|
|
| (2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] |
| {{SI}}
| |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JH}}.
| |
| | |
| {{SK}} Seborrheic eczema.
| |
| | |
| ==Overview==
| |
| Seborrhoeic [[eczema]] (also known as Seborrheic dermatitis [[American English|AmE]], '''seborrhea''') is a skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and trunk causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin. It particularly affects the [[sebum]]-gland rich areas of skin.
| |
| | |
| ==Causes==
| |
| The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis remains unknown, although many factors have been implicated. The widely present [[yeast]], ''[[Malassezia furfur]]'' (formerly known as ''Pityrosporum ovale''), is involved,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hay R, Graham-Brown R |title=Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: causes and management |journal=Clin Exp Dermatol |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=3-6 |year=1997 |pmid=9330043 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2230.1997.d01-231.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Nowicki R |title=[Modern management of dandruff] |journal=Pol Merkur Lekarski |volume=20 |issue=115 |pages=121-4 |year=2006 |pmid=16617752}}</ref> as well as genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-system factors.<ref>Am Fam Physician 2000;61:2703-10,2713-4</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Janniger C, Schwartz R |title=Seborrheic dermatitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=149-55, 159-60 |year=1995 |pmid=7604759}}</ref> A suggestion that seborrhoeic dermatitis is an inflammatory response to this yeast has yet to be proven.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Parry M, Sharpe G |title=Seborrheic dermatitis is not caused by an altered immune response to Malassezia yeast |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume=139 |issue=2 |pages=254-63 |year=1998 |pmid=9767239 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02362.x}}</ref> Those afflicted with seborrhoeic dermatitis have an unfavourable epidermic response to the infection, with the skin becoming inflamed and flaking.
| |
| | |
| In children, excessive [[vitamin A]] intake can cause seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref>
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000350.htm
| |
| |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypervitaminosis A
| |
| |publisher=www.nlm.nih.gov
| |
| |accessdate=2008-03-19
| |
| |last=
| |
| |first=
| |
| }}
| |
| </ref> Lack of [[biotin]],<ref name="aafp">
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html
| |
| |title=Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Overview - July 1, 2006 -- American Family Physician
| |
| |publisher=www.aafp.org
| |
| |accessdate=2008-03-19
| |
| |last=
| |
| |first=
| |
| }}
| |
| </ref> [[pyridoxine]] (vitamin B6)<ref name="aafp"/><ref name="emedicine">
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| |url=http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic278.htm
| |
| |title=eMedicine - Nutritional Neuropathy : Article by R Andrew Sewell
| |
| |publisher=www.emedicine.com
| |
| |accessdate=2008-03-19
| |
| |last=
| |
| |first=
| |
| }}
| |
| </ref> and [[riboflavin]] (vitamin B2)<ref name="aafp"/> may also be a cause.
| |
| | |
| == Hair loss ==
| |
| | |
| Side effects to inflammation may include temporary hair loss. If severe outbreaks go untreated for long periods of time, permanent hair loss may result due to damaged hair follicles.
| |
| | |
| Expect two to six months before hair growth may resume.
| |
| | |
| ==Physical examination==
| |
| | |
| ==Gallery==
| |
| | |
| =====Head=====
| |
| | |
| <gallery>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_01.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_04.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_05.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_06.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_07.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_09.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_10.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_13.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_15.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_19.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_20.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| </gallery>
| |
| | |
| =====Ear=====
| |
| | |
| <gallery>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_08.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_21.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_22.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| </gallery>
| |
| | |
| =====Neck=====
| |
| | |
| <gallery>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_14.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| </gallery>
| |
| | |
| =====Trunk=====
| |
| | |
| <gallery>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_01.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_03.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_11.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_12.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| </gallery>
| |
| | |
| =====Extremities=====
| |
| | |
| <gallery>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_18.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| </gallery>
| |
| | |
| =====Genitales=====
| |
| | |
| <gallery>
| |
| | |
| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_17.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
| |
| | |
| </gallery>
| |
| | |
| ==Treatments==
| |
| ===Medical Therapy===
| |
| ===Seborrheic dermatitis===
| |
| * Seborrheic dermatitis<ref name="pmid24947530">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 59 | issue= 2 | pages= 147-59 | pmid=24947530 | doi=10.1093/cid/ciu296 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24947530 }} </ref>
| |
| :* 1. '''Antifungal agents'''
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Ketoconazole]] 2% in shampoo, foam, gel, or cream
| |
| :::* Scalp: Twice/week for clearance {{then}} once/week or every other week for maintenance
| |
| :::* Other areas: From bid to twice/week for clearance {{then}} from twice/week to once every other week for maintenance
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Bifonazole]] 1% in shampoo or cream
| |
| :::* Scalp: 3 times/week for clearance
| |
| :::* Other areas: qd for clearance
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Ciclopirox olamine]] (also called ciclopirox) 1.0% or 1.5% in shampoo or cream
| |
| :::* Scalp: Twice to 3 times/week for clearance {{then}} once/week or every 2 week for maintenance
| |
| :::* Other areas: Twice daily for clearance {{then}} qd for maintenance
| |
| | |
| :* 2. '''Corticosteroids'''
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Hydrocortisone]] 1% in cream areas other than scalp qd or bid
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Betamethasone dipropionate]] 0.05% in lotion scalp and other areas qd or bid
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Clobetasol|Clobetasol 17- butyrate]] 0.05% in cream areas other than scalp qd or bid
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (4): [[Clobetasol|Clobetasol dipro- pionate]] 0.05% in shampoo
| |
| :::* Scalp: Twice weekly in a short- contact fashion (up to 10 min application, then washing)
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen (5): [[Desonide]] 0.05% lotion bid on scalp and other areas
| |
| | |
| :* 3. '''Lithium salts'''
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Lithium succinate]] {{and}} [[Zinc sulfate]] Ointment containing 8% [[Lithium succinate]] {{and}} 0.05% [[Zinc sulfate]]
| |
| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Lithium|Lithium gluconate]] 8% in gel bid on areas other than scalp
| |
| [[Category: Infectious Disease Project]]
| |
| | |
| ===Plant-based treatments===
| |
| {{main article|phytotherapy}}
| |
| The [[World Health Organization]] mentions ''[[Aloe vera]]'' gel as a yet to be scientifically proven [[traditional medicine]] treatment for Seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref>
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| |url=http://www.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e.6
| |
| |title=WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1: Aloe Vera Gel
| |
| |publisher=www.who.int
| |
| |accessdate=2008-03-18
| |
| |last=
| |
| |first=
| |
| }}
| |
| </ref>
| |
| | |
| *''[[Arctium lappa]]'' (Burdock) oil<ref name="green">
| |
| {{cite web
| |
| |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N-Uus_kjkNUC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=plants+for+treating+seborrhea&source=web&ots=u4fzYOLFsb&sig=cpWVYu2MB5a3dqNC17QRX7qYhcw&hl=en#PPA154,M1
| |
| |title=The Green Pharmacy: New Discoveries ... - Google Book Search
| |
| |publisher=books.google.com
| |
| |accessdate=2008-03-19
| |
| |last=
| |
| |first=
| |
| }}
| |
| </ref>
| |
| *''[[Chelidonium majus]]'' (Celandine)<ref name="green"/>
| |
| *''[[Glycyrrhiza glabra]]'' (Licorice)<ref name="green"/>
| |
| *''[[Melaleuca]]'' (Tea tree) species<ref name="green"/>
| |
| *''[[Plantago]]'' (Plantain) species<ref name="green"/>
| |
| *''Symphytum officinale'' ([[Comfrey]])<ref name="green"/>
| |
| *''[[Zingiber officinale]]'' (Ginger) root juice<ref name="green"/>
| |
| | |
| ==Related Chapter==
| |
| *''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| ==External Links==
| |
| * [http://dermnetnz.org/dermatitis/seborrhoeic-dermatitis.html Seborrhoeic Dermatitis at DermNet]
| |
| *[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Overview - July 1, 2006 -- American Family Physician]
| |
| | |
| {{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}}
| |
| | |
| | |
| [[Category:Skin diseases]]
| |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
| |