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| '''Cytomegalovirus retinitis''', also known as '''CMV retinitis''', is an inflammation of the [[eye]]'s [[retina]] that can lead to [[blindness]]. [[Cytomegalovirus]] (CMV)) is a [[DNA virus]] in the family [[Herpesviridae]] known for producing large cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Such inclusions are called an "owl's eye" effect.
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| While CMV is found in almost everyone, and is usually fought off by the [[immune system]], for people who are [[immunocompromised]], by diseases, transplants, or [[chemotherapy]] the virus is not adequately destroyed and can cause damage to the eye and the rest of the body. [[HIV positive]] persons are most at risk, especially when the [[CD4]] cell count decreases. CMV is a common virus that infects those who are HIV positive.
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| It affects the eye in about 30% of the cases by causing damage to the retina. Symptoms can include blurred vision, eye pain, [[photophobia]], redness, and blindness. It may affect just one eye at first, but then may spread to the other. Because the virus is so threatening to vision, it is usually treated by a [[vitreo-retinal surgeon]], by [[antivirals]] such as [[ganciclovir]] or [[foscarnet]], which can be taken orally, intravenously, injected directly into the eye ([[intravitreal injection]]), or through an [[intravitreal implant]].
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| The systemic use of [[corticosteroids]] has recently been implicated as elevating the risk of CMV in AIDS patients.<ref>Hodge WG, Boivin JF, Shapiro SH, Shah KC, Dionne MA. "Iatrogenic risk factors for cytomegalovirus retinitis." ''Can J Ophthalmol.'' 2005 Dec;40(6):701-10. PMID 16518896.</ref>
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| The first report of CMV retinitis in a patient with [[dermatomyositis]] was recently published.<ref>Kim HR, Kim SD, Kim SH, Yoon CH, Lee SH, Park SH, Kim HY. "Cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with dermatomyositis." ''Clin Rheumatol.'' 2006 Mar 15; [Epub ahead of print]. PMID 16552465.</ref>
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| ==Medical Treatment==
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| Preferred regimen: [[Foscarnet]] 1.2-2.4 mg/0.1 mL intravitreal injection 1-3 times per week {{and}} [[Ganciclovir]] 5 mg/kg IV q12 for 2 weeks followed by 5 mg/kg q24h for 5-7 weeks followed by [[Valganciclovir]] 900 mg PO qd for chronic maintenance
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| ==References==
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| <div class="references-small">
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| <references/>
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| </div>
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| Active Cytomegalovirus retinitis is treated by a uveitis and ocular immunology specialist
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| ==See also==
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| *[[List of eye diseases and disorders]]
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| *[[List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations]]
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| *[[Progressive outer retinal necrosis]]
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.emedicine.com/OPH/topic701.htm Retinitis, CMV - eMedicine.com]
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| [[Category:HIV/AIDS]]
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| [[Category:Viral diseases]]
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| [[Category:Ophthalmology]]
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| {{eye-stub}}
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