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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| Name = Ancylostomiasis |
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| Image = |
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| Caption = |
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| DiseasesDB = 34500|
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|29|0|k|20}}-K29.7 |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|535.0}}-535.5 |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| MedlinePlus = |
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| MeshID = |
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| }}
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| {{Ancylostomiasis}} | | {{Ancylostomiasis}} |
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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
| | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Kalpana Giri}} |
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| {{CMG}} | |
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| ==[[Ancylostomiasis overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Ancylostomiasis overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==Case Studies== | | ==Case Studies== |
| [[Ancylostomiasis case study one|Case#1]] | | [[Ancylostomiasis case study one|Case#1]] |
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| ==Related Chapters==
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| ==Prevention==
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| Control of this parasite should be directed against reducing the level of
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| environmental contamination. Treatment of heavily infected individuals is one
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| way to reduce the source of contamination (one study has estimated that 60% of
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| the total worm burden resides in less than 10% of the population). Other
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| obvious methods are to improve access to [[sanitation]], e.g. [[toilets]], but also
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| convincing people to maintaining them in a clean, functional state, thereby making
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| them conducive to use.
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| ==Treatment==
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| The drug of choice for the treatment of hookworm disease is [[mebendazole]] which
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| is effective against both species, and in addition, will remove the intestinal
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| worm Ascaris also, if present. The drug is very efficient, requiring only a
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| single dose and is inexpensive, the perfect drug. However, treatment requires
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| more than giving the anthelmintic, the patient should also receive dietary
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| supplements to improve their general level of health, in particular iron
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| supplementation is very important. Iron is an important constituent of a
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| multitude of enzyme systems involved in energy metabolism, DNA synthesis and
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| drug detoxification.
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| An infection of ''N. americanus'' parasites can be treated by using [[Imidazole|benzimidazoles]], [[albendazole]], and [[mebendazole]]. A blood transfusion may be necessary in severe cases of anemia. Light infections are usually left untreated in areas where reinfection is common. Iron supplements and a diet high in protein will speed the recovery process.<ref>"hookworm disease." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 06 Dec. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271350/hookworm-disease>.</ref> In a case study involving 56-60 men with ''[[Trichuris trichiura]]'' and/or ''N. americanus'' infections, both albendazole and mebendazole were 90% effective in curing ''T. trichiura''. However, albendazole had a 95% cure rate for ''N. americanus'', while mebendazole only had a 21% cure rate. This suggests albendazole is most effective for treating both ''T. trichiura'' and ''N. americanus''.<ref> Holzer, B. R.; and Frey, F. J. (February 1987). "Differential efficacy of mebendazole and albendazole against Necator americanus but not for Trichuris trichiura infestations". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 32 (6): 635-637. http://www.springerlink.com/content/k000065915k70257/</ref>
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| ==Gallery==
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Hookworm07.jpeg| Unstained micrograph of the Ancylostoma duodenale hookworm's mouth parts; Mag. 125X. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Hookworm05.jpeg| This enlargement shows hookworms, Ancylostoma caninum attached to the intestinal mucosa. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Hookworm04.jpeg| Micrograph depicting the tail tip of a Strongyloides filariform infective stage larvae on the left, and a hookworm on the right. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Hookworm03.jpeg| This micrograph depicts a hookworm (Lt), and a Strongyloides (Rt) filariform infective stage larvae. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Hookworm01.jpeg| This child with hookworm shows visible signs of edema, and was diagnosed with anemia as well. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Hookworm06.jpeg| The human hookworms include two nematode (roundworm) species, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Hookworm02.jpeg| Diagram depicting the various stages in the life cycle of the Strongyloides stercoralis nematode. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| </gallery>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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