Lassa fever history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 18:08, 18 September 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common symptoms of Lassa fever typically include persistent, high-grade fever and other non-specific symptoms, such as headache, myalgia/arthralgia, cough, conjunctival injection, and vomiting. Less commonly, patients may present with more severe symptoms, such as GI bleeding, deafness, confusion, seizures, and coma.

Diagnosis

The current case definition for suspecting Lassa fever is as follows:^[1]

Unexplained fever at least 38 °C or 100.4 °F for ≥ 1 week
And 1 of the following:
▸ No response to standard treatment with the choice of regimen for most likely cause of fever (malaria, typhoid fever)
▸ Readmitted within 3 weeks of inpatient care for an illness with fever
And 1 of the following
▸ Edema or bleeding
▸ Sore throat and retrosternal pain/vomiting
▸ Spontaneous abortion following fever
▸ Hearing loss following fever

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Lassa fever are often non-specific symptoms that resemble symptoms of other viral infections:

Fever and chills (typically persistent, high-grade fever)
Headache
Malaise
Myalgia
Arthralgia
Chest pain (typically retrosternal)
Dizziness
Weakness
Dizziness
Sore throat
Back pain
Cough
Nausea and Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea (may be bloody)
Conjunctival injection and conjunctival hemorrhage
Mucosal bleeding
Hearing loss

The following table lists the common symptoms of Lassa fever and their corresponding prevalence among infected patients:

Symptom of Lassa Fever	Prevalence Among Infected Patients (%)
Fever	≈100
Headache	80-90
Arthralgia/Myalgia	80-90
Retrosternal Chest Pain	80-90
Weakness	70-80
Dizziness	70-80
Sore Throat/Pharyngitis	60-80
Cough	60-70
Vomiting	60-70
Abdominal Pain	50-60
Diarrhea	30-50
Conjunctivitis/Subconjunctival Hemorrhage	30-40
Chills	20-40
Deafness	20-30
Bleeding	20-30
Confusion	10-20
Swollen Neck or Face	10-20

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of Lassa fever usually develop late and are often associated with a more severe course of disease.

Skin

Jaundice

HEENT

Gastrointestinal tract

Cardiovascular system

Hypotension or shock
Palpitations

Respiratory tract

Nervous system

References

↑ "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" (PDF).

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Prevention-1] "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" (PDF).

[1]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Lassa fever}}
 {{CMG}}; {{Ammu}}
-{{SK}} Lassa hemorrhagic fever; LHF
 ==Overview==
-Lassa fever after an [[incubation period]] of six to twenty-one days, an acute illness with [[multiorgan]] involvement develops [[gastrointestinal]], neurological and [[pulmonary]] symptoms.
+Common symptoms of Lassa fever typically include persistent, high-grade [[fever]] and other non-specific symptoms, such as [[headache]], [[myalgia]]/[[arthralgia]], [[cough]], [[conjunctival injection]], and [[vomiting]]. Less commonly, patients may present with more severe symptoms, such as [[GI bleeding]], [[deafness]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, and [[coma]].
-==History==
+==Diagnosis==
-In 80% of cases the disease is inapparent, but in the remaining 20% it takes a complicated course. After an [[incubation period]] of six to twenty-one days, an acute illness with multiorgan involvement develops.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url =http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/lassa/transmission/index.html }}</ref>
+The current case definition for suspecting Lassa fever is as follows:<ref name=Prevention>{{cite web | title = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url =http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/abroad/pdf/african-healthcare-setting-vhf.pdf }}</ref>
+{| style="border: 2px solid #DCDCDC; font-size: 90%; width: 60%;" align=left
+! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 120%; background: #4479BA" align=left| ''{{fontcolor|#FFF|Unexplained fever at least 38 °C or 100.4 °F for ≥ 1 week}}''
+|-
+! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 95%; background:  #DCDCDC" align=left | '''And 1 of the following:'''
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ No response to standard treatment with the choice of regimen for most likely cause of [[fever]] ([[malaria]], [[typhoid fever]])
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ Readmitted within 3 weeks of inpatient care for an illness with [[fever]]
+|-
+! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 95%; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | '''And 1 of the following'''
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ [[Edema]] or [[bleeding]]
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ [[Sore throat]] and [[retrosternal pain]]/[[vomiting]]
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ Spontaneous [[abortion]] following [[fever]]
+|-
+| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ [[Hearing loss]] following [[fever]]
+|}
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
 ==Common Symptoms==
-* Because the symptoms of Lassa fever are so varied and nonspecific, clinical diagnosis is often difficult.
+Common symptoms of Lassa fever are often non-specific symptoms that resemble symptoms of other viral infections:
-* Non-specific symptoms include the following.
+* [[Fever]] and [[chills]] (typically persistent, high-grade fever)
-:* [[Fever]]
+* [[Headache]]
-:* Facial swelling
+* [[Malaise]]
-:* [[Muscle fatigue]]
+* [[Myalgia]]
-:* [[Chest pain|retrosternal pain]] (pain behind the chest wall)
+* [[Arthralgia]]
-:* [[Sore throat]]
+* [[Chest pain]] (typically retrosternal)
-:* [[Back pain]]
+* [[Dizziness]]
-:* [[Cough]]
+* [[Weakness]]
-:* [[Abdominal pain]]
+* [[Dizziness]]
-:* [[Vomiting]]
+* [[Sore throat]]
-:* [[Diarrhea]]
+* [[Back pain]]
-:* [[Mucosa]]l bleeding.
+* [[Cough]]
-[[File:Lassa prevention 03.png|thumb|center|400 px|Symptoms Lassa Fever CDC<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/abroad/pdf/african-healthcare-setting-vhf.pdf]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Symptoms | url =  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/abroad/pdf/african-healthcare-setting-vhf.pdf}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]]
+* [[Nausea]] and [[Vomiting]]
+* [[Abdominal pain]]
+* [[Diarrhea]] (may be bloody)
+* [[Conjunctival injection]] and [[conjunctival hemorrhage]]
+* [[Mucosal bleeding]]
+* [[Hearing loss]]
+<br>
+The following table lists the common symptoms of Lassa fever and their corresponding prevalence among infected patients:
+{| {{table}}
+| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Symptom of Lassa Fever'''
+| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Prevalence Among Infected Patients (%)'''
+|-
+| Fever||≈100
+|-
+| Headache||80-90
+|-
+| Arthralgia/Myalgia||80-90
+|-
+| Retrosternal Chest Pain||80-90
+|-
+| Weakness||70-80
+|-
+| Dizziness||70-80
+|-
+| Sore Throat/Pharyngitis||60-80
+|-
+| Cough||60-70
+|-
+| Vomiting||60-70
+|-
+| Abdominal Pain||50-60
+|-
+| Diarrhea||30-50
+|-
+| Conjunctivitis/Subconjunctival Hemorrhage||30-40
+|-
+| Chills||20-40
+|-
+| Deafness||20-30
+|-
+| Bleeding||20-30
+|-
+| Confusion||10-20
+|-
+| Swollen Neck or Face||10-20
+|}
 ==Less Common Symptoms==
-The other symptoms arising from the affected organs are:
+Less common symptoms of Lassa fever usually develop late and are often associated with a more severe course of disease.
-* [[Gastrointestinal tract]]
+===Skin===
-** [[Nausea]]
+*[[Jaundice]]
-** [[Hematemesis|Vomiting blood]]
-** [[Diarrhea]] (bloody)
+===HEENT===
-** [[Stomach ache]]
+*[[Sore throat]]
-** [[Constipation]]
+*[[Facial edema]]
-** [[Difficulty swallowing]]
+*[[Neck swelling]]
-** [[Yellow discoloration of skin and sclera]]
-* [[Cardiovascular system]]
+===Gastrointestinal tract===
-** [[Chest pain]]
+*[[Hematemesis]]
-** [[High blood pressure]]
+*[[Constipation]]
-** [[Low blood pressure]]
+*[[Dysphagia]]
-** Abnormally high [[heart rate]]
-* [[Respiratory tract]]
+===Cardiovascular system===
-** [[Cough]]
+*[[Hypotension]] or [[shock]]
-** [[Difficulty breathing]]
+*[[Palpitations]]
-** [[Sore throat]]
-* [[Nervous system]]
+===Respiratory tract===
-** [[Headache]]
+*[[Dyspnea]]
-**[[Tremor]]
+*[[Hemoptysis]]
-** Unilateral or bilateral [[hearing loss]]
-** [[Seizure]]s
+===Nervous system===
+*[[Tremor]]
+*[[Confusion]]
+* [[Seizure]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 61: / Line 128: @@
 [[Category:Tropical disease]]
 [[Category:Biological weapons]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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