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| {{Taxobox
| | #REDIRECT [[Shigella dysenteriae]] |
| | color = lightgrey <!-- Please read [[WP:Taxobox_usage#Color]] before making any changes to the taxobox color. -->
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| | name = ''Shigella dysenteriae''
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| | regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
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| | phylum = [[Proteobacteria]]
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| | classis = [[Gammaproteobacteria]]
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| | ordo = [[Enterobacteriaceae|Enterobacteriales]]
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| | familia = [[Enterobacteriaceae]]
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| | genus ='' [[Shigella]]''
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| | species = '''''S. dysenteriae'''''
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| | binomial = ''Shigella dysenteriae''
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| | binomial_authority = (Shiga 1897)<br>Castellani & Chalmers 1919
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| }}
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| _NOTOC_
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| '''''Shigella dysenteriae''''' is a species of the rod-shaped [[bacteria]]l [[genus]] ''[[Shigella]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sherris medical microbiology: an introduction to infectious diseases|year=2004|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional Med/Tech|isbn=978-0-8385-8529-0|edition=4th |editor=Ryan, Kenneth James; Ray, C. George}}</ref>{{page needed|date=February 2012}} ''Shigella'' species can cause [[shigellosis]] (bacillary [[dysentery]]). Shigellae are [[Gram-negative]], [[Endospore|nonspore-forming]], [[Facultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic]], [[Motility|nonmotile]] bacteria.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book|last=Hale|first=Thomas L.|last2=Keusch|first2=Gerald T.|title=Medical microbiology|year=1996|publisher=University of Texas Medical Branch|location=Galveston, Texas|isbn=978-0-9631172-1-2|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8038/#A1269|edition=4|editor=Baron, Samuel|accessdate=February 11, 2012|chapter=Shigella: Structure, Classification, and Antigenic Types}}</ref>
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| ''S. dysenteriae'', spread by contaminated water and food, causes the most severe dysentery because of its potent and deadly [[Shiga toxin]], but other species may also be dysentery agents.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Herold S, Karch H, Schmidt H |title=Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages—genomes in motion |journal=[[International Journal of Medical Microbiology|Int J Med Microbiolo]] |volume=294 |issue=2–3 |pages=115–121 |year=2004 |pmid=15493821 |doi=10.1016/j.ijmm.2004.06.023 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1438-4221(04)00054-2}}</ref> Contamination is often caused by bacteria on unwashed hands during food preparation, or soiled hands reaching the mouth.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| Since the typical fecal specimen is not sterile, the use of selective plates is mandatory. [[XLD agar]], [[DCA agar]], or [[Hektoen enteric agar]] are inoculated; all give colorless colonies as the organism is not a [[lactose]] fermenter. Inoculation of a [[TSI slant]] shows an alkaline slant and acidic, but with no gas, or {{chem|link=hydrogen sulfide|H|2|S}} production. Following incubation on SIM, the culture appears nonmotile with no {{chem|H|2|S}} production. Addition of [[Indole test|Kovac's reagent]] to the SIM tube following growth typically indicates no [[indole]] formation ([[serotype]]s 2, 7, and 8 produce indole<ref>{{cite book |last1=Germani |first1=Y. |last2=Sansonetti |first2=P.J. |editor1-first=M. (editor-in-chief) |editor1-last=Dworkin |title= The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: gamma subclass |edition=3rd |volume=6 |year=2006 |publisher=Springer |isbn=0-387-25496-X |doi=10.1007/0-387-30746-x_6 |pages=99–122 |chapter=Chapter 3.3.6: The Genus ''Shigella''}}</ref>).
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| ''[[Shigella flexneri]]'' will produce acid and gas from glucose, and ''[[Shigella sonnei]]'' is [[mannitol]] and [[ornithine]] positive, and is also a late lactose fermenter (ONPG positive). Some ''Shigella'' species can produce indole.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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| ==External Links==
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| *{{cite web |title=''Shigella dysenteriae'' |work=NCBI Taxonomy Browser |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=622 |id=622}}
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| {{Gram-negative bacterial diseases}}
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| [[Category:Enterobacteria]]
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| [[Category:Bacteria with sequenced genomes]]
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| {{gammaproteobacteria-stub}}
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