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{{Legionellosis}}
{{Legionellosis}}
 
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{YD}}, {{SSK}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Legionellosis is uncommon among healthy individuals. Major risk factors in addition to exposure to Legionella include old age, smoking, and a weakened immune system. Exposures are common among travelers, individuals who use or maintain whirlpool spas, and individuals who have recently had maintenance work their plumbing.
The most important [[risk factor]] in the development of legionellosis is recent exposure to either aerosolized water or contaminated water. Other [[risk factors]] include old age, concomitant [[lung disease]], active [[smoking]] status, and [[immunosuppression]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Most healthy individuals do not become infected with Legionella bacteria after exposure. Major risk factors that predispose to legionellosis include:<ref name="cdc">Top 10 Things Every Clinician Needs to Know About Legionellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed on August 5, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians.html</ref>
Risk factors of legionellosis include:<ref name="cdc">Top 10 Things Every Clinician Needs to Know About Legionellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed on August 5, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians.html</ref>
* Age (usually 50 years or older)
* '''Exposure to aquatic enviroments: aerosolized water, contaminated drinking water, whirlpool spas, water supply systems, or cooling towers (most important risk factors)'''
*Recent travel with an overnight stay outside of the home
* Old Age (> 50 years)
* Recent travel with an overnight stay outside of the home
* Current or former smokers
* Current or former smokers
* Exposure to whirlpool spas
* Recent exposure to repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing
* Recent repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing
* Chronic lung disease (namely [[COPD]])
* Chronic lung disease (namely COPD or emphysema)
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
* Weakened immune system from diseases like cancer, diabetes, or kidney failure
*[[Hepatic insufficiency]]
* Immunosuppressive drug therapy (post-transplant or chemotherapy)
*[[Renal insufficiency]]
* [[Immunosuppression]]
* [[Malignancy]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 18:09, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D., Serge Korjian M.D.

Overview

The most important risk factor in the development of legionellosis is recent exposure to either aerosolized water or contaminated water. Other risk factors include old age, concomitant lung disease, active smoking status, and immunosuppression.

Risk Factors

Risk factors of legionellosis include:[1]

  • Exposure to aquatic enviroments: aerosolized water, contaminated drinking water, whirlpool spas, water supply systems, or cooling towers (most important risk factors)
  • Old Age (> 50 years)
  • Recent travel with an overnight stay outside of the home
  • Current or former smokers
  • Recent exposure to repairs or maintenance work on domestic plumbing
  • Chronic lung disease (namely COPD)
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Hepatic insufficiency
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Immunosuppression
  • Malignancy

References

  1. Top 10 Things Every Clinician Needs to Know About Legionellosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed on August 5, 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/clinicians.html

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