Mycobacterium kansasii: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''''Mycobacterium kansasii''''' | '''''Mycobacterium kansasii''''' | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
===Antimicrobial regimen=== | ===Antimicrobial regimen=== | ||
* pulmonary disease | *1. '''pulmonary disease''' <ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST| issn = 1073-449X| volume = 175| issue = 4| pages = 367–416| last1 = Griffith| first1 = David E.| last2 = Aksamit| first2 = Timothy| last3 = Brown-Elliott| first3 = Barbara A.| last4 = Catanzaro| first4 = Antonino| last5 = Daley| first5 = Charles| last6 = Gordin| first6 = Fred| last7 = Holland| first7 = Steven M.| last8 = Horsburgh| first8 = Robert| last9 = Huitt| first9 = Gwen| last10 = Iademarco| first10 = Michael F.| last11 = Iseman| first11 = Michael| last12 = Olivier| first12 = Kenneth| last13 = Ruoss| first13 = Stephen| last14 = von Reyn| first14 = C. Fordham| last15 = Wallace| first15 = Richard J.| last16 = Winthrop| first16 = Kevin| last17 = ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee| last18 = American Thoracic Society| last19 = Infectious Disease Society of America| title = An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases| journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine| date = 2007-02-15| pmid = 17277290}}</ref> | ||
:* Preferred regimen: [[Rifampin]] 10 mg/kg/day (maximum, 600 mg) {{and}} [[Ethambutol]] 15 mg/kg/ day {{and}} [[Isoniazid]] 5 mg/kg/day (maximum 300 mg) {{and}} [[Pyridoxine]] 50 mg/day | :* Preferred regimen: [[Rifampin]] 10 mg/kg/day (maximum, 600 mg) {{and}} [[Ethambutol]] 15 mg/kg/ day {{and}} [[Isoniazid]] 5 mg/kg/day (maximum 300 mg) {{and}} [[Pyridoxine]] 50 mg/day | ||
:* NOTE: Treatment duration for M. kansasii lung disease should include 12 months of negative sputum cultures | :* NOTE: Treatment duration for M. kansasii lung disease should include 12 months of negative sputum cultures | ||
* Rifampin-resistant M. kansasii disease | |||
*2. '''Rifampin-resistant M. kansasii disease''' | |||
:* Preferred regimen: Use three-drug regimen include [[Clarithromycin]] {{or}} [[Azithromycin]] {{or}} [[Moxifloxacin]] {{or}} [[Ethambutol]] {{or}} [[Sulfamethoxazole]] {{or}} [[Streptomycin]] | :* Preferred regimen: Use three-drug regimen include [[Clarithromycin]] {{or}} [[Azithromycin]] {{or}} [[Moxifloxacin]] {{or}} [[Ethambutol]] {{or}} [[Sulfamethoxazole]] {{or}} [[Streptomycin]] | ||
* | |||
*3. '''Disseminated M. kansasii disease''' | |||
:* Preferred regimen: The treatment regimen for disseminated disease should be the same as for pulmonary disease | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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*'''Hauduroy,P.''' 1955. Derniers aspects du monde des mycobactéries. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1955. | *'''Hauduroy,P.''' 1955. Derniers aspects du monde des mycobactéries. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1955. | ||
[[Category:Acid fast bacilli]] | [[Category:Acid fast bacilli]] | ||
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[[Category:Nontuberculous mycobacteria]] | [[Category:Nontuberculous mycobacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] | [[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious Disease Project]] | [[Category:Infectious Disease Project]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:10, 18 September 2017
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| Mycobacterium kansasii Hauduroy 1955, ATCC 12478 |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
Mycobacterium kansasii
Description
Gram-positive, nonmotile, moderately long to long and acid-fast rods.
Colony characteristics
- Smooth to rough colonies after 7 or more days of incubation.
- Colonies grown in dark are nonpigmented, when grown in light or when young colonies are exposed briefly to light, colonies become brilliant yellow (photochromogenic).
- If grown in a lighted incubator, most strains form dark red crystals of β-carotene on the surface and inside of colony.
Physiology
- Growth on Middlebrook 7H10 agar at 37°C within 7 days or more.
- Resistant to isoniazid.
- Susceptible to ethambutol.
Differential characteristics
- Closely related to the non-pathogenic, also slowly growing, nonpigmented M. gastri.
- Both species share an identical 16S rDNA but differentiation is possible by differences in the ITS and hsp65 sequences
- A commercial hybridisation assay (AccuProbe) to identify M. kansasii exists.
Pathogenesis
- Chronic human pulmonary disease resembling tuberculosis (involvement of the upper lobe).
- Extrapulmonary infections, (cervical lymphadenitis in children, cutaneous and soft tissues infections and musculoskeletal system involvement), are uncommon.
- Rarely causes disseminated disease except in patients with severely impaired cellular immunity (patients with organ transplants or AIDS).
- Normally considered not to be contagious from person to person.
- Natural sources of infections unclear. Tap water is believed to be the major reservoir associated with human disease.
- Biosafety level 2
Type Strain
- First and most frequently isolated from human pulmonary secretions and lesions.
Strain ATCC 12478 = CIP 104589 = DSM 44162 = JCM 6379 = NCTC 13024.
Treatment
Antimicrobial regimen
- 1. pulmonary disease [1]
- Preferred regimen: Rifampin 10 mg/kg/day (maximum, 600 mg) AND Ethambutol 15 mg/kg/ day AND Isoniazid 5 mg/kg/day (maximum 300 mg) AND Pyridoxine 50 mg/day
- NOTE: Treatment duration for M. kansasii lung disease should include 12 months of negative sputum cultures
- 2. Rifampin-resistant M. kansasii disease
- Preferred regimen: Use three-drug regimen include Clarithromycin OR Azithromycin OR Moxifloxacin OR Ethambutol OR Sulfamethoxazole OR Streptomycin
- 3. Disseminated M. kansasii disease
- Preferred regimen: The treatment regimen for disseminated disease should be the same as for pulmonary disease
References
- ↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
- Hauduroy,P. 1955. Derniers aspects du monde des mycobactéries. Masson et Cie, Paris, 1955.