperazone  sodium'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Cefobid. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM. Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
 
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Highly protein bound cephalosporin with limited potency reflected by weak antipseudomonal activity. Variable gram- positive activity. Primarily hepatically eliminated in bile.
* Hypoprothrombinemia
 
* Disulfiram-life reaction
''Drug interaction: ''Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefotaxime'''
|
|
'''Cefotaxime  sodium'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Claforan. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
Neonates: ≤7 days: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days: 1,200 g 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM;
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
12,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Each gram of drug contains 2.2 mEq sodium. Active metabolite.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefotetan'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides
|
|
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV).
* Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-life reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefoxitin'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefpodoxime'''
|
|
'''Cefotetan  disodium'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Cefotan. Injection.
* H. influenzae
 
* M. catarrhalis
* N. gonorrhoeae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, ''and ''Bacteroides.  ''Inactive  against  ''Enterobacter.'''''
* Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Highly protein-bound cephalosporin, poor CNS penetration; -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Renally eliminated (∼20% in bile).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefprozil'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftazidime'''
|
|
'''Cefoxitin sodium '''Mefoxin. Injection.
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, ''and ''Bacteroides.  ''Inactive  against  ''Enterobacter.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Cautions: ''Poor CNS penetration; -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Painful given intramuscularly.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftiaoxime'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftriaxone'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefuroxime'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
* Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
* Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|
 
 
|-
|-
| '''Cephalexin'''
|
|
'''Cefpodoxime  proxetil'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Vantin.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Tablet: 100 mg, 200 mg.
* Proteus
 
|
Suspension: 50 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/5 mL.
* Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeae,'''''
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
'''''E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus. ''No antipseudomonal activity.'''
 
Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 
Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 200 mg PO as single-dose therapy.
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Does not adequately penetrate CNS. Increased bioavailability when taken with food.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid; antacids and H-2 receptor antagonists may decrease absorption.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cephradine'''
|
|
'''Cefprozil'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Cefzil.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
* Proteus
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Good bioavailability; food does not affect bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Chloramphenicol'''
|
|
'''Ceftazidime'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Salmonella
Fortaz, Ceptaz, Tazicer, Tazidime. Injection.
* Enterococcus faecium
 
* Bacteroides
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
* Rickettsia
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa.'''''
* Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
 
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days ≤1,200 g: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr).
* Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
 
Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Increasing pathogen resistance developing with
* Gray-baby syndrome
 
* Bone marrow suppression
long-term, widespread use.
* Aplastic anemia
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Ciprofloxacin'''
|
|
'''Ceftiaoxime '''Cefizox. Injection.
* P. aeruginosa
 
* Serratia
* Enterobacter
* Shigella
* Salmonella
* Campylobacter
* N. gonorrhoeae
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
 
* Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Tendonitis
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Confusion
 
* Crystalluria
* Photosensitivity
|-
|-
| '''Clarithromycin'''
|
|
'''Ceftriaxone  sodium'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Rocephin. Injection.
* H. influenzae
 
* Legionella
* Mycoplasma
* C. trachomatis
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 75 mg/kg dose 1 then 80-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr IV or IM).
 
Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Eliminated via kidney (33-65%) and bile; can cause sludging. Long half-life and dose-dependent protein binding favors q 24 hr rather than q 12 hr dosing. Can add 1% lidocaine for IM injection.
* Gastrointestinal distress
 
* Dyspepsia
* Nausea
* Cramping
|-
|-
| '''Clindamycin'''
|
|
'''Cefuroxime (cefuroxime axetil for oral administration)'''
* Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
 
* Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef. Injection.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against S. aureus, ''Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM. Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; PO
* Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
 
* Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
administration: 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO. Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Food increases PO bioavailability.
* Diarrhea
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Pseudomembranous colitis
 
* Rash
|-
|-
| '''Cloxacillin'''
|
|
'''Cephalexin'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Keflex, Keftab. Capsule: 250, 500 mg
 
Tablet: 500 mg, 1 g.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/mL drops.
 
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Cephradine'''
* Shigella
 
* Legionella
Velosef
* Nocardia
 
* Chlamydia
Capsule: 250, 500 mg.
* Pneumocystis jirovecii
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Erythema multiforme
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
 
* Nausea
* Leukopenia
|-
|-
| '''Demeclocycline'''
|
|
'''Chloramphenicol '''Chloromycetin. Injection.  Capsule: 250 mg.
* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
 
* Gram-negative bacilli
Ophthalmic, otic solutions. Ointment.
* Anaerobes
 
* Borrelia burgdorferi
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
|
|
'''Broad-spectrum protein synthesis inhibitor active against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, ''Salmonella, ''vancomycin-resistant  ''Enterococcus  faecium,  Bacteroides, ''other anaerobes, ''Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, ''and ''Rickettsia''; usually inactive against ''Pseudomonas''.'''
* Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
Neonates: Initial loading dose 20 mg/kg followed 12 hr later by: postnatal age ≤7 days: 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV; 7 days:
 
≤2,000 g: 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV; 2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV.
 
Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO (meningitis: 75-100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr).
 
Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Gray-baby syndrome (from too-high dose in neonate), bone marrow suppression aplastic anemia (monitor hematocrit, free serum iron).
* Teeth staining
 
* Photosensitivity
''Drug interactions: ''Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin may decrease levels.
* Diabetes insipidus
 
* Nausea
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 20-30 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
* Vomiting
 
* Diarrhea
 
|-
|-
| '''Dicloxacillin'''
|
|
'''Ciprofloxacin'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Cipro.
 
Tablet: 100, 250, 500, 750 mg.
 
Injection.
 
Ophthalmic solution and ointment. Otic suspension.
 
Oral suspension: 250 and 500 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Quinolone antibiotic active against ''P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Enterobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, ''some ''S. aureus, ''and some ''Streptococcus.'''''
* Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; cystic fibrosis: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Concerns of joint destruction in juvenile animals not seen in humans; tendonitis, superinfection, dizziness, confusion, crystalluria, some photosensitivity.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Theophylline; magnesium-, aluminum-, or calcium-containing antacids; sucralfate; probenecid; warfarin; cyclosporine.
 
|-
|-
| '''Doripenem'''
|
|
'''Clarithromycin'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Biaxin.
* Anaerobes
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Macrolide antibiotic with activity against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, Legionella, Mycoplasma, ''and'''
* Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
 
'''''C.  trachomatis.'''''
 
Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Adverse events less than erythromycin; gastrointestinal  upset,  dyspepsia,  nausea, cramping.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Same as erythromycin: astemizole  carbamazepine,  terfenadine cyclosporine, theophylline, digoxin, tacrolimus.
 
|-
|-
| '''Doxycycline'''
|
|
'''Clindamycin'''
* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
 
* Gram-negative bacilli
Cleocin.
* Anaerobes
 
* B. burgdorferi
Capsule: 75, 150, 300 mg. Suspension: 75 mg/5 mL. Injection.
* Mycoplasma
 
* Chlamydia
Topical solution, lotion, and gel. Vaginal cream.
 
|
|
'''Protein synthesis inhibitor active against most gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic cocci except ''Enterococcus.'''''
* Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 200 g; 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM;
 
7 days 1,200 g: 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO.
 
Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Diarrhea, nausea, ''Clostridium difficile''–associated colitis, rash. Administer slow IV over 30-60 min. Topically active as an acne treatment.
* Teeth staining
 
* Photosensitivity
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Erythromycin'''
|
|
'''Cloxacillin  sodium'''
* Gram-positive organisms
 
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Tegopen.
* Mycoplasma pneumoniae
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
* Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
 
* Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily hepatically eliminated; requires dose reduction in renal disease. Food decreases  bioavailability.
* Cramping
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Vomiting
 
* Diarrhea
* Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
|-
|-
| '''Gentamicin'''
|
|
'''Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole;  TMP-SMZ)'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra, Sulfatrim. Tablet: SMZ 400 mg and TMP 80 mg.
* Proteus
 
* Enterobacter
Tablet DS: SMZ 800 mg and TMP 160 mg. Suspension: SMZ 200 mg and TMP
* Serratia
 
* Pseudomonas
40 mg/5 mL. Injection.
 
|
|
'''Antibiotic combination with sequential antagonism of bacterial folate synthesis with broad antibacterial activity: ''Shigella, Legionella, Nocardia, Chlamydia, Pneumocystis jiroveci. ''Dosage based on TMP component.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO.
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
 
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
''Pneumocystis carinii ''pneumonia: 15-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
''P. carinii ''prophylaxis: 5 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or 3 times/wk PO. Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Drug dosed on TMP (trimethoprim) component. Sulfonamide skin reactions: rash, erythema multiforme,
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia. Renal and hepatic elimination; reduce dose in renal failure.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, possibly phenytoin, cyclosporine.
 
|-
|-
| '''Imipenem-Cilastatin'''
|
|
'''Demeclocycline'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Declomycin.
* Anaerobes
 
Tablet: 150, 300 mg.
 
Capsule: 150 mg.
 
|
|
'''Tetracycline active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus'', many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes, ''Borrelia burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr.
* Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: 900- 1,200 mg/24 hr or 13-15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO with dose reduction based on response to 600-900 mg/24 hr.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (if administered 8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, diabetes insipidus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc- and iron-containing food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption.
* Nausea
 
* Seizures
|-
|-
| '''Linezolid'''
|
|
'''Dicloxacillin'''
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
Dynapen, Pathocil.
* E. faecium
 
* Enterococcus faecalis
Capsule: 125, 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 62.5 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
* Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
 
* Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily renally (65%) and bile (30%) elimination. Food may decrease bioavailability.
* Bone marrow suppression
 
* Pseudomembranous colitis
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Nausea
 
* Diarrhea
* Headache
|-
|-
| '''Loracarbef'''
|
|
'''Doripenem '''Doribax. Injection.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
 
* Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes.'''
 
Children: dose unknown. Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; does not undergo hepatic metabolism. Renal elimination (70-75%); dose adjustment for renal failure.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Valproic acid, probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Meropenem'''
|
|
'''Doxycycline '''Vibramycin, Doxy. Injection.
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
* Anaerobes
 
Tablet: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL. Syrup: 50 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Tetracycline antibiotic active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus, ''many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes,'''
* Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
 
* Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
'''''B. burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
 
Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200  mg/24  hr).
 
Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc-, iron-, kaolin-, and pectin-containing products, food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption. Carbamazepine, rifampin, barbiturates may decrease half-life.
 
|-
|-
| '''Metronidazole'''
|
|
'''Erythromycin'''
* Anaerobes
 
E-Mycin, Ery-Tab, Ery-C, Ilosone. Estolate 125, 500 mg.
 
Tablet EES: 200 mg.
 
Tablet base: 250, 333, 500 mg. Suspension: estolate 125 mg/5 mL,
 
250 mg/5 mL, EES 200 mg/5 mL, 400 mg/5 mL.
 
Estolate drops: 100 mg/mL. EES drops:
 
100 mg/2.5 mL. Available in combination with sulfisoxazole (Pediazole), dosed on erythromycin content.
 
|
|
'''Bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic most active against gram- positive organisms, ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ''and ''Mycoplasma  pneumoniae.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO;
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
 
* Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO; 1,200 g:
 
30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (give as 5 mg/kg/dose q 6 hr to
 
improve feeding intolerance). Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr.
 
Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Motilin agonist leading to marked abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in young infants. Many different salts with questionable tempering of gastrointestinal adverse events. Rare cardiac toxicity with IV use. Dose of salts differ. Topical formulation for treatment of acne.
* Dizziness
 
* Seizures
''Drug interactions: ''Antagonizes hepatic CYP 3A4 activity:  astemizole,  carbamazepine, terfenadine,  cyclosporine,  theophylline, digoxin,  tacrolimus,  carbamazepine.
* Metallic taste
 
* Nausea
* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Mezlocillin'''
|
|
'''Gentamicin '''Garamycin. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Ophthalmic solution, ointment, topical cream.
* Serratia
 
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily. Intrathecal: Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or
 
intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr IT; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Anaerobes, ''S. pneumoniae, ''and other ''Streptococcus ''are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L with intermittent daily dose regimens only.
 
|-
|-
| '''Mupirocin'''
|
|
'''Imipenem-cilastatin'''
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
Primaxin. Injection.
 
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
* Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
 
'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against'''
 
'''''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal age
 
7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), nausea, seizures. Cilastatin possesses no antibacterial activity; reduces renal imipenem metabolism. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Itching
 
''Drug interaction: ''Possibly ganciclovir.
 
|-
|-
| '''Nafcillin'''
|
|
'''Linezolid'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Zyvox.
 
Tablet: 400, 600 mg.
 
Oral suspension: 100 mg/5 mL. Injection: 100 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Oxazolidinone  antibiotic  active  against  gram-positive  cocci (especially  drug-resistant  organisms), including ''Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. faecium, ''and ''Enterococcus faecalis. ''Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome  subunit.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO.
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO; skin infections: 400 mg q 12 hr IV or PO.
 
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Myelosuppression, pseudomembranous  colitis,  nausea,  diarrhea, headache.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Phlebitis
 
* Neutropenia
|-
|-
| '''Nalidixic acid'''
|
|
'''Loracarbef'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Lorabid.
* Klebsiella
 
* Proteus
Capsule: 200 mg.
 
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Carbacephem very closely related to cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin) active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g). Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
|-
|-
| '''Neomycin'''
|
|
'''Meropenem '''Merrem. Injection.
* Gastrointestinal flora
 
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including ''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against ''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
* Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV meningitis: 120 mg/ kg/24 hr (max dose: 6 g/24 hr) q 8 hr IV.
* Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
 
Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; appears to possess less CNS excitation than imipenem. 80% renal elimination.
* Cramping
 
* Diarrhea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity
|-
|-
| '''Nitrofurantoin'''
|
|
'''Metronidazole'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Flagyl, Metro-IV, generic. Topical gel, vaginal gel. Injection.
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
|
|
'''Highly effective in the treatment of infections due to anaerobes.'''
* Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
Neonates: 1,200 g: 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV; postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 15 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; postnatal age 7 days
 
1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Dizziness, seizures, metallic taste, nausea, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Administer IV slow over 30-60 min. Adjust dose with hepatic impairment.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interactions: ''Carbamazepine, rifampin, phenobarbital may enhance metabolism; may increase levels of warfarin, phenytoin, lithium.
* Rash
 
* Jaundice
* Interstitial pneumonitis
|-
|-
| '''Ofloxacin'''
|
|
'''Mezlocillin sodium'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Mezlin. Infection.
* Anaerobes
 
* Chlamydia trachomatis
|
|
<center>'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Bacteroides; ''limited antipseudomonal activity. '''Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV;</center>
* Child (&lt; 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
 
* Child (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
7 days: 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis
 
300-450 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.8 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation with high doses; increases noted in liver function test results. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by
* Burning
 
* Stinging
<center>-lactamase enzyme.</center>
* Eye redness
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Oxacillin'''
|
|
'''Mupirocin '''Bactroban. Ointment.
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
|
|
'''Topical antibiotic active against ''Staphylococcus ''and'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
'''''Streptococcus.'''''
* Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
Topical application: Nasal (eliminate nasal carriage) and to the skin 2-4 times per day.
* Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
 
|
|
''Caution: ''Minimal systemic absorption as drug metabolized within the skin.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Neutropenia
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G'''
|
|
'''Nafcillin sodium '''Nafcil, Unipen. Injection. Capsule: 250 mg.
* S. pneumoniae
 
* Group A Streptococcus
Tablet: 500 mg.
* N. gonorrhoeae
 
* N. meningitidis
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; postnatal age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr;
* Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
2,000 g: 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (meningitis: 200 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), phlebitis; painful given intramuscularly; oral absorption highly variable and erratic (not recommended).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
* Allergy
 
* Seizures
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
|
|
'''Nalidixic acid'''
* Group A Streptococcus
 
NegGram.
 
Tablet: 250, 500, 1,000 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''1st generation quinolone effective for short-term treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
 
* Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
* Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
 
Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash. Not for use in systemic infections.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G, procaine'''
|
|
'''Neomycin sulfate '''Mycifradin, generic. Tablet: 500 mg.
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
Topical cream, ointment. Solution: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic used for topical application or orally before surgery to decrease gastrointestinal flora (nonabsorbable)  and  hyperammonemia.'''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
 
* Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO.
* Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''In patients with renal dysfunction because small amount absorbed may accumulate.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Adverse events: ''Primarily related to topical application, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if absorbed.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin V'''
|
|
'''Nitrofurantoin'''
* S. pneumoniae
 
* N. gonorrhoeae
Furadantin, Furan, Macrodantin. Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
* N. meningitidis
 
Extended-release capsule: 100 mg. Macrocrystal: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Effective in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
* Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose:
 
400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash, jaundice, interstitial pneumonitis. Do not use with moderate to severe renal dysfunction.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Piperacillin'''
|
|
'''Ofloxacin'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Ocuflox 0.3% ophthalmic solution: 1, 5,
* Serratia
 
* P. aeruginosa
<center>10 mL.</center>
* Bacteroides
 
Floxin 0.3% otic solution: 5, 10 mL.
 
|
|
'''Quinolone antibiotic for treatment of conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers (ophthalmic solution) and otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media (otic solution) caused by susceptible gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, or ''Chlamydia  trachomatis.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
''Child ''''1-12 yr:''
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then
 
1-2 drops qid for 5 days.
 
Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days.
 
Otitis externa (otic solution): 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days.
 
Chronic suppurative otitis media: treat for 14 days.
 
''Child ''''12 yr and adults: ''Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa (otic solution): Use 10 drops bid for 10 or 14 days as for younger children.
 
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Burning, stinging, eye redness (ophthalmic solution), dizziness with otic solution if not warmed.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Piperacillin-Tazobactam'''
|
|
'''Oxacillin sodium '''Prostaphlin. Injection.
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Acinetobacter
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
* Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV; postnatal age 7 days 1,200 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g:
 
100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV.
 
Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV. Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Moderate oral bioavailability (35-65%). Primarily renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 
|-
|-
| '''Quinupristin-Dalfopristin'''
|
|
'''Penicillin G '''Injection. Tablets.
* E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
 
* S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
|
|
'''Penicillin active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), group A streptococcus, and some gram-negative bacteria  (e.g.,  ''N. gonorrhoeae,  N.  meningitidis'').'''
* Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 100,000 units/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM); 2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150,000 units/kg/24 hr divided  q 8 hr IV or IM); postnatal age 7 days ≤1,200 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (meningitis: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV); 1,200-2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (meningitis: 225,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV); 2,000 g: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (meningitis: 200,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with marked renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Pain
 
* Edema
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Phlebitis
 
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Sulfadiazine'''
|
|
'''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
* E. coli
 
* P. mirabilis
Bicillin. Injection.
* Klebsiella
 
|
|
'''Long-acting repository form of penicillin effective in the treatment of infections responsive to persistent, low penicillin concentrations (1-4 wk), e.g., group A streptococcus pharyngitis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis.'''
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
 
* Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg IM once.
 
Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose:
 
1.2-2.4 million units/dose).
 
Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Penicillin G, procaine'''
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Crysticillin. Injection.
 
|
|
'''Repository form of penicillin providing low penicillin concentrations for 12 hr.'''
* Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM.
 
Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose:
 
4.8 million units/dose).
 
Gonorrhea: 100,000 units/kg (max dose: 4.8 million units/24 hr) IM once with probenecid 25 mg/kg (max dose: 1 g)
 
Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia) allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfisoxazole'''
|
|
'''Penicillin V'''
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Pen VK, V-Cillin K.
 
Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Preferred oral dosing form of penicillin, active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), other ''Streptococcus, ''and some gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,'''
* Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
'''''N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis'').'''
 
Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interaction'': Probenecid.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin'''
|
|
'''Piperacillin '''Pipracil. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days; 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV.
* Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 350-500 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions'': -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation/serum sickness-like reaction with high doses; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin-Clavulanate'''
|
|
'''Piperacillin-tazobactam'''
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
Zosyn. Injection.
* Enterobacter
 
* E. coli
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin) combined with a'''
* Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Interferes with platelet aggregation, serum sickness–like reaction with high doses, increases in liver function test results. Renally eliminated.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Tigecycline'''
|
|
'''Quinupristin/dalfopristin'''
* Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
 
* Streptococcus
Synercid.
* Staphylococcus
 
* Anaerobes
IV injection: powder for reconstitution, 10 mL contains 150 mg quinupristin,
 
<center>350 mg dalfopristin.</center>
 
|
|
'''Streptogramin antibiotic (quinupristin) active against vancomycin-resistant ''E. faecium ''(VRE) and methicillin- resistant ''S. aureus ''(MRSA)''. ''Not active against ''E. faecalis.'''''
* Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
 
Children and adults: VRE: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV for VRE; skin infections:
 
7.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Pain, edema, or phlebitis at injection site, nausea, diarrhea.
* Photosensitivity
 
* Hypersensitivity
''Drug interactions: ''Synercid is a potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4.
* Hepatic impairment
 
|-
|-
| '''Tobramycin'''
|
|
'''Sulfadiazine'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Tablet: 500 mg.
* Enterobacter
 
* Serratia
* Proteus
* Pseudomonas
|
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic primarily indicated for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections due to ''E. coli, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Klebsiella.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
Toxoplasmosis:
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
 
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO (with folinic acid).
 
Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid.
 
Rheumatic fever prophylaxis: ≤30 kg: 500 mg/24 hr q 24 hr PO;
 
30 kg: 1 g/24 hr q 24 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life  ∼10  hr.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim'''
|
|
'''Sulfamethoxazole'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Gantanol. Tablet: 500 mg.
* P. mirabilis
 
* Enterobacter
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL.
* P. jirovecii
 
|
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
* Children (&lt; 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Children (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO. Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life 12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
* Megaloblastic anemia
 
* Bone marrow suppression
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
* Nausea
 
* Epigastric distress
* Rash
|-
|-
| '''Vancomycin'''
|
|
'''Sulfisoxazole '''Gantrisin. Tablet: 500 mg.
* Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
 
* C. difficile
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL. Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
* Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life ∼7-12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Ticarcillin '''Ticar. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 2,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided  q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days 2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV;
 
7 days 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-
 
2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g: 300 mg/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Ticarcillin-clavulanate'''
 
Timentin. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (ticarcillin) combined with a'''
 
β-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanate) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, Enterobacter, E. coli, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Tigecycline '''Tygacil. Injection.
 
|
'''Tetracycline-class antibiotic (glycylcycline) active against Enterobacteriaceae, including ESBL producers; streptococci (including VRE); staphylococci (including MRSA); and anaerobes.'''
 
Children: unknown.
 
Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Pregnancy; children under 8 yr of age; photosensitivity; hypersensitivity to tetracyclines; hepatic impairment (~60% hepatic  clearance).
 
''Drug interaction: ''Warfarin; mycophenolate mofetil.
 
|-
|
'''Tobramycin '''Nebcin, Tobrex. Injection.
 
Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
 
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV. Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
''Cautions: S. pneumoniae, ''other ''Streptococcus, ''and anaerobes are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
 
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L.
 
|-
|
'''Trimethoprim '''Proloprim, Trimpex. Tablet: 100, 200 mg
 
|
'''Folic acid antagonist effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of ''E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Enterobacter ''urinary tract infections; ''P. carinii ''pneumonia.'''
 
Children: For urinary tract infection: 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Children ''12 yr and adults: ''100-200 mg q 12 hr PO. ''P. carinii ''pneumonia (with dapsone): 15-20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr for 21 days PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Megaloblastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, nausea, epigastric distress, rash.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Possible interactions with phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, warfarin.
 
|-
|
'''Vancomycin '''Vancocin,  Luphocin. Injection.
 
Capsule: 125 mg, 250 mg. Suspension.
 
|
'''Glycopeptide antibiotic active against most gram-positive pathogens including ''Staphylococcus ''(including ''MRSA ''and coagulase-negative staphylococci), ''S. pneumoniae ''including penicillin-resistant strains, ''Enterococcus ''(resistance is increasing), and ''C. difficile–as''sociated colitis.'''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV;
 
2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; postnatal age 7
 
days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g:
 
15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 45 mg/kg/24 hr
 
divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; ''C. difficile''– associated colitis; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity particularly when co-administered with other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
Infuse IV over 45-60 min. Flushing (red man syndrome) associated with rapid IV infusions, fever, chills, phlebitis (central line is preferred). Renally eliminated.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak (1 hr after
 
1 hr infusion) 30-40 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
 
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 07:03, 3 June 2015

Antibiotic Agent Antimicrobial Spectrum Dosing Information Notable Adverse Reaction
Amikacin
  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 15-25 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 15 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Amoxicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Cramping
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
  • Streptococcus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • Neonates: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
  • Children: 20-45 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose 80-90 mg/kg/24 hr PO for otitis media.
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Ampicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
Ampicillin-Sulbactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • B. fragilis
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Azithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
  • Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.
  • Gastrointestinal distress
Aztreonam
  • Gram-negative aerobic bacteria
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Eosinophilia
Carbenicillin
  • Enterobacter
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Cefaclor
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Cefadroxil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefazolin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefdinir
  • Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
  • Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO
  • Diarrhea
Cefepime
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vaginal candidiasis
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefixime
  • Streptococci
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Serratia marcescens
  • P. vulgaris
  • Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefoperazone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefotaxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefotetan
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefoxitin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefpodoxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefprozil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftazidime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftiaoxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftriaxone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefuroxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
  • Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephalexin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephradine
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Chloramphenicol
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Salmonella
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Bacteroides
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Rickettsia
  • Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Gray-baby syndrome
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Aplastic anemia
Ciprofloxacin
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Serratia
  • Enterobacter
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Tendonitis
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Crystalluria
  • Photosensitivity
Clarithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Legionella
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. trachomatis
  • Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
  • Gastrointestinal distress
  • Dyspepsia
  • Nausea
  • Cramping
Clindamycin
  • Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
  • Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
  • Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Rash
Cloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
  • Shigella
  • Legionella
  • Nocardia
  • Chlamydia
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Erythema multiforme
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
Demeclocycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Dicloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doripenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doxycycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • B. burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Erythromycin
  • Gram-positive organisms
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
  • Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Gentamicin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Imipenem-Cilastatin
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Nausea
  • Seizures
Linezolid
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. faecium
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
Loracarbef
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Meropenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
  • Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Metronidazole
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Metallic taste
  • Nausea
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-like reaction
Mezlocillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Mupirocin
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
  • Itching
Nafcillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Phlebitis
  • Neutropenia
Nalidixic acid
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
Neomycin
  • Gastrointestinal flora
  • Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Nitrofurantoin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
  • Jaundice
  • Interstitial pneumonitis
Ofloxacin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Anaerobes
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
  • Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Eye redness
  • Dizziness
Oxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Neutropenia
Penicillin G
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
  • Seizures
Penicillin G, benzathine
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
  • Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin G, procaine
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
  • Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin V
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Piperacillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Acinetobacter
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
  • E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
  • S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
  • Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
  • Pain
  • Edema
  • Phlebitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
Sulfadiazine
  • E. coli
  • P. mirabilis
  • Klebsiella
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
  • Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfamethoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfisoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Ticarcillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Ticarcillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • Enterobacter
  • E. coli
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Tigecycline
  • Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
  • Photosensitivity
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hepatic impairment
Tobramycin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Trimethoprim
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • P. mirabilis
  • Enterobacter
  • P. jirovecii
  • Children (< 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Children (> 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Nausea
  • Epigastric distress
  • Rash
Vancomycin
  • Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
  • C. difficile
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
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