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{{Dermatophytosis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Fungi thrive in moist, warm areas, such as locker rooms, tanning beds, swimming pools and in [[skin]] folds. Ringworm is common, especially among children but it may affect people of all ages. It is caused by a fungus, not a [[worm]] like the name suggests. Ringworm is more likely in people who are often wet (such as from sweating) and from minor injuries to the skin, [[scalp]], or nails. Ringworm can spread easily from one person to another by either touching someone who has the [[infection]], or coming into contact with items contaminated by the fungus, such as combs, unwashed clothing, and shower or pool surfaces. A person can also catch ringworm from pets that carry the [[fungus]] (cats are common carriers).
Dermatophytes cause non-lethal infection of the superficial [[skin]], therefore, the agents causing dermatophytosis are not life-threatening. Common genera of dermatophytes causing infections include the [[Epidermophyton]], [[Microsporum]] and [[Trichophyton]]. The causes of dermatophytosis according to the organ system involvement include, [[tinea corporis]] which is infection of body surfaces other than the feet, groin, face, [[scalp]] hair, or beard hair; [[Tinea pedis]] which is infection of the foot; [[tinea cruris]] which is infection of the groin; [[tinea capitis]] which is infection of [[scalp]] hair; [[tinea unguium]] (dermatophyte [[onychomycosis]]) which signifies infection of the nail; tinea faecei which is infection of the face; [[tinea barbae]] which is infection of the facial hair; tinea mannum which includes infection of the hands.


==Related chapters==
== Causes ==
* [[Dermatophyte]]
 
=== Life-Threatening Causes ===
* Dermatophytes cause non-lethal [[infection]] of the superficial [[skin]], therefore, the agents causing dermatophytosis are not life-threatening.
 
=== Common Causes ===
The common etiologic agents of the dermatophytosis can be categorized into one of three genera:<ref name="pmid7621400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weitzman I, Summerbell RC |title=The dermatophytes |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=240–59 |year=1995 |pmid=7621400 |pmc=172857 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid96659752">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elewski BE |title=Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=415–29 |year=1998 |pmid=9665975 |pmc=88888 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* ''[[Epidermophyton]]''
* ''[[Microsporum]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
 
=== Causes By Organ System ===
The following are the causes of dermatophytosis by [[organ system]] involvement:<ref name="pmid76214002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weitzman I, Summerbell RC |title=The dermatophytes |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=240–59 |year=1995 |pmid=7621400 |pmc=172857 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlDiagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections - American Family Physician">{{cite web |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1115/p702.html |title=Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections - American Family Physician |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25090020">{{cite journal |vauthors=El-Gohary M, van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Burgess H, Doney L, Stuart B, Moore M, Little P |title=Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=8 |pages=CD009992 |year=2014 |pmid=25090020 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009992.pub2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9665975">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elewski BE |title=Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=415–29 |year=1998 |pmid=9665975 |pmc=88888 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Tinea corporis]]: [[Infection]] of body surfaces other than the feet, groin, face, scalp hair, or beard hair
* [[Tinea pedis]]: [[Infection]] of the foot
* [[Tinea cruris]]: [[Infection]] of the groin
* [[Tinea capitis]]: [[Infection]] of scalp hair
* [[Tinea unguium]] (dermatophyte [[onychomycosis]]): [[Infection]] of the nail
* Tinea faecei: [[Infection]] of the face
* Tinea barbae: [[Infection]] of the facial hair
* Tinea mannum: [[Infection]] of the hands
{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Tinea
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Major organ system affected
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Genera
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Species
|-
|[[Tinea corporis]]
|
* Body surfaces other than the feet, groin, face, scalp hair, or beard hair
|
* ''[[Epidermophyton]]''
* ''[[Microsporum]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]''
* ''T. mentagrophytes''
* ''[[Microsporum|M. canis]]''
|-
|[[Tinea pedis]]
|
* Feet
|
* ''[[Epidermophyton]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''T. mentagrophytes'' ([[inflammatory]])
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]'' ([[Ulceration|ulcerative]])
* ''[[Epidermophyton|E. floccosum]]'' ([[Ulceration|ulcerative]])
|-
|[[Tinea cruris]]
|
* Groin
|
* ''[[Epidermophyton]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''[[Epidermophyton|E. floccosum]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]''
* ''T. mentagrophytes''
|-
|[[Tinea capitis]]
|
* Scalp hair
|
* ''[[Microsporum]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''[[Microsporum|M. canis]]''
* ''T. mentagrophytes''
* ''[[Trichophyton tonsurans|T. tonsurans]]''
|-
|[[Tinea unguium]]
|
* Nails
|
* ''[[Epidermophyton]]''
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''T. mentagrophytes''
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]''
* ''[[Epidermophyton|E. floccosum]]''
|-
|Tinea faecei
|
* Face
|
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]''
* ''T. menatagrophytes''
|-
|[[Tinea barbae]]
|
* Facial hair
|
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''T. mentagrophytes''
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]''
|-
|Tinea mannum
|
* Hands
|
* ''[[Trichophyton]]''
|Commonly:
* ''[[Trichophyton rubrum|T. rubrum]]''
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 21:18, 29 July 2020

Dermatophytosis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Dermatophytes cause non-lethal infection of the superficial skin, therefore, the agents causing dermatophytosis are not life-threatening. Common genera of dermatophytes causing infections include the Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. The causes of dermatophytosis according to the organ system involvement include, tinea corporis which is infection of body surfaces other than the feet, groin, face, scalp hair, or beard hair; Tinea pedis which is infection of the foot; tinea cruris which is infection of the groin; tinea capitis which is infection of scalp hair; tinea unguium (dermatophyte onychomycosis) which signifies infection of the nail; tinea faecei which is infection of the face; tinea barbae which is infection of the facial hair; tinea mannum which includes infection of the hands.

Causes

Life-Threatening Causes

  • Dermatophytes cause non-lethal infection of the superficial skin, therefore, the agents causing dermatophytosis are not life-threatening.

Common Causes

The common etiologic agents of the dermatophytosis can be categorized into one of three genera:[1][2]

Causes By Organ System

The following are the causes of dermatophytosis by organ system involvement:[3][4][5][6]

Tinea Major organ system affected Genera Species
Tinea corporis
  • Body surfaces other than the feet, groin, face, scalp hair, or beard hair
 Commonly:
Tinea pedis
  • Feet
 Commonly:
Tinea cruris
  • Groin
 Commonly:
Tinea capitis
  • Scalp hair
 Commonly:
Tinea unguium
  • Nails
 Commonly:
Tinea faecei
  • Face
 Commonly:
Tinea barbae
  • Facial hair
 Commonly:
Tinea mannum
  • Hands
 Commonly:

References

  1. ↑ Weitzman I, Summerbell RC (1995). "The dermatophytes". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8 (2): 240–59. PMC 172857. PMID 7621400.
  2. ↑ Elewski BE (1998). "Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11 (3): 415–29. PMC 88888. PMID 9665975.
  3. ↑ Weitzman I, Summerbell RC (1995). "The dermatophytes". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 8 (2): 240–59. PMC 172857. PMID 7621400.
  4. ↑ "Diagnosis and Management of Tinea Infections - American Family Physician".
  5. ↑ El-Gohary M, van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Burgess H, Doney L, Stuart B, Moore M, Little P (2014). "Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (8): CD009992. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009992.pub2. PMID 25090020.
  6. ↑ Elewski BE (1998). "Onychomycosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11 (3): 415–29. PMC 88888. PMID 9665975.

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